我家两个月前刚闹过虫子，当时ld身上一百来个包，但都还没抓到过虫子。你这个真是太严重了。。。如果是租的房子的话还是搬家吧。如果是买的房子还是先叫狗吧， identify the problem先。然后热处理。硅藻土我们试过效果不好，而且搞得家里特别麻烦。如果家里有宝宝的话还是先出去住一个月，别让宝宝被咬。要穿的衣服全部高温烘一遍。Amazon上还有床的cover也很有用。祝lz好运，这东西特别难死。要是还需要 什么建议可以pm我，我们可以再讨论讨论看看有没有什么可以信息能够提供的。
Sleep tight! Bed bugs rely on chemical cues to locate and arrest in safe shelters. This aggregation pheromone comprises five volatile components (dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-hexanone) that attract bed bugs, and one less-volatile component (histamine) that causes their arrestment upon contact. This blend is highly effective at luring bed bugs into traps in infested premises.
In summary, we have determined that the bed bug aggregation pheromone comprises a unique blend of oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing components. The five volatile components and the less volatile arrestant histamine synergistically mediate both attraction and arrestment of bed bugs. Of note, the total chemical cost of the aggregation pheromone employed effectively in residential apartments was less than 10 cents per lure, suggesting that this lure may significantly impact future directions in detection and possibly control of bed bug infestations. This affordable technology may also remove socioeconomic barriers that presently prevent bed bug monitoring in many urban settings.
Paper without figures
Bed Bug Aggregation Pheromone Finally Identified
Authors
Regine Gries,Prof. Robert Britton, Michael Holmes,Huimin Zhai,Jason Draper, Prof. Gerhard Gries
First published: 21 December 2014Full publication history DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409890View/save citation Cited by: 0 articles last updated 09 January 2015 Funding Information
Bed bugs have become a global epidemic and current detection tools are poorly suited for routine surveillance. Despite intense research on bed bug aggregation behavior and the aggregation pheromone, which could be used as a chemical lure, the complete composition of this pheromone has thus far proven elusive. Here, we report that the bed bug aggregation pheromone comprises five volatile components (dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-hexanone), which attract bed bugs to safe shelters, and one less-volatile component (histamine), which causes their arrestment upon contact. In infested premises, a blend of all six components is highly effective at luring bed bugs into traps. The trapping of juvenile and adult bed bugs, with or without recent blood meals, provides strong evidence that this unique pheromone bait could become an effective and inexpensive tool for bed bug detection and potentially their control.
Owing to modern hygienic measures and the common use of insecticides, bed bugs had nearly vanished in many countries in the last century.1,2 However, over the past 15 years, common bed bugs, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), “have re-emerged in increasing numbers, distribution, and intensity of infestation”.1 During the first decade of the 21st century alone, the number of bed bug bite injuries treated in emergency rooms in the United States rose from 21 to 15 945.3 Indeed, bed bugs have become a global epidemic. Their resurgence may be attributed to a rise in travel and sales of used furnishings, adjustments in pest-control tactics,1 and the development of insecticide resistance.4, 5 Because bed bug infestations have severe adverse effects on the human host, causing diverse dermal reactions, emotional distress, and paranoia,1, 6–8 their rapid detection is paramount. Unfortunately, current bed bug monitoring tools are poorly suited for routine surveillance,1 in part because the human host cues (CO2, heat, scent) they deploy are technically challenging or expensive. The cost of bed bug treatment is a particular concern for disadvantaged or low-income people who are disproportionately impacted by infestations, and often serve as reservoirs for further insect spread.9 Thus, although well more than 500 million USD are spent annually on bed bug management,9 there is no economic and effective tool for detecting the presence of bed bugs. Furthermore, despite intense research10 on bed bug olfaction and behavior, and on the aggregation pheromone itself, which could be used as a chemical lure, the composition of the complete pheromone blend has proven elusive. Specifically, a missing “contact” pheromone component has been linked to the failure of existing pheromone lures in field studies.10h Here, we report the isolation and structural characterization of the bed bug aggregation pheromone blend, and the potential for developing it as an effective and inexpensive tool for the detection and possibly the control of bed bug infestations.
Our initial search for the bed bug aggregation pheromone focused on bed bug exuviae (cuticle shed during moulting) and feces, which are both present in natural bed bug shelters and have been associated with arrestment behavior. 10f To narrow in on the aggregation pheromone, we designed two-choice ( treatment vs. control), single-insect olfactometer experiments11 that allowed rapid observations of bed bug responses to various test stimuli. Using these olfactometer assays, we found that both fresh and aged exuviae trigger bed bug arrestment, and that physical contact with the exuviae is required for arrestment behavior (Figure 1 a).11 Together, these results indicate that the active component is not volatile, and instead is sensed by bed bugs only upon contact. In order to isolate sufficient amounts of the pheromone for characterization purposes, we extracted over 18 000 shed bed bug exuviae with organic solvents of increasing polarity. Of these, only the methanol extract induced arrestment (Figure 1 b).11 Likewise, only the methanol extract of a large collection of bed bug feces was active in olfactometer bioassays, indicating that the arrestant pheromone was common to both the exuviae and feces, and that it was a polar molecule that had thus far evaded detection because of its atypical pheromonal properties. Analysis of the 1H NMR spectra acquired on bioactive methanol extracts showed the presence of amino acids (valine, alanine), histamine, N-acetylglucosamine, dimethylaminoethanol, and 3-hydroxy- kynurenine O-sulfate (Figure 1 c). Further, we noted that crude methanol extracts and normal-phase flash chromatography fractions of these extracts containing the largest amounts of histamine and dimethylaminoethanol elicited the strongest arrestment responses, suggesting that one or both of these compounds are the key pheromone component(s). When we tested authentic samples of dimethylaminoethanol and histamine at concentrations similar to those found in feces and shed cuticles (20 μg/ assay), we found that only histamine as a free base (not as a salt) induced the arrestant behavior.11 It is noteworthy that the presence of histamine in both bed bug feces and shed cuticle may signal the metabolism of host blood nutrients and thus host presence, and a safe haven for moulting, a vulnerable stage in the life cycle of bed bugs.
While histamine clearly plays an important role as the arrestant pheromone, there was no arrestment behavior when we suspended samples of histamine out of the reach of bed bugs in olfactometer bioassays.11 This result is not surprising, considering the low volatility of histamine (bp>200 °C), and inspired us to search for additional volatile attractive pheromone components. Previously,10h we identified a ten-component blend of attractive volatiles from the headspace of bed bug colonies containing nymphs, adults, feces, and eggs. This blend was effective in the laboratory, but not in the field. Here, we focused on feces alone as the now proven aggregation pheromone source. To enhance volatile release from dry bed bug feces, we heated (90 °C) feces-stained filter paper and analyzed the collected volatiles by GC-MS. Theses analyses resulted in the identification of a complex blend of 15 oxygen- or sulphur-containing components. As depicted in Figure 2, the blend included six aldehydes (butanal, pentanal, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, benzaldehyde), one alcohol (benzyl alcohol), three ketones (2-hexanone, acetophenone, verbenone), three esters (methyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, pentyl hexanoate) and two sulfides ( dimethyldisulfide (DMDS), dimethyltrisulfide (DMTS)). Furthermore, an authentic blend containing less than 4 μg of each component was capable of attracting bed bugs in olfactometer experiments.11 In order to determine the essential component(s) of this blend, we tested the response of bed bugs to the complete blend and to partial blends that lacked either groups of related organic chemicals (e.g., esters or aldehydes) or specific individual components.11 Following several iterative rounds of compound deletions, we found that the essential attractive volatile pheromone components (VPCs) in bed bug feces consist of a blend of DMDS, DMTS, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, and 2-hexanone. While the VPCs include the two previously known alarm and aggregation pheromone components (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal,12, 10h the sulfides and 2-hexanone represent new VPCs for bed bugs.
