好消息！ FDA连夜紧急批准非营利组织Battelle使用其新研制的设备为医院消毒防护用品。该设备日可消毒N95口罩8万个，也可用于消毒呼吸机配件等。该公司正将设备运往纽约，西雅图，华盛顿，D.C.，这批设备共可日消毒40万个N95口罩。俄亥俄州本地现有两台设备在Columbus and Beavercreek投入使用
本来还想写一点恐慌和免疫，可能没时间写了，很庆幸前几个星期抓紧时间写了一些。 一直跟大家强调不要恐慌，因为恐慌和焦虑真的是免疫力一个非常大的敌人， 无药无疫苗的新冠，人类现在最能依靠的第一助力就是自己的免疫力。放松愉快的心情对治疗也至关重要， 就像罗斯福总统曾经说过的 “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”
本来还想写一点恐慌和免疫，可能没时间写了，很庆幸前几个星期抓紧时间写了一些。 一直跟大家强调不要恐慌，因为恐慌和焦虑真的是免疫力一个非常大的敌人， 无药无疫苗的新冠，人类现在最能依靠的第一助力就是自己的免疫力。放松愉快的心情对治疗也至关重要， 就像罗斯福总统曾经说过的 “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”
Individuals with symptoms who may have traveled toareas of concern or have been in contact with somebody who has traveled to these areas should call ahead to their health care provider before seeking treatment in person. Health care providers determine whether a test should be done. Patients must meet the state’s criteriato be tested, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. New York state had 28 public and private labs conducting testing, as of March 13. The state’s public health lab can complete a test in three to five hours. For more information, call 1-888-364-3065 or visit the New York Department of Health’s website.
来自 Caffeine MM的补充： 在纽约可以去go health urgent care.他们是northwell health system的，是纽约州那个上周唯一的可测corona的实验室。但是纽约现在的标准是要有flu like symptoms才给测。建议没有症状或者轻症的把预约机会留给重症的人
Washington Call your health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Currently, there are no restrictions on who can be tested, however, it’s up to the provider to decide. Sample collection is done at the provider’s office. Samples are then sent to facilities such as the Washington State Public Health Lab or the University of Washington Virology Lab for analysis. Results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours. Turnaround time can be affected by demand. For more information, read the Washington State Department of Health's medium article on testing or visit the department's coronavirus website.
Call your health care provider or local public health department to be evaluated for testing if you are symptomatic, may have had contact with a person with coronavirus, or recently traveled to countries that have community spread. As of March 13, California had 18 public health labs testing for coronavirus, with three more expected to be offering tests by next week. There are some private labs testing as well, though the state is not tracking their testing data. For a patient to be tested by a public health lab, their provider must contact the local public health department for approval and instructions. Most test results are available within 48 to 72 hours. For more coronavirus information, visit the California Department of Public Health’swebpage.
加洲testing在线筛选 https://www.projectbaseline.com/study/covid-19/ 第一个问题你要选no才能继续直到testing ,如果选yes,居然不给测！真是神操作啊！ Are you currently experiencing severe cough, shortness of breath, fever, or other concerning symptoms?
Call your doctor or local health department to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Patients who don’t have a primary care doctor can call a federally qualified health center or emergency department. To decide whether you need testing, providers refer to the CDC criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Specimens are tested by New Jersey’s Public Health and Environmental Laboratory and results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours. Patients who don’t meet priority criteria can discuss testing at commercial labs with their provider. For more coronavirus information, visit the New Jersey Department of Health’s website.
If you develop emergency warning signs for COVID-19 get medical attention immediately. Emergency warning signs include*:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Persistent pain or pressure in the chest New confusion or inability to arouse Bluish lips or face *This list is not all inclusive. Please consult your medical provider for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning.
Dr. Ai Fen, director of Wuhan Central Hospital's emergency department, was the first doctor to alert other colleagues about a SARS-like disease in Wuhan. several of her colleagues died from the coronavirus when treating patients in ER. She has asthma, and uses spray. She thinks the spray helped her to prevent inhaling the virus or has substance that helped her not to get contracted. 武汉疫情发哨子的人——艾芬- Gnews 接到武汉市中心医院急诊科主任艾芬同意采访的短信是3月1日凌晨5点，大约半 ... “我自己分析了一下，可能是因为我本身有哮喘，在用一些吸入性的激素，可能会抑制这些病毒在肺内沉积”
Ephedrine is used for temporary relief of shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheezing due to bronchial asthma. ... Ephedrine is a decongestant and bronchodilator. It works by reducing swelling and constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages and widening the lung airways, allowing you to breathe more easily
联合用药的六人给药量：hydroxychloroquine sulfate 200 mg, three times per day during ten days + azithromycin 500mg on day1 followed by 250mg per day, the next four days
Original (18 March 2020): The World Health Organization recommended Tuesday that people suffering COVID-19 symptoms avoid taking ibuprofen, after French officials warned that anti-inflammatory drugs could worsen effects of the virus.
The warning by French Health Minister Olivier Veran followed a recent study in The Lancet medical journal that hypothesised that an enzyme boosted by anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen could facilitate and worsen COVID-19 infections.
Since the publication of this article, the World Health Organization has updated its advice on the official Twitter account: "Based on currently available information, WHO does not recommend against the use of ibuprofen."