To tease apart the effects of the VPCs and histamine on attraction and arrestment behavior of bed bugs, we repeated our experiments in large bioassay arenas that better reflect the more spacious nature of bed bug habitats. Test stimuli consisted of corrugated cardboard shelters that we baited with histamine, the VPCs, or both, or that we left unbaited (controls). Remarkably, shelters baited with both the VPCs and histamine invariably “captured” nearly all of the bed bugs tested (Figure 3 a). In contrast, partial blends containing only the VPCs or histamine were less effective. When we offered bed bugs a choice between histamine- or VPC- baited shelters, bed bugs preferred the former, and when we offered a choice between a histamine-baited shelter or a shelter baited with both histamine and VPCs, bed bugs preferred the latter. Thus, the highly mobile bed bugs are attracted to the VPCs, but adopt a shelter only if histamine is present. In turn, if bed bugs encounter histamine in a shelter with or without VPCs, they adopt that shelter. Together, these results reveal an amazing synergism between the attractive VPCs and the histamine arrestant, which are likely sensed by different types of receptors13, 14 on separate segments of the bed bugs’ antennae.10c
To determine whether the synthetic pheromone lure was also effective in premises infested with bed bugs, where many competing attractants are present and previously reported pheromone blends10h failed to attract bed bugs, we repeated the trapping experiments in a heavily infested residential apartment. Experimental replicates consisted of paired corrugated cardboard shelter traps placed against a wall or furniture, with 30 cm spacing between paired traps and more than 1 m spacing between pairs. Within each pair, we randomly baited one trap with either the complete pheromone blend (VPCs and histamine) or a partial pheromone blend (VPCs or histamine), and kept the other trap unbaited. As highlighted in Figure 3 b, traps baited with the complete synthetic pheromone blend “captured” 4.5 times more bed bugs than unbaited control traps, whereas traps baited with the VPCs captured only 2.2 times more bed bugs than control traps. In a second set of two concurrently run experiments, shelter traps baited with the complete synthetic pheromone blend captured 6.7 times more bed bugs than control traps, whereas traps baited with histamine captured only 1.3 times more bed bugs than control traps. Large captures of bed bugs only in traps baited with the complete synthetic pheromone confirm the synergism between the VPCs, which attract bed bugs, and histamine, which causes their arrestment on contact.
During the course of the field studies, we found that the pheromone-baited shelter traps contained all five nymphal instars (fed and non-fed) as well as adult males and females (fed and non-fed). These data show that the synthetic pheromone attracts and retains bed bugs irrespective of their developmental stage, gender, or physiological condition, as does the natural aggregation pheromone.10c Pheromone-baited shelter traps were also effective in residential apartments with light to moderate bed bug infestations. In all apartments where at least one live bed bug was observed during careful inspection of bedding, mattresses, and furniture, at least one bed bug was captured. Remarkably, of the 27 bed bugs captured in these apartments, 26 were in the pheromone-baited traps.
The functional role of DMDS and DMTS as bed bug pheromone components seems surprising, given that they are common semiochemicals15, 16 and linked to bacterial decomposition of organic material.17 Nevertheless, behavioral bioassay data showing that synthetic pheromone blends without these sulfides fail to attract bed bugs,11 and electrophysiological data showing that specific olfactory sensilla on the bed bugs’ antennae respond to DMDS and DMTS,13 provide integral support for the conclusion that DMDS and DMTS are part of the bed bug aggregation pheromone. The known alarm pheromones12 (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal as additional components then impart “bed bug specificity” to the pheromone blend. The bifunctional nature of these aldehydes as repellents at high concentration12 and attractants at low concentration10h is reminiscent of bifunctional pheromones in stink bugs18 and bark beetles,19 where pheromone concentration determines attractive or repellent activity.
The biosyntheses of DMDS, DMTS, 2-hexanone, and histamine may be linked to the bed bugs’ diet of human blood, which contains the amino acids histidine and methionine.20 These could serve as biosynthetic precursors for histamine as well as DMDS and DMTS, respectively.21 Similarly, free fatty acids in human blood20 could be converted to 2-hexanone through a few well- established biosynthetic steps, as shown for other methyl ketone pheromones.22 Predicting that bed bugs may alternatively acquire histamine from the immunological response of fed-on human hosts, we searched for, but did not detect, histamine in human blood withdrawn from bed bugs just after their blood meal. It follows that bed bugs produce histamine de novo or through decarboxylation of the host-derived amino acid histidine.
In light of the striking synergism between the attractive and arrestant components of the bed bug aggregation pheromone (Figure 3), access to the arrestant must be considered in the design of commercial pheromone lures and traps. Because histamine-impregnated shelters are capable of retaining the bed bugs that have entered, there is no longer a need for the commonly used sticky traps for bed bug capture. In fact, sticky trap surfaces would prevent bed bugs from reaching the histamine arrestant and thus interfere with optimal capture of bed bugs. This expectation was confirmed when pheromone-baited shelters were tested with or without an adhesive-coated perimeter, the latter capturing significantly more bed bugs.23
In summary, we have determined that the bed bug aggregation pheromone comprises a unique blend of oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing components. The five volatile components and the less volatile arrestant histamine synergistically mediate both attraction and arrestment of bed bugs. Of note, the total chemical cost of the aggregation pheromone employed effectively in residential apartments was less than 10 cents per lure, suggesting that this lure may significantly impact future directions in detection and possibly control of bed bug infestations. This affordable technology may also remove socioeconomic barriers that presently prevent bed bug monitoring in many urban settings.
去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
。
两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，3mm
长，或如针尖细小，从来没有看到血迹）连我自己都怀疑是不是bedbug. 但看看我身上的包，痒，轻轻一抓，一个血口子就出来了。有的包没有血口子，但有白色突起。晚上一关灯，身上一痒，主要在肚皮处，一抓，开灯一看，哇，又一个血口子。我试验过，在正常皮肤上抓，是不会出现血口子的。这分明就是吸血的小虫。
看到红褐色的小点，在床单下面，看到红色的小壳。我在国内家里也看到了这些。在国内咬得口子更大，大概因为温度高而湿润，小虫活动强。
真不知该怎么办了。钱也花了不少，问题一点没解决。
硅藻土，好像也不能根除，而且弄得家里乱。
请大家给支招吧。我在中西部，晒太阳啥根本不合适。
用过strip，没用，至少对我的电脑没有。手提电脑里也有，是如针尖般或略大的红色
小虫。
以前看到过3mm褐色小虫，掐死过，这一年里再没看到大的。
双面胶也用处不大。硅藻土有效，但不能根除。
难道我要天天斗虫？我要的是根除。我的业余时间都用在这上面了。
大家觉得用狗，热处理的如何？ 尽管没什么钱，为了了却烦恼，我准备豁出去了，但
不希望又是浪费钱。
先贴虫子相片， 确认是 bed bug.
楼主自己看：美国留学生租房大忌：Bedbug的介绍和整治办法
http://www.moonbbs.com/thread-3346-1-1.html
如果虫害已经很严重了，就得搬家。能扔的杂物尽量扔，不能把虫子带进去。如果有时间慢慢搬，也有办法保住大部分家当：
所有衣物床单封闭好，高温洗。 床垫如果详细检查没有虫子，放外面晒几天再搬进去。
所有家具的内外表面全部检查一遍，往缝隙里面喷药。 晒一天，再搬进去。
所有书和纸质资料，翻开检查有没有虫子。纸箱的底要拆开看。
箱子内侧可以大略喷一下药，干了再往里面放东西。杀虫药一般可以残留几个月。
搬进去的东西，先放在一处，不要马上摆放好。当晚如果发现有虫子爬出来，马上把那天搬进来的东西搬出去再检查一遍。把那处的地vacuum一遍。
建议用thermal remediation, 我家就曾经有过，经过两次处理之后没再出现, 对付这
小东西很烦，如果发现，可以用tape沾住，沙虫公司可以鉴定
听着好恐怖，你小baby没被咬吧？
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
楼主，我也有过类似的经历，很同情你。根据我的经验，喷药不管用，因为虫子巢穴在缝里，还会产卵，还会长时间休眠，无法根除。我只知道一种根除的办法。就是有一种白色的粉末，叫bedbug powder，网上有几家，成分都一样，很便宜，30多块一瓶，买
回来洒在所有墙边，角落里和虫子经过的地方，例如床的周围，抽屉里面，箱子里面。。。然后静静等待3个月。。。
这个东西本身是没有毒性的，可以吃，但是是细小粉末，所以还是不要吸入太多。这段时间家里也不能扬灰啊什么的。原理是虫子沾上粉末以后，体表油脂会被吸走，过会就死了，但是有一个延迟性，所以虫子会把粉末带回巢穴，所以能够根除。因为是这个原理，所以有个过程，你要等3、4个月，因为要等到巢穴里面所有没死的卵都孵化出来，跑出来沾过粉了，而且巢穴里面有足够的粉了，那才能根除。
这里是一个链接，但是只要成分相同，其他地方买也行。http://www.bedbugpowder.com/home.php
还有，其实只要薄薄一层就行，你可以花10块买个喷的东西，这样可以节约点粉（对你的呼吸也好些），不用太多。
最后，不要抱什么幻想，虫子大部分时候肉眼都看不到，你能看到，说明已经比较严重了。。。
家里也闹过虫，去药店买了硫磺撒地上。身上的伤用lansinoh 制好的，般到有木地板
的地方，好清理。十分同情
【 在 CitiAA (会飞的信用卡) 的大作中提到: 】
: 建议用thermal remediation, 我家就曾经有过，经过两次处理之后没再出现, 对付这
: 小东西很烦，如果发现，可以用tape沾住，沙虫公司可以鉴定
我家两个月前刚闹过虫子，当时ld身上一百来个包，但都还没抓到过虫子。你这个真是太严重了。。。如果是租的房子的话还是搬家吧。如果是买的房子还是先叫狗吧，
identify the problem先。然后热处理。硅藻土我们试过效果不好，而且搞得家里特别麻烦。如果家里有宝宝的话还是先出去住一个月，别让宝宝被咬。要穿的衣服全部高温烘一遍。Amazon上还有床的cover也很有用。祝lz好运，这东西特别难死。要是还需要
什么建议可以pm我，我们可以再讨论讨论看看有没有什么可以信息能够提供的。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
似乎你是租房？法律上房东是要管杀虫的。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
这东西不好杀，勤洗洗床单被罩什么的，或许会好一些
买新床垫，旧的扔掉，然后没放上床之前先用保鲜膜和透明胶包住，再放床单，床脚四周一定要用增高然后双面胶伺候，至少睡觉问题先解决，然后再慢慢处理其他地方
我们家闹过一阵， 不过没有你说的那么凶, 我们只在床上发现。
1) 在amazon上买的专门访bedbug的床罩，全封闭。
2) 我们加当时有小婴儿，不敢用药，就用酒精在床柱子上和缝隙喷（买的厨房用的喷
壶walmart).
3) 把所有床上用品用高温洗，高温烘干至少一个小时。
4）晚上睡觉衣服当然也高温烘干。
5） 床脚放了那种粘衣服灰的双面胶（costco 滚筒型的）
总之保证床是干净的。 我们折腾了一次就好了。 主要是封闭床。 你的电脑不用的时
候估计也的用塑料袋封好。
bedbug在全封闭的状态下 好像要一年时间才能死。
BEDBUG是无敌的，床单东西全扔，换地方住，尽量不要找地毯的，要舍得起扔，不要吝啬那点钱，啥POWDER也是没用的，这个东西用95%无水酒精（沃尔玛有）喷了立马腌菜
多说一句，上面有不少人说洗床单搬家。根据我的经验用处不大的，如果成功的话，是运气好。原因如下。
这个东西一个是看种群大小，二是看时间长短和分布范围。如果刚刚发生，是别人带来的，那时候虫子数量比较少还集中在同一处，那你洗一次，或者扔一些东西，刚好搞定了，那就好。但是只要时间稍微长一点，你的私人物品啊书啊箱子啊衣服啊里面都有虫卵了，那洗床单搬家根本没用。根据你的描述，你斗争了这么久，早过了那个阶段了。所以你现在最有用还是撒powder，然后你要把你家的箱子抽屉书衣服全都敞开了拿出来，欢迎虫子们孵化在你家闲逛，沾上粉，这样过段时间就根除了。粉要撒到每个地方（所以那个喷的东西很有用，只要薄薄一层，肉眼勉强能看见，撒多了很多地方比如衣服啊什么你不舍得撒，而且覆盖面积要大，用手很难达到这个效果）。如果你有什么可能有虫卵的地方没打开，对不起，你其实就是在养虫子等它复活。。。
我以前深受其害，所以搬家坚决拆掉所有地毯。
bedbug除了敌敌畏就怕热，另外它们靠二氧化碳找方向。
织物衣服放车里在阳光下暴晒，
除了硅藻土网上还有organic的各种喷雾kit，
另外可以用狗食盆，婴儿粉（矿物粉），干冰做一个bedbug trap，
出去俩礼拜饿它们一阵子，再用可以抓很多。
还有就是蒸汽拖地，喷沙发，喷各种缝隙。
Mark
不知道是不是同一种 但是我用的也是白色粉末 好用 用人当诱饵 当时把床扔了 用的
气垫床
【 在 gddg (gddg) 的大作中提到: 】
: 楼主，我也有过类似的经历，很同情你。根据我的经验，喷药不管用，因为虫子巢穴在
: 缝里，还会产卵，还会长时间休眠，无法根除。我只知道一种根除的办法。就是有一种
: 白色的粉末，叫bedbug powder，网上有几家，成分都一样，很便宜，30多块一瓶，买
: 回来洒在所有墙边，角落里和虫子经过的地方，例如床的周围，抽屉里面，箱子里面。
: 。。然后静静等待3个月。。。
: 这个东西本身是没有毒性的，可以吃，但是是细小粉末，所以还是不要吸入太多。这段
: 时间家里也不能扬灰啊什么的。原理是虫子沾上粉末以后，体表油脂会被吸走，过会就
: 死了，但是有一个延迟性，所以虫子会把粉末带回巢穴，所以能够根除。因为是这个原
: 理，所以有个过程，你要等3、4个月，因为要等到巢穴里面所有没死的卵都孵化出来，
: 跑出来沾过粉了，而且巢穴里面有足够的粉了，那才能根除。
: ...................