Alabama Call a health care provider if you are concerned you need to be tested -- these include physician practices, emergency departments and urgent care centers. They will help you make arrangements for testing without exposing others. Patients must meet the state’s criteriato be tested, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Health care providers can order tests as they see appropriate. Results should be available in 24 to 72 hours. For more information, the public can call Alabama’s 211 system by dialing 2-1-1 or texting 888-421-1266—or visit the Alabama Department of Public Health’s coronavirus webpage. Alaska For information about coronavirus in Alaska, check the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services’ coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Arizona Call your health care provider if you have symptoms and are concerned. If you do not have a regular provider, you can call an urgent care center. Patients must meet the state’s criteria to be tested, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. The Arizona State Public Health Lab and several private labs including SonoraQuest, Mayo, LabCorp and Arup are conducting testing in the state. Results are typically available 24 hours after they are received by the public health lab. For more details, you can call the Arizona information line by dialing 1-844-542-8201 or visit the Arizona Department of Health Services’ website. Arkansas Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. If so, your provider will consult the Arkansas Department of Health about if and how to conduct testing. If you do not have a regular provider, call the nearest health care facility that can provide an evaluation or call an emergency room if you are in need of emergency care. The state typically only tests people who are symptomatic. Test results are available approximately 24 hours after they arrive at the state lab. There is some private lab testing in the state, which may have a different turnaround time for results and do not require approval by the state department of health. For more coronavirus information, call 800-803-7847 or visit the Arkansas Department of Health’s website. California Call your health care provider or local public health department to be evaluated for testing if you are symptomatic, may have had contact with a person with coronavirus, or recently traveled to countries that have community spread. As of March 13, California had 18 public health labs testing for coronavirus, with three more expected to be offering tests by next week. There are some private labs testing as well, though the state is not tracking their testing data. For a patient to be tested by a public health lab, their provider must contact the local public health department for approval and instructions. Most test results are available within 48 to 72 hours. For more coronavirus information, visit the California Department of Public Health’swebpage. Colorado Call your health care provider if you are concerned you need to be tested. People who are uninsured or do not have a doctor’s referral can go to the drive-up testing lab during open hours, where they will be directed to a nurse or epidemiologist on site to be assessed. Patients must be symptomatic to be tested and meet the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Colorado’s state public health lab is conducting drive-up testing. There is also a private lab conducting tests, with two more expected to begin next week. Test results from the state lab should be available within 72 hours, depending on testing volume. For more coronavirus information, call the CO HELP line at 303-389-1687 or 1-877-462-2911 or visit the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment’s webpage. Connecticut Connecticut has a coronavirus website that refers people to the CDC’s guidance on whether you should be tested. Call your provider or local health department for more information. NBC News reached out to the Connecticut State Department of Health with additional questions and is awaiting a response. Delaware Call your health care provider if you are concerned you need to be tested. If you do not have a primary care doctor, call the Delaware Division of Public Health’s call center at (866) 408-1899. The state is only recommending testing for people with symptoms. If a provider determines someone should be tested, they collect the samples and send them to the state’s public or private lab. Approval from the Division of Public Health is required for testing at the state public health lab, but not for commercial lab testing. Results from the Division of Public Health’s laboratory are typically available within 24 hours. Commercial lab results times may vary. For more coronavirus information, visit the Delaware Division of Public Health’s website; call the Delaware information line by dialing 1-866-408-1899; or email [email protected]. TTY users should dial 1-800-232-5460. District of Columbia The District of Columbia has a coronavirus website that provides information on symptoms, and procedures for calling your health care provider or DC Health. NBC News reached out to DC Health with additional questions and is awaiting a response. Florida Call your health care provider or county health department if you are symptomatic to determine the need for testing. To be prioritized for testing, patients must meet the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Their samples will be sent to the closest laboratory. If you don’t meet priority criteria, you can discuss with your provider about possibly getting tested at a commercial laboratory (e.g. LabCorp or Quest). State lab results are generally available within 24-48 hours. Commercial labs can take three to four days. Turnaround time can for all be affected by demand. For more coronavirus information, call the Florida information line at 866-779-6121 or visit Florida Department of Health’s website. Georgia Call your doctor or local health department if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Your health care provider will consult with the Georgia Department of Public Health to determine if you need to be tested. To be prioritized for testing at the Georgia Public Health Laboratory, patients must meet the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Patients who don’t meet priority requirements can consider testing at commercial labs. For more information, visit the Georgia Department of Public Health’s website. Hawaii Residents are advised to call a health provider if they have symptoms and have been to areas where the virus is prevalent or have been in contact with someone who is sick. The provider will determine if they should be tested based on the state’s criteria. The state’s public health lab is conducting tests with authorization from the Department of Health. Tests are also being conducted by the Tripler Army Medical Center lab, which does not require department authorization. Test results are typically available within a day. For more information, visit the Hawaii Department of Health’s coronavirus website. Idaho Call your health care provider if you believe you need to be tested. Any provider can request a test from the state, as long as they meet CDC infection control requirements for collection. However, not all providers in the state are set up to meet those requirements, according to the Department of Health. Test results are usually available 24 hours after they are sent to the state lab. There are four private labs conducting tests in the state that may have different response times. For more information, call 2-1-1 or your local public health district, or visit Idaho’s coronavirus website. Illinois Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Providers determine whether a test is necessary based on the Illinois Department of Public Health’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. After a provider sends samples to the public health lab, results should be available approximately 24 hours later. Commercial labs are starting to run tests, but those results must be sent to the Illinois Department of Public Health’s laboratory for confirmation. General questions about COVID-19 and Illinois’ response can be answered over the phone at 1-800-889-3931 or via email at [email protected]. The Illinois Department of Public Health has a website with coronavirus information. Indiana Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. The provider must have authorization from the Indiana State Department of Health in order for the test to be evaluated by the department. High risk individuals, including those who have been hospitalized with severe respiratory illness who have tested negative for other respiratory illnesses, will be prioritized. The results are typically available within 24 hours. Individuals who are not high risk are encouraged to consult their provider about possible private testing. For information about coronavirus in Indiana, check the Indiana State Department of Health’s website. You can also direct general questions about COVID-19 to the department’s Epidemiology Resource Center at 317-233-7125 [317-233-1325 after hours] or e-mail [email protected]. Iowa Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Any provider can order a test if a patient meets the state’s criteria, which include:
a person who has traveled to a country with a level 3 CDC travel health warning or has taken an international cruise in the two weeks prior to becoming ill with fever and respiratory symptoms (who do not have an alternative diagnosis) a person with household contact with a lab-confirmed COVID-19 case in the two weeks prior to becoming ill with fever or respiratory symptoms hospitalized adults older than 60 with fever and respiratory symptoms and chronic medical conditions hospitalized people with fever and respiratory failure, with no alternate diagnosis
Test results from the State Hygienic Lab should be available in approximately 24 hours. Private lab results times may vary. For more coronavirus information, call Iowa’s 211 system or visit the Iowa Department of Public Health’s website. Kansas For information about coronavirus in Kansas, check the Kansas Division of Public Health’s coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the division with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Kentucky For information about coronavirus in Kentucky, check the Kentucky Department of Public Health’s coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the department with additional questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Louisiana For information about coronavirus in Louisiana, check the Louisiana Department of Health’s coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Maine For information about coronavirus in Maine, check the Maine Division of Disease Surveillance’s coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the division with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Maryland For information about coronavirus in Maryland, check the Department of Health’s coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Massachusetts Call your doctor if you are symptomatic, who will consult with the state department of health about if you should be tested. If so, the doctor will arrange for you to come in so they can take swabs and submit them to the state public health lab. The state is only testing people who meet the CDC’s definition of “person under investigation,”and the state health department must approve before testing can be done. Test results are usually available within 24 hours, depending on the volume of tests that day. On Monday, state testing capacity quadrupled after the FDA approved the use of automated testing for the state public health lab. Michigan Michigan has a coronavirus website with advice for residents which recommends that people who are concerned about their health, are experiencing respiratory illness or have other serious and concerning symptoms call their health care provider. Health care providers can request testing based on patient symptoms, according to the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services' online FAQ. NBC News is in contact with the department about testing and is awaiting additional information. Minnesota For information about coronavirus in Minnesota, check the Minnesota Department of Health’s coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Mississippi Call your health care provider if you have symptoms to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Providers do not need approval from the Mississippi State Department of Health to send samples to the public health laboratory, but priority is given to high-risk patients and those with the most severe symptoms. The department does not recommend testing anyone without symptoms. For information about coronavirus in Mississippi, check the Mississippi Department of Health’s coronavirus website.You can also call the hotline Monday-Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at (877) 978-6453. NBC News is in contact with the Mississippi Department of Health about testing and is awaiting additional information. Missouri Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. To be tested by the state public health laboratory, patients must meet the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Patients who don’t meet these requirements can consider testing at a commercial laboratory. The approximate cost of the commercial test is $199. State lab results are generally available within 24 hours. Commercial labs take approximately three days. For more details, the public can call the Missouri 24-hour coronavirus hotline by dialing 877-435-8411 or visit the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services’ website. Montana Call your health care provider to discuss whether you are a candidate for testing before appearing in person. If you do not have a primary care provider, you can call a community health center or urgent care clinic about getting tested. Providers are testing according to CDC guidance, with a focus on people exhibiting symptoms that could indicate COVID-19. Providers do not need department approval to administer a test, but the department consults on cases as necessary. Test results from the state public health lab are typically returned daily. For more coronavirus information, visit the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services website or contact your county or tribal health department. Nebraska For information about coronavirus in Nebraska, check the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services’ website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Nevada For information about coronavirus in Nevada, check the Nevada Department of Health and Human Services’ coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. New Hampshire Call your health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. To decide whether you need testing, providers refer to the CDC criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Providers collect specimens before sending them to labs for analysis. Testing is conducted by the New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories. Results are generally available within 24 hours. You can find more coronavirus information on the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services’ website. New Jersey Call your doctor or local health department to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Patients who don’t have a primary care doctor can call a federally qualified health center or emergency department. To decide whether you need testing, providers refer to the CDC criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Specimens are tested by New Jersey’s Public Health and Environmental Laboratory and results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours. Patients who don’t meet priority criteria can discuss testing at commercial labs with their provider. For more coronavirus information, visit the New Jersey Department of Health’s website. New Mexico For information about coronavirus in New Mexico, check the New Mexico Department of Health’s coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response.