大家出差住旅馆一定要小心，北美的各种不同类型的旅馆都有臭虫的问题，一定要小心，太可怕了，我是用大的塑料纸把床垫全密封起来，真空包装，衣服被子全部热处理，旅行箱开水处理，然后出差回来的第一件事是把旅行箱热处理，衣服全部热处理，然后就没事了，订旅馆时查一下有无这方面的反应。谨记
你不是都已经捉到虫子了嘛？ 捏死就完了，不保存好请杀虫公司鉴定吗？
床可以买个plastic 套子包起来。极难除，我以前一个朋友来住带过来，我除了差不多两年也没除干净，最后只能搬。
感觉是跳蚤，不是bedbug。
我们家因为住旅馆闹了一次，几个月的时间，连虫子影都没看到，只看到一家老小身上的包。
当时小孩小，没用化学的要，就是勤吸地勤洗床单外加驱虫（味道特别强的柏树）精油稀释后往角落里床单上喷，后来就没了。
也许是chiggers， 中西部分布很广。主要叮咬在腰部及大腿根部。
如果在你家草坪活动后被咬，基本是chiggers。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
长远来看，最经济最有效的办法还是买新床和新床垫。Bed bug一般藏在床或垫的缝里
，杀是很难杀死的，这世界上很多东西都有“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”的特性。你把源头肃清了，它自然就不闹了。退一万步说话，衣服、床单上就算是有，也不是它们的家。
照此计行事，可保主公无忧。
HD有卖大桶的BEDBUG SPRAY，每周喷一次，全家都出去
关上门整个房子喷一遍，注意尤其是几角旮旯，BEDBUG
在阴暗的木头里或者墙角里做窝，最好是能找到巢穴，
喷上捂一天，晚上回来通风，床罩一周洗一次，连续搞
一两个月
mark
飞机上被咬的可能不大，可能是以前被咬了，没起大疙瘩，
疙瘩在飞机上起来了，臭虫咬了之后，人体产生过敏反应
起的包有时候会消下去，过一阵又起来，尤其是抓了之后
疙瘩能坚持一两个月，反复出现。喷药应该能坚持一周的
咬撒在臭虫上肯定会死的，主要是没找到窝，他们还会出来
一般是一周大吃一次，窝可能会在旧的木头床上，CLOSET角落
里，或者墙壁里面，也可能是从邻居爬过来的，这个就比较
麻烦，喷药，衣服床罩全洗掉，床垫扔掉，马上搬家
行李上也要喷药。
除bed bug是个繁复的工程。
第一，把衣物，被褥，洗干净，高温烘干，装入密封的袋子里面，放入樟脑丸子隔离；
第二，床垫喷洒酒精，放到太阳下暴晒；
第三，床架喷洒药物，尤其是缝隙里面，也放到太阳下暴晒；
第四，去walmart买上防止bed bug的床垫密封套套好；
第五，组装床架的时候，在四个脚上分别套上一个塑料盒子，在盒子里面放上楼上说的那种药粉，这样bed bug从地板上爬上床，或者从床上爬下地的时候必须要经过密度很
高的药粉区域，浸泡在药粉里面；床铺除开四脚着地，不要让其他任何部分接触墙壁或者地板；
第六，房间清扫，角落里喷洒药物和药粉；
第七，门口和门框上bed bug可能经过的地方贴上胶带，喷洒药物
第八，不用的家具，衣物，用具全扔了，家里越清爽越好；
重要的是注意隔离，上床睡觉的时候站在床下脱衣服，确保衣物不要挨到床铺，身上干净，光着身子上床。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
我们家以前也有，杀了快一年也没有杀绝(什么法子都试了)。后来忍无可忍，我是这样做的－－高温加热房间。先把所有的窗户门缝用胶带封死，所有的地面撒上硅藻土，床上也撒，所有你能想到的地方都撒。先不要撒其他杀虫药，免得虫被赶走，硅藻土撒的薄些，这样虫才会爬，厚了就会绕开。所有衣服什么的放到烘干机里，烘一个小时，杀虫卵。然后就是准备一个温度计，最好能测到５０摄氏度的。把它放在你看见又测到室温的地方。然后打开暖气（最好在夏天最热的时候），把没有发现虫子的房间的通风口关掉。保证所有的热量都供给有虫的房间，把有温控器的房间的门窗开着，把温度调到最高，好使暖气一直工做。再在有虫房间放一个油汀加热。随着温度的升高，虫子会乱跑，这时候的硅藻土 因为遇热吸水更佳，对虫更有杀伤力。（我就是第二天在地板上
发现了幼虫的尸体）。你要观察温度，一定要上４０摄氏度，否则很难杀灭成虫 .。我一共花了一天一夜的时间加热。一旦温度到达４５度，保持４５到５０就再开一个小时的暖气，过后就关掉，但是仍然保持打开油汀，再加热４小时。必须随时观察温度，不可高于５０(所以你不能睡觉)，否则容易引起火灾。次日，打扫卫生，把大部分硅藻土吸掉,只在墙脚床边留一点，屋里也喷洒一点雷达之类的专门杀bedbug的药.如果过了一个月再无叮咬，恭喜你了，成功了!以上方法只适合single house.如果公寓房，别人是不允许这么做的.在除虫当日，请家人住到别的地方，否则会热的受不了的.所有费用不超过2０块.---我们家就这样根除了
还在租房的时候，我家闹过一回，前前后后一年多。。
先确定是不是臭虫。
放狗搜搜臭虫的图片。臭虫捏死后很丑，闻一闻，味道非常明显。臭虫一般晚上爬着咬人，包一般是一排。翻翻床上用具的缝隙，如果总是被咬的话，总能抓到一些活的。
如果确定是臭虫。
试试大蒜，我家闹的时候，因为怀孕，没有用任何买的化学药品，没搬家。所有床上用品，该扔的扔，不能扔的都高温消毒或暴晒。每天至少两头大蒜，切片放在床垫下。和臭虫斗，真是个持久战
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
误区一，臭虫在我衣服上老咬我，臭虫不喜欢衣服，
遇到光基本就跑掉了，平时人走动的时候，臭虫基本
不会在身上呆着
误区二，臭虫在我身上，老跟着我，臭虫不喜欢呆在
皮肤上，一般咬了就跑，能抓住臭虫的时候一般是刚
咬了你还没跑掉，或者是刚跑来要咬你
误区三，我用硅藻土就能杀死臭虫，用胶带粘住床脚
臭虫就上不来了。其实臭虫就跟小幽灵一样躲在角落里
吸引他们的是人体的红外线，饥饿的小鬼拼死也要去你
身上咬两口，他们在暗处，闻到硅藻土啥的会避开，胶带
他们碰碰就不舒服也会躲开，除了床腿他们还会从四面八方
往你身上靠，有时候会从房顶上掉下来咬你。关键还是
要找到窝，连根拔掉。
误区四，臭虫咬我几口，以后就不来咬我了。臭虫咬了
你以后，吃饱了就会回窝繁殖，一周后会有更多臭虫
你被咬一次，就等于臭虫又繁殖一次，你的血就是臭虫
的食物，你被咬不但是失败了，而且帮助了臭虫繁殖
Putting bedbugs to bed forever
Link:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141224103113.htm
On the right side of the this webpage, there are more links about how to
kill bedbugs.
Link to the original paper:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201409890/abstract
Recipe:
Sleep tight! Bed bugs rely on chemical
cues to locate and arrest in safe shelters.
This aggregation pheromone comprises
five volatile components (dimethyl disulfide
and dimethyl trisulfide, (E)-2-hexenal,
(E)-2-octenal, 2-hexanone) that attract
bed bugs, and one less-volatile component
(histamine) that causes their
arrestment upon contact. This blend is
highly effective at luring bed bugs into
traps in infested premises.
In summary, we have determined that the bed bug aggregation pheromone
comprises a unique blend of oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing
components. The five volatile components and the less volatile arrestant
histamine synergistically mediate both attraction and arrestment of bed bugs. Of note, the total chemical cost of the aggregation pheromone employed
effectively in residential apartments was less than 10 cents per lure,
suggesting that this lure may significantly impact future directions in
detection and possibly control of bed bug infestations. This affordable
technology may also remove socioeconomic barriers that presently prevent bed bug monitoring in many urban settings.
Paper without figures
Bed Bug Aggregation Pheromone Finally Identified
Authors
Regine Gries,Prof. Robert Britton, Michael Holmes,Huimin Zhai,Jason Draper,
Prof. Gerhard Gries
First published: 21 December 2014Full publication history
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409890View/save citation
Cited by: 0 articles last updated 09 January 2015
Funding Information
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract
Bed bugs have become a global epidemic and current detection tools are
poorly suited for routine surveillance. Despite intense research on bed bug aggregation behavior and the aggregation pheromone, which could be used as a chemical lure, the complete composition of this pheromone has thus far
proven elusive. Here, we report that the bed bug aggregation pheromone
comprises five volatile components (dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-hexanone), which attract bed bugs to safe
shelters, and one less-volatile component (histamine), which causes their
arrestment upon contact. In infested premises, a blend of all six components is highly effective at luring bed bugs into traps. The trapping of juvenile and adult bed bugs, with or without recent blood meals, provides strong
evidence that this unique pheromone bait could become an effective and
inexpensive tool for bed bug detection and potentially their control.
Owing to modern hygienic measures and the common use of insecticides, bed
bugs had nearly vanished in many countries in the last century.1,2 However, over the past 15 years, common bed bugs, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera:
Cimicidae), “have re-emerged in increasing numbers, distribution, and
intensity of infestation”.1 During the first decade of the 21st century
alone, the number of bed bug bite injuries treated in emergency rooms in the United States rose from 21 to 15 945.3 Indeed, bed bugs have become a global epidemic. Their resurgence may be attributed to a rise in travel and sales of used furnishings, adjustments in pest-control tactics,1 and the
development of insecticide resistance.4, 5 Because bed bug
infestations have severe adverse effects on the human host, causing diverse dermal reactions, emotional distress, and paranoia,1, 6–8 their rapid detection is paramount. Unfortunately, current bed bug monitoring tools are poorly suited for routine surveillance,1 in part because the human host
cues (CO2, heat, scent) they deploy are technically challenging or expensive. The cost of bed bug treatment is a particular concern for disadvantaged or low-income people who are disproportionately impacted by infestations, and often serve as reservoirs for further insect spread.9 Thus, although well
more than 500 million USD are spent annually on bed bug management,9 there
is no economic and effective tool for detecting the presence of bed bugs.
Furthermore, despite intense research10 on bed bug olfaction and behavior,
and on the aggregation pheromone itself, which could be used as a chemical
lure, the composition of the complete pheromone blend has proven elusive.
Specifically, a missing “contact” pheromone component has been linked to
the failure of existing pheromone lures in field studies.10h Here, we report the isolation and structural characterization of the bed bug aggregation
pheromone blend, and the potential for developing it as an effective and
inexpensive tool for the detection and possibly the control of bed bug
infestations.
Our initial search for the bed bug aggregation pheromone focused on bed bug exuviae (cuticle shed during moulting) and feces, which are both present in natural bed bug shelters and have been associated with arrestment behavior.
10f To narrow in on the aggregation pheromone, we designed two-choice (
treatment vs. control), single-insect olfactometer experiments11 that
allowed rapid observations of bed bug responses to various test stimuli.
Using these olfactometer assays, we found that both fresh and aged exuviae
trigger bed bug arrestment, and that physical contact with the exuviae is
required for arrestment behavior (Figure 1 a).11 Together, these
results indicate that the active component is not volatile, and instead is
sensed by bed bugs only upon contact. In order to isolate sufficient amounts of the pheromone for characterization purposes, we extracted over 18 000 shed bed bug exuviae with organic solvents of increasing polarity. Of
these, only the methanol extract induced arrestment (Figure 1 b).11
Likewise, only the methanol extract of a large collection of bed bug feces
was active in olfactometer bioassays, indicating that the arrestant
pheromone was common to both the exuviae and feces, and that it was a polar molecule that had thus far evaded detection because of its atypical
pheromonal properties. Analysis of the 1H NMR spectra acquired on bioactive methanol extracts showed the presence of amino acids (valine, alanine),
histamine, N-acetylglucosamine, dimethylaminoethanol, and 3-hydroxy-
kynurenine O-sulfate (Figure 1 c). Further, we noted that crude
methanol extracts and normal-phase flash chromatography fractions of these
extracts containing the largest amounts of histamine and
dimethylaminoethanol elicited the strongest arrestment responses, suggesting that one or both of these compounds are the key pheromone component(s).
When we tested authentic samples of dimethylaminoethanol and histamine at
concentrations similar to those found in feces and shed cuticles (20 μg/
assay), we found that only histamine as a free base (not as a salt) induced the arrestant behavior.11 It is noteworthy that the presence of histamine in both bed bug feces and shed cuticle may signal the metabolism of host blood nutrients and thus host presence, and a safe haven for moulting, a
vulnerable stage in the life cycle of bed bugs.
While histamine clearly plays an important role as the arrestant pheromone, there was no arrestment behavior when we suspended samples of histamine out of the reach of bed bugs in olfactometer bioassays.11 This result is not
surprising, considering the low volatility of histamine (bp>200 °C), and inspired us to search for additional volatile attractive pheromone
components. Previously,10h we identified a ten-component blend of attractive volatiles from the headspace of bed bug colonies containing nymphs, adults, feces, and eggs. This blend was effective in the laboratory, but not in the field. Here, we focused on feces alone as the now proven aggregation
pheromone source. To enhance volatile release from dry bed bug feces, we
heated (90 °C) feces-stained filter paper and analyzed the collected volatiles by GC-MS. Theses analyses resulted in the identification of a
complex blend of 15 oxygen- or sulphur-containing components. As depicted in Figure 2, the blend included six aldehydes (butanal, pentanal, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, benzaldehyde), one alcohol (benzyl alcohol),
three ketones (2-hexanone, acetophenone, verbenone), three esters (methyl
nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, pentyl hexanoate) and two sulfides (
dimethyldisulfide (DMDS), dimethyltrisulfide (DMTS)). Furthermore, an
authentic blend containing less than 4 μg of each component was capable of attracting bed bugs in olfactometer experiments.11 In order to determine the essential component(s) of this blend, we tested the response of bed bugs to the complete blend and to partial blends that lacked either groups of
related organic chemicals (e.g., esters or aldehydes) or specific individual components.11 Following several iterative rounds of compound deletions, we found that the essential attractive volatile pheromone components (VPCs) in bed bug feces consist of a blend of DMDS, DMTS, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, and 2-hexanone. While the VPCs include the two previously known alarm and aggregation pheromone components (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal,12,
10h the sulfides and 2-hexanone represent new VPCs for bed bugs.