New York Individuals with symptoms who may have traveled toareas of concern or have been in contact with somebody who has traveled to these areas should call ahead to their health care provider before seeking treatment in person. Health care providers determine whether a test should be done. Patients must meet the state’s criteriato be tested, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. New York state had 28 public and private labs conducting testing, as of March 13. The state’s public health lab can complete a test in three to five hours. For more information, call 1-888-364-3065 or visit the New York Department of Health’s website. North Carolina Call your doctor or local health department to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Patients must meet the state’s criteria to be tested, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Testing is conducted by the North Carolina Laboratory of Public Health and commercial labs. You can find more coronavirus information on the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services’ website. North Dakota For information about coronavirus in North Dakota, check the North Dakota Department of Health’s coronavirus website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Ohio For information about coronavirus in Ohio, check the Ohio Department of Health’s website. NBC News has reached out to the department with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Oklahoma Call your local health provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. If you need assistance call the Oklahoma Call Center at 877-215-8336. Testing is conducted by the Oklahoma State Department of Health For more coronaviros information, visit the Oklahoma State Department of Health’s website. NBC News has reached out to the department with additional questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Oregon For information about coronavirus in Oregon, check the Oregon Health Authority’s website. NBC News has reached out to the health authority with questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Pennsylvania Call the state hotline at 1-877-PA-HEALTH (1-877-724-3258) if you think you may need to be tested. A public health professional will speak with you and determine if and where you should go for testing, such as the hospital or doctor’s office, and can then coordinate arrival at the healthcare facility to ensure you, the healthcare workers, and other visitors to the facility are all properly protected to prevent further exposures. The state typically only tests people who are symptomatic. If you are not symptomatic, decisions are made on a case by case basis. Pennsylvania has both public and private labs that can conduct tests. The state public lab requires approval by the health department for testing. Results from the state lab can be available in less than a day -- testing takes on average four to six hours. For more coronavirus information, call 1-877-724-3258 or visit the Pennsylvania Department of Health’s website. Rhode Island Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Testing is decided on a case by case basis, considering symptoms, travel history and contact history. In general, asymptomatic people are not being tested. Specimens are collected by the provider, then sent to the Rhode Island Department of Health’s State Health Laboratories for analysis. Results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours. You can find more coronavirus information on Rhode Island Department of Health’s website. South Carolina Call your doctor or health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. They will consult with the state health department to determine if testing is necessary based on the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Clinicians collect specimens before sending them to labs for analysis. Testing is conducted by the South Carolina Public Health Laboratory and two private labs, LabQuest and LabCorp. Results from the state lab are generally available within 24 hours. For more information, call the South Carolina coronavirus information line at 1-855-472-3432 or visit the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control’s website. South Dakota Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. To be tested at the public health laboratory, patients must meet the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. The state has three priority levels for patients. Specimens are collected by the provider. They are then sent to the public health laboratory. Results could take up to 48 hours. For more information, call the South Dakota coronavirus information line at 1-800-977-2880 or visit the South Dakota Department of Health’s website. Tennessee The Tennessee Department of Health has a coronavirus website with updated information on the number of cases in the state, and guidance on travel and community events. Call the department’s COVID-19 public information hotline at (877) 857-2945 for more information about the virus. It is available daily from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. CST. NBC News reached out to the Tennessee Department of Health with additional questions and is awaiting a response. Texas Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. To be tested by the public health laboratory, patients must meet the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Public health testing also requires the local health department’s approval. Patients who don’t meet priority requirements can consider testing at commercial labs. Turnaround time for results depends on where the test is done and when it was sent. For more information, visit the Texas Health and Human Services Department website. Utah If you believe you may have COVID-19, call the Utah coronavirus information line at 1 (800) 456 - 7707. More information is also available on the state’s coronavirus website. NBC News reached out to the Utah Department of Health with additional questions about testing and is awaiting a response. Vermont Call your health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Providers determine whether a test is necessary based on the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. The state will ensure that anyone who meets the medical requirements for testing can do so at no cost. Your health care provider will arrange for testing. Specimens are collected at hospitals and clinical labs. They are then sent to the Vermont Department of Health Lab for analysis. Results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours and are reported to the hospital or clinical lab where the test was collected. For more coronavirus information, visit the Vermont Department of Health’s website. Virginia Call your health care provider if you are symptomatic to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Do not go to your local health department for testing. Your provider will work with your state or local public health department and the CDC to determine if you need to be tested. To be tested at the public health laboratory, patients must meet the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Alternatively, patients can consider testing at commercial labs, which don’t have set requirements and don’t need an approval from the state department. Results from the state’s public health lab are generally available within 24 hours. For more coronavirus information, visit the Virginia Department of Health’s website. Washington Call your health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Currently, there are no restrictions on who can be tested, however, it’s up to the provider to decide. Sample collection is done at the provider’s office. Samples are then sent to facilities such as the Washington State Public Health Lab or the University of Washington Virology Lab for analysis. Results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours. Turnaround time can be affected by demand. For more information, read the Washington State Department of Health's medium article on testing or visit the department's coronavirus website. West Virginia Call your health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. To decide whether you need testing, providers refer to the CDC criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Specimen collection is done at the provider’s office. Samples are then sent to the state’s public health lab. Commercial testing is expected to begin soon. For more information, visit the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources’ website. Wisconsin Call your health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. To decide whether you need testing, clinicians refer to the CDC criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Clinicians canorder tests without health department approval. Tests are conducted by the Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene and Milwaukee Health Department Lab. More private labs are also coming online. Test results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours. For more information, visit the Wisconsin Department of Health Services’ website. Wyoming Call your health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. To be tested by the Wyoming Public Health Laboratory, patients must meet the state’s criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors. Clinicians can order tests without health department approval. Patients who do not meet priority requirements can consider testing at commercial labs. Providers collect specimens and send them to the public health lab or commercial labs for analysis. Results from the public lab are generally available within 24 hours. Turnaround times for commercial labs are currently unknown. For more information, visit the Wyoming Department of Health’s website.