To tease apart the effects of the VPCs and histamine on attraction and
arrestment behavior of bed bugs, we repeated our experiments in large
bioassay arenas that better reflect the more spacious nature of bed bug
habitats. Test stimuli consisted of corrugated cardboard shelters that we
baited with histamine, the VPCs, or both, or that we left unbaited (controls). Remarkably, shelters baited with both the VPCs and histamine invariably
“captured” nearly all of the bed bugs tested (Figure 3 a). In
contrast, partial blends containing only the VPCs or histamine were less
effective. When we offered bed bugs a choice between histamine- or VPC-
baited shelters, bed bugs preferred the former, and when we offered a choice between a histamine-baited shelter or a shelter baited with both histamine and VPCs, bed bugs preferred the latter. Thus, the highly mobile bed bugs
are attracted to the VPCs, but adopt a shelter only if histamine is present. In turn, if bed bugs encounter histamine in a shelter with or without VPCs, they adopt that shelter. Together, these results reveal an amazing
synergism between the attractive VPCs and the histamine arrestant, which are likely sensed by different types of receptors13, 14 on separate
segments of the bed bugs’ antennae.10c
To determine whether the synthetic pheromone lure was also effective in
premises infested with bed bugs, where many competing attractants are
present and previously reported pheromone blends10h failed to attract bed
bugs, we repeated the trapping experiments in a heavily infested residential apartment. Experimental replicates consisted of paired corrugated cardboard shelter traps placed against a wall or furniture, with 30 cm spacing
between paired traps and more than 1 m spacing between pairs. Within each
pair, we randomly baited one trap with either the complete pheromone blend (VPCs and histamine) or a partial pheromone blend (VPCs or histamine), and
kept the other trap unbaited. As highlighted in Figure 3 b, traps
baited with the complete synthetic pheromone blend “captured” 4.5 times
more bed bugs than unbaited control traps, whereas traps baited with the
VPCs captured only 2.2 times more bed bugs than control traps. In a second
set of two concurrently run experiments, shelter traps baited with the
complete synthetic pheromone blend captured 6.7 times more bed bugs than
control traps, whereas traps baited with histamine captured only 1.3 times
more bed bugs than control traps. Large captures of bed bugs only in traps
baited with the complete synthetic pheromone confirm the synergism between
the VPCs, which attract bed bugs, and histamine, which causes their
arrestment on contact.
During the course of the field studies, we found that the pheromone-baited
shelter traps contained all five nymphal instars (fed and non-fed) as well
as adult males and females (fed and non-fed). These data show that the
synthetic pheromone attracts and retains bed bugs irrespective of their
developmental stage, gender, or physiological condition, as does the natural aggregation pheromone.10c Pheromone-baited shelter traps were also
effective in residential apartments with light to moderate bed bug
infestations. In all apartments where at least one live bed bug was observed during careful inspection of bedding, mattresses, and furniture, at least
one bed bug was captured. Remarkably, of the 27 bed bugs captured in these
apartments, 26 were in the pheromone-baited traps.
The functional role of DMDS and DMTS as bed bug pheromone components seems
surprising, given that they are common semiochemicals15, 16 and linked to bacterial decomposition of organic material.17 Nevertheless, behavioral bioassay data showing that synthetic pheromone blends without these sulfides fail to attract bed bugs,11 and electrophysiological data showing that
specific olfactory sensilla on the bed bugs’ antennae respond to DMDS and
DMTS,13 provide integral support for the conclusion that DMDS and DMTS are
part of the bed bug aggregation pheromone. The known alarm pheromones12 (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal as additional components then impart “bed bug
specificity” to the pheromone blend. The bifunctional nature of these
aldehydes as repellents at high concentration12 and attractants at low
concentration10h is reminiscent of bifunctional pheromones in stink bugs18
and bark beetles,19 where pheromone concentration determines attractive or
repellent activity.
The biosyntheses of DMDS, DMTS, 2-hexanone, and histamine may be linked to
the bed bugs’ diet of human blood, which contains the amino acids histidine and methionine.20 These could serve as biosynthetic precursors for
histamine as well as DMDS and DMTS, respectively.21 Similarly, free fatty
acids in human blood20 could be converted to 2-hexanone through a few well-
established biosynthetic steps, as shown for other methyl ketone pheromones.22 Predicting that bed bugs may alternatively acquire histamine from the
immunological response of fed-on human hosts, we searched for, but did not
detect, histamine in human blood withdrawn from bed bugs just after their
blood meal. It follows that bed bugs produce histamine de novo or through
decarboxylation of the host-derived amino acid histidine.
In light of the striking synergism between the attractive and arrestant
components of the bed bug aggregation pheromone (Figure 3), access to the
arrestant must be considered in the design of commercial pheromone lures and traps. Because histamine-impregnated shelters are capable of retaining the bed bugs that have entered, there is no longer a need for the commonly used sticky traps for bed bug capture. In fact, sticky trap surfaces would
prevent bed bugs from reaching the histamine arrestant and thus interfere
with optimal capture of bed bugs. This expectation was confirmed when
pheromone-baited shelters were tested with or without an adhesive-coated
perimeter, the latter capturing significantly more bed bugs.23
In summary, we have determined that the bed bug aggregation pheromone
comprises a unique blend of oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing
components. The five volatile components and the less volatile arrestant
histamine synergistically mediate both attraction and arrestment of bed bugs. Of note, the total chemical cost of the aggregation pheromone employed
effectively in residential apartments was less than 10 cents per lure,
suggesting that this lure may significantly impact future directions in
detection and possibly control of bed bug infestations. This affordable
technology may also remove socioeconomic barriers that presently prevent bed bug monitoring in many urban settings.
强烈建议先看医生，确认不是过敏。
我们家曾经有过类似经历，扔了两个床垫，硅藻土也喷了，也是没有确认bed bug. 还好只搞了一个星期。因为皮肤痒的很厉害，要化脓了，看了家庭医生。医生很确定地告诉我，是荨麻疹。如果“喷完后，咬得更猛”，更像。因为有可能你对喷的药过敏。
如果信不过家庭医生，直接看皮肤科医生。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
哎，可怜啊
看样子是螨虫而不是臭虫。我和臭虫斗争过几个月。臭虫边吃边拉，床单上会留下弯曲干化的粪便，这是很好辨认的痕迹。
LZ的问题最简单的解决方法就是把床上所有东西全送进烘干机烘一遍，隔几天再重复几次，同时减少房间的通风，不管是什么虫，都应该有所缓解。
同觉得像跳蚤。不过不管跳蚤，bedbug他们都需要一定地温度和湿度才能有效繁殖。
现在你的当务之急是买一个去湿器。记住是祛湿。去amazon就可以买到。
然后最大功率在封闭的屋子里开去湿器。把室内湿度降到30-40%左右，越低越好。
不过太低你自己也会感觉不舒服。没有湿度它们繁殖个屁啊。
这种东西繁殖力强不过死穴也很多。
或者借一只猫。猫身上的温度是跳蚤最喜欢的。猫需要脖子上涂revolution flea
killer lotion两天后放入屋里。然后flea会争先恐后得跑到猫身上。咬一口就死翘翘
了。你接下来要做得是每天换洗床单。衣服也每天换洗。每天吸尘。
还有每次遇到这种事情，大家的第一反应是搬家，结果下面一户租户什么也不知道，住进来一段时间就开始遇到被咬的事情。大家搬来搬去不过是从一个恐怖屋搬到了另一个。
因为你也不知道上个租户搬走的原因是什么。
哦，还有，如果被咬的包是像蚊子包，有可能是一，被蚊子咬了。二，家里有霉菌。霉菌庖子粘到皮肤上的过敏反应就像蚊子包。这个时候要先找到发霉的地点，消除霉菌。二，开去湿器。三，每天吸尘。
写了这么多，希望对大家有用。
【 在 sequel (暴力云) 的大作中提到: 】
: 感觉是跳蚤，不是bedbug。
有可能是虫咬激发了免疫系统。然后得了湿疹寻麻疹什么的
mark
bless! mark.
这个帖子从头读下来，包括回帖，看得我浑身直痒
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
【 在 hanphoenix (phoenix) 的大作中提到: 】
: 这东西不好杀，勤洗洗床单被罩什么的，或许会好一些
从你的描述来看就是bedbug。
把所有能放到烘干机里的衣物床单被罩书包鞋子都加热一遍，扔掉所有家具，搬到一个新的apt。
损失点钱不要紧，就怕时间长了搞得人情绪低落，精神恍惚，耽误了正事儿。
Mark....
感谢大家的回帖，还有几位朋友专门发信给我，非常感谢。
最初的时候，我偶尔看到过稍大的虫子,非常像这个图片上的。
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100908191134.htm
我不知道怎么贴图片。
当时看到虫有翅膀，翅膀上有相间花纹。另外数了有六条腿。还看到许多红色小虫，行动非常迅速，对着它们喷91%的酒精，马上就变黑了，也死了。最初的包非常痒痛，两
个月后才消去，现在手上还有色素沉着。都是我最初自己杀虫时经历的。但现在，我再也没看到了大虫子，小虫子更很难看见，大包没有，变成时不时的小红点或血口子。偶尔离开住处几天，再回去时，包变得大点和红点。
所以我才觉得就是bedbug，看医生反而误导。而且从带回国的情况看，更加肯定是吸血小虫了。我在下飞机的时候，广播，根据民航总局规定，凡国际航班喷杀虫剂。空姐也确实在走廊处喷药。所以，飞机上可能有虫。
我的皮肤较薄，比较敏感，但康复较快。所以，我能立马感到被虫咬了（因为痒，抓出血后反而不痒了，没出血的包则隔阵都会痒），但这些红点第二天（一觉过后）就会消去很多，血口子会结痂。
感觉蒸汽很有用，但是真的太花精力了。加热的方法，不知道在现在中西部的大冬天行得通吗？ 可能再试一下喷精油，薄洒powder到各处的办法。也不知狗管不管用？
上面有位朋友说，我的问题时间太长了，虫子可能散在各处或被包在什么东西里。我想是的。另有位朋友说不要影响心情，我确实有很长一段时间无心做其他事，一看到被咬就心情低落，想下班回去怎么斗虫。
上过无数英文论坛，看到有人从2002年就与臭虫共生，知道自己要打持久战。看到兄弟姐妹们的成功经验，我开始有了信心。从自身经历，切身感到杀虫剂没用，除非喷在虫身上。也感到杀虫公司的100%保证根本不可信。好一点是缓解，差的一点用没有。
用过热处理的朋友们，能谈谈经验吗？
是这样的，被咬之后毒在血液里，如果你是过敏体质，就算不被咬，也会自己发出来，所以要吃过敏的药。
【 在 snowma (snowma) 的大作中提到: 】
: 飞机上被咬的可能不大，可能是以前被咬了，没起大疙瘩，
: 疙瘩在飞机上起来了，臭虫咬了之后，人体产生过敏反应
: 起的包有时候会消下去，过一阵又起来，尤其是抓了之后
: 疙瘩能坚持一两个月，反复出现。喷药应该能坚持一周的
: 咬撒在臭虫上肯定会死的，主要是没找到窝，他们还会出来
: 一般是一周大吃一次，窝可能会在旧的木头床上，CLOSET角落
: 里，或者墙壁里面，也可能是从邻居爬过来的，这个就比较
: 麻烦，喷药，衣服床罩全洗掉，床垫扔掉，马上搬家
: 行李上也要喷药。
我家也有过，看网上评论只有请专业才行不要自己弄费钱费时，虫子很会藏身往头上帘子上藏且成虫可冬眠。请好的会弄干净。当然衣服全部烘干一遍。头用酒精洗。吸尘时虫子跑头上了。要除尘
too simple too naive. 你没有闹过永远体会不到
【 在 majicblazor ((村长)) 的大作中提到: 】
: 你不是都已经捉到虫子了嘛？ 捏死就完了，不保存好请杀虫公司鉴定吗？
虫子还能跑到头发里？？？这不可能吧？
【 在 chic9 (hill) 的大作中提到: 】
: 我家也有过，看网上评论只有请专业才行不要自己弄费钱费时，虫子很会藏身往头上帘
: 子上藏且成虫可冬眠。请好的会弄干净。当然衣服全部烘干一遍。头用酒精洗。吸尘时
: 虫子跑头上了。要除尘
非常难除。我当时觉得除干净了，第二年又有了
头上长的是虱子
【 在 yuki1010 () 的大作中提到: 】
: 虫子还能跑到头发里？？？这不可能吧？
最近东北这种低温，二三日可以杀之。
一个人被咬还是所有人都被咬？
一个人被咬还是所有人都被咬？
我咋还是觉得小的红色的爬得快的是跳蚤啊？会不会两者都有？我小时候在火车站被
bed bug咬过，感觉那个东西爬得没那么快。。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 感谢大家的回帖，还有几位朋友专门发信给我，非常感谢。
: 最初的时候，我偶尔看到过稍大的虫子,非常像这个图片上的。
: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100908191134.htm
: 我不知道怎么贴图片。
: 当时看到虫有翅膀，翅膀上有相间花纹。另外数了有六条腿。还看到许多红色小虫，行
: 动非常迅速，对着它们喷91%的酒精，马上就变黑了，也死了。最初的包非常痒痛，两
: 个月后才消去，现在手上还有色素沉着。都是我最初自己杀虫时经历的。但现在，我再
: 也没看到了大虫子，小虫子更很难看见，大包没有，变成时不时的小红点或血口子。偶
: 尔离开住处几天，再回去时，包变得大点和红点。
: 所以我才觉得就是bedbug，看医生反而误导。而且从带回国的情况看，更加肯定是吸血
: ...................
可怕啊
*\(^_^)/*
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
*\(^_^)/*
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
现在冬天不好弄，不过你把暖气开最大，热几天就好，夏天的话开热风很快就能到5,60度，冬天的话天冷了你开最大估计也就30度，所以效果不好。
所有能洗的都洗，高温烘干
我现在正在和这东西斗争中,第二次了,主要是我TRAVEL太多,一不小心就中招了.
第一次带回家,正好买新床,旧床移到另一个屋,过了两个月,一只小东西饿死在旧床上.
我第一次运气不错,带回来是还没有最后长成的幼虫,幼虫30天就饿死,成虫就长多了.