好贴。给楼主补充一个，我自己的医生发给我的。在纽约可以去go health urgent care.他们是northwell health system的，是纽约州那个上周唯一的可测corona的实验室。 但是纽约现在的标准是要有flu like symptoms才给测。建议没有症状或者轻症的把预约机会留给重症的人。 最后，提前先打电话告诉前台。
敬请华人上有专业知识的各领域专业人员能够抽时间给大家一点建议，纠正错误理解，或不实信息，真诚感谢。
此贴为互助贴， 请不管是国内翻墙的朋友还是北美持不同政见的华人朋友同学尽量克制，不要干扰求助及施助的人，人命关天，谢谢。
CDC昨天贴的Testing 各州情况，我把每个州都点了一遍，基本每个州都显示绿色，即都可以测，网页中还显示已经检测的人数，link： https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/testing-in-us.html
各州对自我疑似新冠者的检测条件和去哪里求助的说明，电话，网址的简要情况，link： https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/coronavirus-testing-information-covid-19-tests-according-state-health-departments-n1158041
Trump 总统说已经和Google一起建了一个网站作为主要检测管理程序，但是Google已经澄清该网站尚未完成（Link：https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/14/white-house-now-says-pilot-of-coronavirus-screening-site-will-roll-out-monday-for-bay-area/），
等可以用了，我会贴上来
各州测试标准 及检测求医方式, 电梯 264-266 楼： https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&forumpage=1&page=27#83217618
因为信息太多，开始占楼太少，我把信息挪到后面的楼，加电梯，方便大家查看。 更新：
The Washington Post 实时更新 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/03/19/coronavirus-latest-news/
The New York Times 实时更新 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html
USA Today 实时更新 https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/graphics/2020/03/10/us-coronavirus-map-tracking-united-states-outbreak/4945223002/
News Break 实时更新 https://www.newsbreak.com/topics/coronavirus?s=web
一亩三分地的疫情数据 实时更新 https://coronavirus.1point3acres.com/
Corona Near Me 网站，输入你的地址，可以看到离你最近的确诊病例，和附近确诊情况，也可以从dropdown box看到 你所在州的整个情况，
虽然不是时刻更新，也还可以 : https://www.coronainusa.com/
中文美国新冠肺炎实时动态：https://t.me/s/USCovidStatusChannel
家里吃的差不多了，要补充余粮， 新冠期间如何购物? 353 楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&forumpage=1&page=36#83371693
本周好消息！- 04/10/2020
1. 由 Inovio Pharmaceuticals公司研发的疫苗昨天开始人体测试，这是美国自上个月西雅图开始测试的第一支疫苗之后，美国研发的第二支疫苗， 虽然不断有疫苗开始测试，但是大家还是要做好准备，恐怕明年秋天普通民众才能真正接种疫苗。
https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/2nd-coronavirus-vaccine-trial-begins-u-s-pinch-zap-n1180021?cid=referral_taboolafeed
2. 以色列公司Pluristem Therapeutics Inc. 用以胎盘为基础的细胞疗法制剂治疗新冠重症病人，存活率100%， 虽然只有六名病人，但都是重症，其中两名有其他基础病的病人，不仅新冠病症得以恢复，其他病症也得到改善。
https://www.jpost.com/health-science/israeli-covid-19-treatment-shows-100-percent-survival-rate-preliminary-data-624058
3. 氢氯喹已被发放到纽约56家医院，可供四千病人使用，疗程4 到十天
https://nypost.com/2020/04/05/ny-coronavirus-patients-being-treated-with-anti-malarial-drug/
4.Gilead Sciences Inc的“人民的希望” 早期小组重症病人用药效果显著，经过一个月用药， 84% 的新冠重症病人显示临床症状改善， 但是，小组试验人数有限，不足以得出广泛适用结论，还要等几个大型trial的最终揭盲结果，才能决定。
https://www.wsj.com/articles/antiviral-drug-shows-early-promise-in-severely-ill-coronavirus-patients-11586559181
自救关键 382楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&page=39#83559527
关于美国医生自大， 384楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&page=39#83559527
提醒大家注意！
Amazon 有员工在收件人包裹上吐唾沫，气疯收件人，要求司机做检验，虽然司机已被解雇，但是还是提醒大家多加注意， 包裹收到立即消毒，先晾一到两天，因为新冠病毒可以在快递箱子上存活至24小时。 外包装打开后扔掉， 先洗手， 再查看买的东西，拿出来消毒后，要再次洗手， 不要摸未经过消毒的网上订购产品。
系统提示：若遇到视频无法播放请点击下方链接
https://www.youtube.com/embed/AHcasMqfKaQ
请居住在以下城市或地区的华人提高警惕！Amazon 在Staten Island, New York 配货中心工作的一名员工已经确诊新冠， 此人最后出现在工作地点的时间是3月11日，现在隔离。
另，还有以下区域的Amazon 配货中心分别有员工确诊，https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/25/tech/amazon-workers-coronavirus/index.html
Queens, NY
Joliet, Ill
Edison, NJ
Moreno Valley, Calif
Jacksonville, Fla
Shepherdsville, Ky
Brownstown, Mich
Oklahoma City, Okla
Katy, Texas
Wallingford, Conn
请居住在以上地区的华人，如果最近20-30 天内收到包裹的，观察自己的健康状况，是否出现感冒咳嗽等症状，请根据 首页 “如何区分感冒，流感，还是新冠肺炎?” 小心观察，一旦出现呼吸困难要立即就医 , 不要大意。
祝大家都是虚惊一场！
提醒 ：
预防容易忽略的三个地方
1） 邮件 要彻底消毒，才能看， 邮件如何消毒，314楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&page=32
2） 凉菜，生菜 ， 抗疫期间 尽量避免
3）加油站加油pump人人都用手拿的地方， 加油最好戴手套
好消息！
FDA连夜紧急批准非营利组织Battelle使用其新研制的设备为医院消毒防护用品。该设备日可消毒N95口罩8万个，也可用于消毒呼吸机配件等。该公司正将设备运往纽约，西雅图，华盛顿，D.C.，这批设备共可日消毒40万个N95口罩。俄亥俄州本地现有两台设备在Columbus and Beavercreek投入使用
https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2020/03/29/covid-19-fda-gives-full-ok-battelle-mask-sterilizing-technology/2938060001/
Abbott 公司五分钟测试已经收到FDA紧急情况使用授权，该公司R&D 的VP 说，4月一号开始将每天可供50，000份测试。 FDA现在授权仅限Lab & patient care settings 340楼
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-27/abbott-launches-5-minute-covid-19-test-for-use-almost-anywhere?from=timeline&isappinstalled=0
提醒 ：谨防落入卖药骗子陷阱 318楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&&page=32
北美新冠病例实例 355 楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&&page=36
典型症状:
“低烧、发冷和肌肉疼痛，胃口不佳，胸部轻微有压力感，类似跑步后的肺部用力过度的感觉。之后这种压力感一直有，头痛，潜意识里会不愿意深呼吸因为不舒服”
“干咳，发烧，持续的发烧38摄氏度以上，腹泻没有鼻涕和痰, 身体乏力酸痛，食欲减退，嗅觉和味觉也开始变得迟钝，心跳非常快，心率基本在90以上，好几次都有100+“
Gilead 主动向FDA要求取消其孤儿药资格， 并暂停Remdesivir同情用药，该公司宣称由于需求猛增，目前将专注于发送已经收到的申请吗，并同时开发一套系统，以让病人能用和现在差不多的时间得到该药。 对于孕妇和18岁以下人群，确诊并症状严重的，仍将同情给药。
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/health/gilead-coronavirus-orphan-drug.html
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/gilead-pauses-access-to-experimental-covid-19-drug-due-to-overwhelming-demand.html
张文宏医生和美国医生英文网络会议的 简单总结 336楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&&page=34
🔥 最新回帖
谢谢分享。很温馨的帖子😊
每个人都会害怕， 医院给医护人员设有新冠心理辅导专线就说明医护人员也有人害怕， 但是人类上万年一路走来，并不是单为了爬到食物链顶端吃肉，在无数艰难困苦，危难重重的时刻，总有人因为善良，正义，心中恪守的理想，高尚的品格，为了他人的幸福，或为了自己爱的人而迸发出巨大的勇气，战胜艰险，推动人类社会前进。
疫情虽然严重，还是有人做出了无数善举，捐钱，捐物的企业，主动帮社区老人购物的年轻人，给饭店服务生留几千块小费助其度过难关的客人，提供住宿的酒店，等等不胜枚举。相比之下，作为普通人，战胜自己的恐惧，保护好自己的免疫力感觉也不会太难，是不是？ 祝大家都能保持冷静，客观，积极锻炼，科学作息，加强营养，提高自身免疫，顺利度过疫情。
🛋️ 沙发板凳
New York
Individuals with symptoms who may have traveled toareas of concern or have been in contact with somebody who has traveled to these areas should call ahead to their health care provider before seeking treatment in person.
Health care providers determine whether a test should be done. Patients must meet the state’s criteriato be tested, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors.
New York state had 28 public and private labs conducting testing, as of March 13.
The state’s public health lab can complete a test in three to five hours.
For more information, call 1-888-364-3065 or visit the New York Department of Health’s website.
来自 Caffeine MM的补充： 在纽约可以去go health urgent care.他们是northwell health system的，是纽约州那个上周唯一的可测corona的实验室。但是纽约现在的标准是要有flu like symptoms才给测。建议没有症状或者轻症的把预约机会留给重症的人
Washington
Call your health care provider to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing.
Currently, there are no restrictions on who can be tested, however, it’s up to the provider to decide.
Sample collection is done at the provider’s office. Samples are then sent to facilities such as the Washington State Public Health Lab or the University of Washington Virology Lab for analysis.
Results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours. Turnaround time can be affected by demand.
For more information, read the Washington State Department of Health's medium article on testing or visit the department's coronavirus website.
California
Call your health care provider or local public health department to be evaluated for testing if you are symptomatic, may have had contact with a person with coronavirus, or recently traveled to countries that have community spread.
As of March 13, California had 18 public health labs testing for coronavirus, with three more expected to be offering tests by next week. There are some private labs testing as well, though the state is not tracking their testing data.
For a patient to be tested by a public health lab, their provider must contact the local public health department for approval and instructions.
Most test results are available within 48 to 72 hours.
For more coronavirus information, visit the California Department of Public Health’swebpage.
来自GEMMM的信息：看到这个新闻，如果你是Bay Area的Kaiser会员，Kaiser现在也有Drive Thru Testing，先要医生批准，然后开车过去，直接坐车里测。https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/kaiser-opens-drive-thru-coronavirus-testing-areas-2/2254425/
Link： https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/03/13/what-drive-up-coronavirus-testing-like-san-francisco/5046429002/
Officials at Kaiser Permanente in Northern California said their members who meet the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention criteria — and who have doctor's order — will be given appointments at the drive-up center, and more sites are expected to open in the coming weeks.
加洲testing在线筛选
https://www.projectbaseline.com/study/covid-19/
第一个问题你要选no才能继续直到testing ,如果选yes,居然不给测！真是神操作啊！
Are you currently experiencing severe cough, shortness of breath, fever, or other concerning symptoms?
弯曲实时动态： https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Coronavirus-live-updates-Bay-Area-California-cases-15100710.php?from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=0#photo-19147593
加州testing lab
New Jersey
Call your doctor or local health department to discuss whether you should be evaluated in person and considered for testing. Patients who don’t have a primary care doctor can call a federally qualified health center or emergency department.
To decide whether you need testing, providers refer to the CDC criteria, which evaluates a combination of symptoms and risk factors.
Specimens are tested by New Jersey’s Public Health and Environmental Laboratory and results are generally available within 24 to 48 hours.
Patients who don’t meet priority criteria can discuss testing at commercial labs with their provider.
For more coronavirus information, visit the New Jersey Department of Health’s website.
新泽西的测试有序， 本版MM分享的测新冠实例 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2522618&&page=1
如果你自己感觉需要检测， 你需要先打电话 1）给你的 Primary Care doctor， 就是你平时看的家庭医生
2）给你所在州的Health department 打电话，按指示求医， 电话可参考一楼和二楼的信息
3）你可以在此输入你的邮编，地址，查询可以去的医疗机构及检测实验室 Link： https://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/
根据目前的信息，80%的被感染人群是轻症，只有20%会转为重症，如果你只是轻症，尽量不要去医院，诊所等病毒容易聚集的地方，武汉悲剧的其中一个重要原因就是交叉感染引发医疗挤兑，最终导致医疗系统崩溃。
但是如果你认为你已经到了应该检测而医生却不检测，会导致你危及生命，请立即
1）Call 当地医院ER，911
2）联系当地各种媒体，在twitter，本贴发帖求助，不要等到严重而无法救治的时候。
每个人都有争取生存的权力， 每个生命都值得尊重！
如何判断是否重症
来自xinlaideMM：
中国对轻症/重症等定义在第七版里明确写得很清楚
但是美国医院，什么是轻症，什么是重症，我不是十分清楚
不知道版上有没有医护人员能帮忙解释一下
美国重症标准:
>1 of the following
RR>30/min
Q2 sat < 93%
Pa02/Fi02<300
Radiographic evidence of lung infiltrates
美国CDC对普通民众的重症预警
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
If you develop emergency warning signs for COVID-19 get medical attention immediately. Emergency warning signs include*:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
New confusion or inability to arouse
Bluish lips or face
*This list is not all inclusive. Please consult your medical provider for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning.
如何读取准确的体温？ 电梯 267楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&forumpage=1&page=27#83217640
根据1月15号武汉同济医院收治的儿童病人的研究发现，六位年龄从一岁到七岁不等的新冠感染儿童患者均有中到重症，这些儿童的家庭成员无人有武汉海鲜市场直接接触史，所有六个孩子患病之前都完全健康,
六个家庭分布在离武汉市中心24公里的范围。所以家长还是要小心，小孩并不都是轻症！！！
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2003717
如何区分感冒，流感，还是新冠肺炎? 有讨论 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2521155&page=1
****** 先声明： 以下个人总结的建议仅供参考，如有需要请咨询专业人士或前往医疗机构就医 ******
最近几天确诊人数飙升，又是感冒流感季节，尤其医生在症状不明显不给检测的的情况下，如何区分症状自我诊断是否新冠，对及时采取措施变得非常重要，根据各种报道和病例，我把他们的各种症状及区别做成一张表格，希望能对因为这些症状而担心的人有所帮助。
几个主要区分点
[list=1]
第七天
根据这个表，我们可以看出尽管新冠初期的症状和感冒，流感类似，但是在时间的区别上还是很明显的。感冒在第五天时各种症状应该已经很明显地好转，流感在第六到第七天地时候也应该症状减轻，高烧减退，所以观察自己在前六，七天的反应至关重要。
第七天， 如果自我感觉没有任何好转迹象，并且开始恶化，就要想办法及时就医。
2. 发烧温度 37.3摄氏度以上都要注意自我观察，感冒一般低于38 摄氏度，流感高烧虽然39-40摄氏度，但是第六，第七天应该开始好转，如果没有，就要考虑新冠的可能性。
3. 食欲 通过自己感觉是否缺乏食欲，有食欲，大概率是感冒，如果食欲不好而且高烧到第六，七天不退，可以排除流感，重点考虑新冠
4. 从症状所占比列来看，发烧，干咳，乏力，咳痰，为排名前四的新冠主要症状，如果你打喷嚏流鼻涕较多，主要集中在上呼吸道，同时不管低烧，高烧从第五，第六天开始消退，大概率是感冒。 5. 胸闷气短 和全身 肌肉关节痛，流感和新冠都有， 但是流感起病急，来势汹汹，新冠则开始象感冒一样比较缓慢，自己应该能感觉到。再结合第七天的区别，就大致能够自我辨别出是流感还是新冠了。 注意，胸闷不代表就是新冠，情绪紧张，高血压，心脏病皆有可能造成胸闷气短， 所以要结合是否有呼吸系统的既往病史，是否情绪过于紧张，是否因为血压升高，心脏难受等愿因， 如果这些都能排除,而且有可能接触过病毒，那就要考虑新冠。
6. 腹泻其实占比例很少，仅3.7%， 如果腹泻，可以先停止食用油腻食物，减少肠胃负担，清淡饮食两天后观察，是否能有所改善，一般腹泻减轻，应该不是新冠，如果持续，再辅助是否发烧，症状轻重缓急，病症先缓后急，高烧不退，就要考虑新冠。
7. 从开始就持续不断地干咳，外加第六，第七天高烧不退，结合病症缓急 + 第七天是否恶化+呼吸是否急促，都可以判断出来。如果这几项都满足，就要警惕新冠 总之，自我诊断，不要仅凭一，两条症状下结论，要考虑是否有各种其他诱因，是否有接触史，症状和时间，轻重缓急多个方面比较，会对自我正确诊断有帮助。
希望大家也能分享一下自己的经验。 虽然敲这么多中文很费时间，但我还是衷心祝愿大家都用不上。
如何预防新冠病毒？ 272楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&&page=28
如何正确洗手? 331楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&page=34
留美醫學教授黃建中先生的预防建议 280楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&&page=28
2019冠状病毒病：传言和事实 273 楼 https://www.who.int/zh/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters
病急乱投医，不良商家总是会利用人们的恐慌心理赚黑心钱，大家不要上当，以下是被FDA打假的公司，
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-update-fda-and-ftc-warn-seven-companies-selling-fraudulent-products-claim-treat-or
Vital Silver,
Quinessence Aromatherapy Ltd.,
Xephyr, LLC doing business as N-Ergetics,
GuruNanda, LLC,
Vivify Holistic Clinic,
Herbal Amy LLC,
The Jim Bakker Show
中国： 首当其冲“双黄连”
联邦贸易委员会提醒民众小心新冠疫情中上当受骗：
https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/blog/2020/02/coronavirus-scammers-follow-headlines
简单总结下，
1. 不要乱点不明邮件中的Link
2. 直接到CDC WHO 网站上 查询信息， 我再加一个，当地的卫生部网站
3. 不要相信任何有关新冠的 “突破性进展” ， 现在有证据支持或在双盲试验的药都已经列在自救贴里
4.认真研究确认那些慈善机构或众筹网站后再捐
5. SEC警告大众，要小心那些被吹捧可以治疗新冠肺炎的药品制造商的各种投资陷阱 https://www.sec.gov/oiea/investor-alerts-and-bulletins/ia_coronavirus
阿里的全球新冠肺炎实战共享平台（Global MediXchange for Combating COVID-19 - 简称GMCC）， 公布了中，英 文版《新冠肺炎防治手册》，是浙江大学医学院附属第一医院一线医务工作者积累的防控及临床救治经验
中文版 https://www.alibabacloud.com/zh/universal-service/pdf_reader?pdf=Handbook_of_COVID_19_Prevention_zh_Moblie.pdf
英文版 https://www.alibabacloud.com/zh/universal-service/pdf_reader?spm=a3c0i.14138300.8102420620.dreadnow.16797c8eePsc4c&cdnorigin=video-intl&pdf=Read%20Online-Handbook%20of%20COVID-19%20Prevention%20and%20Treatment.pdf
美国医院现在治疗情况
对已确诊阳性的 1） 发烧37.5 摄氏度以下，咳嗽，年龄小于60以下，无基础病 （慢性障碍性肺病,糖尿病，心脏病，肺病，免疫抑制,怀孕）或者无影像证据的，不给用药，主要医疗观察+支持护理 2） 年龄大于60, 有基础病 （慢性障碍性肺病,糖尿病，心脏病，肺病，免疫抑制,怀孕）或发烧38摄氏度以上, 轻到中症，给用硫酸羟基氯喹，但是用量没有中国医生那么激进，400mgBID on day 1, then 200mg BID x4 days, 同时搭配阿奇霉素，及其他强心剂等 3） Remdesivir,Companionate use, 人民的希望，可以同情用药如果病人符合条件并自己要求，要填很多表格，免责文件。
重症
根据从上海驰援武汉的复旦大学附属中山医院医疗队领队朱畴文医生的谈话，“可以说新冠没有特效药。” "我是西医，从临床研究的角度来讲，我是推崇RCT的。现在说起来，严格执行RCT的就一个药，就是瑞德西韦，但他有双盲的，4月底才揭盲。"
Link： https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/urBnuGcECw0gha6fTjPgCQ
RCT，全称Randomized Controlled Trial（随机对照试验）是一种对医疗卫生服务中的某种疗法或药物的效果进行检测的手段，特别常用于医学、药学、护理学研究中，在司法、教育、社会科学等其他领域也有所应用。基本方法是，将研究对象随机分组，对不同组实施不同的干预，以对照效果的不同。Link： https://baike.baidu.com/item/RCT
他是亲临一线救治重症病人的医生，西医。我本人相信中医有西医所不具备的优点，但在应对新冠这种烈性传染病的重症病人时还是要小心求证，谨慎用药。作为一般没有医学背景的普通在美华人，我们还是应该对任何推荐的处方用药持谨慎态度，如果不幸新冠，自己之前吃过美国医生无法确认的药物，会对他/她的诊断用药有一定干扰，甚至可能因此延误治疗。 我会把现在国内已知的用药方案贴出来，仅供参考和交流，不推荐自己买药用药。
轻症
美国医生： 根据目前看到的就诊病人自述，基本当感冒治，不开药，或开流感药（Tamiflu），要求病人回家自我隔离
中国医生： 集体收治隔离，中西搭配： 西药- 监酸莫西沙星片（抗生素）+ 头孢地尼胶囊（抗生素）+ 左氧氟沙星片（抗流感药）+ 磷酸奥司他韦胶囊（特敏福药）； 中药 - 莲花清瘟胶囊 + 复方甘草片 + 新冠病毒感染肺炎2号方
不过，央视曾报导过“复方甘草片”的缺点，包括易成瘾、过量服用会抑压中枢神经、加重肝肾负担。
Link： https://www.douban.com/group/topic/164543368/
国家卫健委的中药“二号方”成份包括： 生黄芪10克、炒白术10克、防风10克、贯众10克、金银花10克、佩兰10克、陈皮6克，煎服，每日一付，分2次，疗程7至10日。方舱医院病人需在早晚饭后40分钟，各服一次。
https://twitter.com/caolei1/status/1225423746455859201
用药
现在已知真正已经用于临床治疗新冠肺炎的药有以下几种，
Remdesivir “人民的希望“， 美国已经开始同情用药，同时开展了在美国本土的第三期临床试验 Link: https://www.contractpharma.com/contents/view_breaking-news/2020-03-13/gileads-remdesivir-shows-promise-in-covid-19/ Gilead has initiated two Phase III trials to evaluate thesafety and efficacy of remdesivir in adults diagnosed with COVID-19 followingthe U.S. FDA’s rapid review and acceptance of Gilead’s investigational INDfiling.
首批12个病人的临床试验初步结果显示,所有三个使用Remdesivir的三位病人全部康复，但是有胃肠不适症状，并且血液中转氨酶升高.https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/early-results-dampen-outlook-for-experimental-covid-19-treatment-2020-03-14 All three patients treated with remdesivir recovered, butthey also reported significant gastrointestinal symptoms. Investigators alsonoticed elevated liver enzyme levels in their blood samples.
Chloroquine 氯奎(疟疾的特效药之一种),临床实用70多年，相对安全，但要遵医嘱，因为用药不慎会导致视网膜永久性损伤，不可逆。而且不能用于12岁以下儿童。 德国byer 将捐赠3百万粒氯喹给美国政府用以扩大临床试验https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/20/hospitals-doctors-are-wiping-out-supplies-an-unproven-coronavirus-treatment/
Lopinavirand ritonavir 就是克力芝（Kaletra），洛匹那韦与利托那韦组成的复方制剂。 Kaletra旗下的HIV药物，韩国结合两种药物，有效降低了一位54岁男性的病毒水平,
3月18日发表在新英格兰医学杂志上的论文 “A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19” ，根据199个临床试验病人中，94个给药病人与其他普通护理治疗病人相比，并无用药后改善的结果，证明克力芝基本对新冠重症无效。 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2001282?query=TOC
APN01 在中国进行的第三期临床试验，将用血管紧张素转换酶2 (rhACE2)治疗24位新冠病人， https://pipelinereview.com/index.php/2020022673884/Proteins-and-Peptides/APEIRONs-respiratory-drug-product-to-start-pilot-clinical-trial-to-treat-coronavirus-disease-COVID-19-in-China.html
Favilavir 法维拉韦又称 “法匹拉韦“ 台湾完成由日本富山化工制药公司开发的Favilavir法维拉维 , 该药被日本和中国用于治疗重症患者。
Ephedrine
来自 abby_surfMM：
Dr. Ai Fen, director of Wuhan Central Hospital's emergency department, was the first doctor to alert other colleagues about a SARS-like disease in Wuhan.
several of her colleagues died from the coronavirus when treating patients in ER. She has asthma, and uses spray. She thinks the spray helped her to prevent inhaling the virus or has substance that helped her not to get contracted.
武汉疫情发哨子的人——艾芬- Gnews
接到武汉市中心医院急诊科主任艾芬同意采访的短信是3月1日凌晨5点，大约半 ... “我自己分析了一下，可能是因为我本身有哮喘，在用一些吸入性的激素，可能会抑制这些病毒在肺内沉积”
https://gnews.org/zh-hans/139162/
Ephedrine is used for temporary relief of shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheezing due to bronchial asthma. ... Ephedrine is a decongestant and bronchodilator. It works by reducing swelling and constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages and widening the lung airways, allowing you to breathe more easily
https://www.drugs.com/ephedrine.html
Hydroxychloroquine 结合azithromycin （Nivaquine和Plaquenil旗下产品）
最近法国生物学家Didier Raoult及其团队的一项临床试验结果证明硫酸羟氯喹和阿奇霉素合用效果明显， 但是该实验仅有36人，其中16人未给药，14人轻症只给硫酸羟氯喹，只有六人有下呼吸道症状，是同时两种药物使用，该六人均转阴，平均时间约4天半，其他两个对照组均有没有转阴的，具体见下图
原法文新闻： https://www.marianne.net/politique/de-marseille-fox-news-comment-les-essais-de-didier-raoult-sur-la-chloroquine-ont-convaincu
研究发表的论文： https://www.mediterranee-infection.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Hydroxychloroquine_final_DOI_IJAA.pdf
联合用药的六人给药量：hydroxychloroquine sulfate 200 mg, three times per day during ten days + azithromycin 500mg on day1 followed by 250mg per day, the next four days
CDC的Fauci博士说因试验支持不够充分，尚未批准。https://www.vox.com/2020/3/20/21188433/coronavirus-hydroxychloroquine-chloroquine-covid-19-treatment
另 University of Minnesota 也在开展硫酸羟氯喹的临床试验，全世界现在有六个有关硫酸羟氯喹的临床试验在同时进行，希望给FDA足够大的pool可以批准这个已经临床应用几十年，且价格低廉的药。U of A 同时在开展另一种治疗高血压的药“LOSARTON“ 寄希望于此药可以阻止coronavirus进一步发展。https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/covid19-clinical-trials-launch-at-u-of-m/89-e81f214f-2df5-4e09-beca-46d4c94c741c
注意： 硫酸羟氯喹也有类似氯喹的副作用，只不过更轻一些，治疗新冠肺炎的患者，用药前必须心电图检查正常，禁止同时使用喹诺酮类、大环内酯类抗生素及其他可能导致QT间期延长的药物，个人服用还是应该要遵医嘱，另外阿奇霉素用药不当更加容易导致死亡，对阿奇霉素、红霉素、其他大环内脂类或酮内酯类药物（如泰利霉素、喹红霉素）过敏者，肝功能不全患者，QT间期延长的患者及对阿奇霉素过敏者一律禁用！重症肌无力者也要尽量不用。 阿奇霉素和其他药物同时用药也极容易造成毒性增强，疗效降低的后果，所以大家千万不要动不动就擅自用药，在现在临床效果尚不具备推广意义的前提下，无医嘱擅自用这两种药物组合风险极大。切记！！！
关于World Health Organization 说不让用ibuprofen 的情况，在法国卫生部长根据发表于柳叶刀的一篇文章提醒用ibuprofen会加重新冠肺炎后，WHO确实曾经警告过，新冠患者应该避免用ibuprofen。 但是WHO随后有发tweeter收回，声称现在没有足够证据证明的情况下，WHO并不建议对新冠病人停用ibupro。 见下图
https://www.sciencealert.com/who-recommends-to-avoid-taking-ibuprofen-for-covid-19-symptoms
Original (18 March 2020): The World Health Organization recommended Tuesday that people suffering COVID-19 symptoms avoid taking ibuprofen, after French officials warned that anti-inflammatory drugs could worsen effects of the virus.
The warning by French Health Minister Olivier Veran followed a recent study in The Lancet medical journal that hypothesised that an enzyme boosted by anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen could facilitate and worsen COVID-19 infections.
Since the publication of this article, the World Health Organization has updated its advice on the official Twitter account: "Based on currently available information, WHO does not recommend against the use of ibuprofen."
对普通大众来说，鉴于WHO这次Pandemic的表现，建议MM们还是慎用， 最重要的不要混用，Motrin，Advil，Nuprin 是一卦的，用了泰诺（Acetaminophen为主），就不要碰其他三种了。
电梯： 293 到295 楼 https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2518821&forumpage=1&page=30#83241006
但是美国医院，什么是轻症，什么是重症，我不是十分清楚
不知道版上有没有医护人员能帮忙解释一下
楼主你大大的赞！楼主好人，保佑你一家老小平平安安！
我收藏了，会经常过来看。
好人一生平安
楼主你大大的赞！
自救马克
其实美国很多医生和国内医生有交流， 但是限于客观条件，比如用药，就不可能和中国一样，各国法规不同， 美国FDA对用药更严格一些。