这次我自己不小心,主要是几年住了快上百天旅馆都没事,大意了,旅馆过夜应该是东西
晚上放厕所,厕所不关灯,从来没有出事,这次忘记了把包放床边,就又沾回来了.被咬第
二天,我立刻把床角都放到一次性杯子里,杯子放水,这样一来就把床和其它东西隔离了.然后过一天晚上还是被咬,这下确定是躲在床上,然后所有被子,枕头全洗高温烘干,换到地毯上睡,平安无事,至今已经一个月了还没有任何再被咬,我还是打算睡满两个月地毯
睡床上看看(床太新还舍不得扔),如果是幼虫就饿死了,如果是成虫算我倒霉,把床扔了
买新床算了.
这个事情主要是要尽早处理,把床和其它东西隔离,bed bug满屋爬那只有搬家,买了房子的就惨了.
上虫子和包包的片片
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
虫子那么小不像是bed bug，当年也闹过，不过用了那个powder就根除了
听起来很不像 bedbug. Sounds more like something else.
主要的特征都不太像：
喜欢肚皮。bedbug 似乎更喜欢腿部尤其是小腿；
长约 1-1.5mm。bedbug 的成虫比这个要大很多，体型更像微型蟑螂。
如果确认是 bedbug 的话，其实清除起来没有想象的那么困难：
材料：
1. 高浓度酒精 N 多瓶
2. Home Depot 经销的 Harris Large Bedbug Kithttp://www.homedepot.com/p/Harris-Large-Bed-Bug-Kit-BBKIT-LGVP/203780688
（有三套装的，如果房间多，买三套装的更划算）http://www.homedepot.com/p/Harris-Bed-Bug-Commercial-Kit-BBKIT-BIZVP/203780700
步骤：
把房间里的所有东西都搬出去。
第一步，地面深度吸尘，至少深度吸两遍以上（目的是吸掉可能的虫卵）
第二步，把高浓度酒精（90%以上）淋洒在墙壁跟地毯接触的边角，
注意，是淋洒，不是喷。然后用喷清洁剂的空壶装高浓度酒精，
在地毯表面来回喷至少两遍。房间门窗关紧，密闭24小时。
第三步，用 Harris Kit 里面的大罐喷墙边角和地毯表面，密闭24小时。
第三步，用 Harris Kit 里面的小罐重点喷墙角和边，密闭24小时。
第四步，用 Harris Kit 里面的硅藻土撒墙边角。
搬出去的衣物，高温洗烘。其它东西能扔就扔，不能扔的按上述步骤清杀之。
一般直接把床扔了，其实床彻底清杀之后也未尝不可以再用。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
曾经是学校宿舍管理员，大战bedbug长达一年，最后在经理换防虫床垫结束。
自己家的话，最好床的四个角可以放到一个类似碗一样的容器里，然后撒点痱子粉。
四个床腿也可以帮胶带，但是感觉作用不大，bedbug都是在床垫或者缝隙里。
床垫一定需要隔离，walmart就有那种包床垫的袋子卖，10几刀吧好像。
然后所有床上用品一定勤洗，勤更换。即使没有成虫，也可以杀掉不少虫卵。
其实bedbug最怕高温，如果有条件，开水烫啊，房屋全封闭然后各种电暖气，电吹风开到最大，这个还是比较有用。 当时新生来，每一件行李都是拿到地下室一个房间，里
面有保暖材料隔出来的一个小房间，把行李塞进去，然后2个电暖气加风扇也塞进去 封口。 最少2个小时，之后才能拿进去房间。
这么处理以后，会好很多，但是也没有彻底根治。
祝LZ好运。
曾经是学校宿舍管理员，大战bedbug长达一年，最后在经理换防虫床垫结束。
自己家的话，最好床的四个角可以放到一个类似碗一样的容器里，然后撒点痱子粉。
四个床腿也可以帮胶带，但是感觉作用不大，bedbug都是在床垫或者缝隙里。
床垫一定需要隔离，walmart就有那种包床垫的袋子卖，10几刀吧好像。
然后所有床上用品一定勤洗，勤更换。即使没有成虫，也可以杀掉不少虫卵。
其实bedbug最怕高温，如果有条件，开水烫啊，房屋全封闭然后各种电暖气，电吹风开到最大，这个还是比较有用。 当时新生来，每一件行李都是拿到地下室一个房间，里
面有保暖材料隔出来的一个小房间，把行李塞进去，然后2个电暖气加风扇也塞进去 封口。 最少2个小时，之后才能拿进去房间。
这么处理以后，会好很多，但是也没有彻底根治。
祝LZ好运。
re
发照片吧。这么说的太玄乎了。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
出租房闹过一阵子bedbug. 只有一种药有用：http://www.domyownpestcontrol.com/temprid-sc-insecticide-p-1175.html
先把床垫用罩子罩起来。喷药，21天后再喷一次，就没事了。记住床罩不能拿掉。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 去年4月，请了一家公司杀虫（喷完后，咬得更猛），浪费几百刀，闻了几个月的毒气
: 。几个月后搬家，自己买了床罩，扔了床垫， 买了硅藻土，洒在墙四周。情况有控制
: ，每周两三次被咬。以为好了，中间回了国，没想到飞机上被咬了六口，更可怕的是带
: 到了家里面，连累了家里人。深感内疚。在国内请杀虫公司，好像效果不好。没想到小
: 虫子如此难办。家里还有小baby，内疚不断自责
: 。
: 两周后回来，发现咬得更多了，再次请杀虫公司，到现在，还是每天被咬。两家公司都
: 没找到虫子，但都喷药了。公司推诿，你家没有bedbug, 得去看医生，说不定是过敏。
: 去年夏天，站在阳台上，偶然撩起自己的Tshirt，看到一只红色的小虫，约1-1.5mm长
: ，在我肚皮上爬，但是一点感觉都没有。立马掐死小虫。（掐死过大小若干小虫，
3mm
: ...................
谢谢啊。大虫子有三四厘米，我看到的红色小虫大概处于第二第三阶段。还看到过一颗白色虫卵，淡黄色半透明小虫（因为黏在胶带纸上），可能属于刚孵出的。这些都是在最初被咬大包期间看到，而且是在室外看到或有阳光的室内看到的。
【 在 eNerd (大槑蛋) 的大作中提到: 】
: 听起来很不像 bedbug. Sounds more like something else.
: 主要的特征都不太像：
: 喜欢肚皮。bedbug 似乎更喜欢腿部尤其是小腿；
: 长约 1-1.5mm。bedbug 的成虫比这个要大很多，体型更像微型蟑螂。
: 如果确认是 bedbug 的话，其实清除起来没有想象的那么困难：
: 材料：
: 1. 高浓度酒精 N 多瓶
: 2. Home Depot 经销的 Harris Large Bedbug Kit
: http://www.homedepot.com/p/Harris-Large-Bed-Bug-Kit-BBKIT-LGVP/203780688
: （有三套装的，如果房间多，买三套装的更划算）
: ...................
你太猛了，连虫卵都见过啊。。。
【 在 lilyinwater (lily) 的大作中提到: 】
: 谢谢啊。大虫子有三四厘米，我看到的红色小虫大概处于第二第三阶段。还看到过一颗
: 白色虫卵，淡黄色半透明小虫（因为黏在胶带纸上），可能属于刚孵出的。这些都是在
: 最初被咬大包期间看到，而且是在室外看到或有阳光的室内看到的。
: