---------------------------- Remember some background: before Eastern Han Dynasty, old Chinese books were not originally written on paper, they were written on collated sheets of bamboo sticks. They weigh a lot were very expensive. That's why old written Chinese were so succinct. Most of the books had only a few copies. Writers lived short lives and spent their lifetime to write. If other literary Chinese found these writing good, they in turn would spend a lot of time and money to make a copy. It was a darwinian evolution with very slow reproduction rates, and very high extinction rates. Only the best writings survived even in the best of times.
Later on paper was invented. But printing was not yet popular. So books were still handcopied and expensive. In addition to that, Chinese was difficult to learn and requires comparatively large investment in education.
So burning books were not a small deal, it was a crime against humanity. Systematic genocide and educational disinvestment (愚民政策) of the Chinese people happened repeatedly, but usually for shorter number of years or only in parts of China. The Mongolian Yuan dynasty was the exception. Its genocidal rule extended across the whole swathe of China and lasted 5-7 generations, decimated the people and the Chinese culture entered into an 800 year trauma induced coma.
Despite all these dark millenia, the greatest miracle is that we even have 1/20th survived from the 先秦文化。 It's also a proof how resilient and wonderfully the Chinese culture is, that we could still read the few surviving works from 2000 years ago, and say Wow. So am I proud of being Chinese? Damn yes.
Am I going to keep citing 4 great inventions of Chinese and 100 great scholars 2000 years ago? No. This is the new Golden Age and we need to create great new things to contribute to human race.
Remember some background: before Eastern Han Dynasty, old Chinese books were not originally written on paper, they were written on collated sheets of bamboo sticks. They weigh a lot were very expensive. That's why old written Chinese were so succinct. Most of the books had only a few copies. Writers lived short lives and spent their lifetime to write. If other literary Chinese found these writing good, they in turn would spend a lot of time and money to make a copy. It was a darwinian evolution with very slow reproduction rates, and very high extinction rates. Only the best writings survived even in the best of times.
Later on paper was invented. But printing was not yet popular. So books were still handcopied and expensive. In addition to that, Chinese was difficult to learn and requires comparatively large investment in education.
So burning books were not a small deal, it was a crime against humanity. Systematic genocide and educational disinvestment (愚民政策) of the Chinese people happened repeatedly, but usually for shorter number of years or only in parts of China. The Mongolian Yuan dynasty was the exception. Its genocidal rule extended across the whole swathe of China and lasted 5-7 generations, decimated the people and the Chinese culture entered into an 800 year trauma induced coma.
Despite all these dark millenia, the greatest miracle is that we even have 1/20th survived from the 先秦文化。 It's also a proof how resilient and wonderfully the Chinese culture is, that we could still read the few surviving works from 2000 years ago, and say Wow. So am I proud of being Chinese? Damn yes.
Am I going to keep citing 4 great inventions of Chinese and 100 great scholars 2000 years ago? No. This is the new Golden Age and we need to create great new things to contribute to human race.
这事秦始皇也干过， 但是他只有15年统一的时间。 他残杀六国贵族学者, 销毁民间
藏诸子百家典籍， 将孤本存在自己私人图书馆。 他干得这一系列都让他问鼎中国文
明第一罪人。 他登天以后， 看看反秦人物的履历吧。
项羽年轻人“愤青新三届”，学的是家传楚国兵法，有领导力但不是理论上的好学生。 他看见秦始皇的私立图书馆就把它当秦始皇的财产一把火烧解气, 这把火成就
了中华文明第二罪人。 项羽的很多决策错误，小半是性格，大半绝对是他理论功
底薄弱造成。
刘邦，此人年轻时是战国末期的游侠可能在当地的大学里上过一些学（老三届），曾经想追随信陵君。 社会履历丰富。 40多岁起兵。 萧何， 年纪跟刘邦差不多，也是受惠先秦教育的老三届。 他哥俩合伙干的很多事都是在恢复被秦始皇唾弃摧毁的先秦文化： 约法三章， 寻访诸子百家孤本 （很多已经失传）， 保存秦朝残余的census
data.
韩信与张良都比刘邦萧何年轻一大截。 但是张良出身韩国贵族在民间秘密Chinese
School学得太公兵法。 太公兵法是唯愤青不传的。 民间秘密的Chinese School有
这样一个仪式: 老师脱了臭鞋一扔，让徒弟跟狗儿似的去捡回来穿。 这是识别“愤青”秘诀。
韩信师从不详，但是韩国魏国是鬼谷子的老巢，所以很可能韩信也是唯愤青不传武功的徒孙孙。 但是他真要玩政治完全玩不过先秦教育的直接传人，萧刘师叔级的人物。
楚汉之争实际上是老三届利用"非愤青新三届"，狠打"愤青新三届"。 完成了历史的使命以后，"非愤青新三届"因为构成"老三届"”官二代“的继承权的威胁，而被修理边缘化。
话扯远了。 反正汉初能够恢复一些古典先秦文化都靠a) 始皇帝死得好。 b)老三届没死绝。 但是元朝就不一样了。 这100年荼毒下来， 别说老三届死绝了， 新三届都翘辫子了
。 要是南宋人的人均墨水是100, 那元末的人均墨水可能5都不到。 灭元的明朝根本是
帮文盲建的, 还是祖孙三代加小时候受尽虐待的那种文盲，长大了注定虐待同胞。
我记得曾经发过一个帖子， 说中国古代要是有一个CNS publication
citation index 的话， 巅峰的巅峰是先秦， 然后是汉初，三国，两晋，隋唐，五代
，宋（顺序有争议）。 从我们日常语言种用的成语典故就知道了。 70%属于先秦文明， 剩下的大概平分。
中国文明因为地理原因在世界史上自成一家，但maintenance很高。 好像一种很难练但是很厉害的武功。 元朝这种屠城烧书教育0%投入暴政的100年差不多算断了中国人的
经脉，至今元气大伤.
于是崖山以后无中国有一定道理，中国连着倒霉了800年。 不光是中国， 中东也饱
受摧残， 和我们是难兄难弟的情谊，只是他们不知道也不承认罢了。
----------------------------
Remember some background: before Eastern Han Dynasty, old Chinese books
were not originally written on paper, they were written on
collated sheets of bamboo sticks. They weigh a lot were very expensive.
That's why old written Chinese were so succinct. Most of the books had
only a few copies. Writers lived short lives and spent their lifetime to
write. If other literary Chinese found these writing good, they in turn
would spend a lot of time and money to make a copy. It was a darwinian
evolution with very slow reproduction rates, and very high extinction rates. Only the best writings survived even in the best of times.
Later on paper was invented. But printing was not yet popular. So books
were still handcopied and expensive. In addition to that, Chinese was
difficult to learn and requires comparatively large investment in education.
So burning books were not a small deal, it was a crime against humanity.
Systematic genocide and educational disinvestment (愚民政策) of the Chinese people happened repeatedly, but usually for shorter number of years or only in parts of China. The Mongolian Yuan dynasty was the exception. Its
genocidal rule extended across the whole swathe of China and lasted 5-7
generations, decimated the people and the Chinese culture entered into an
800 year trauma induced coma.
Another angle to look at it: Burning of the great Islamic libraries.
Apparently Mongolians was coma-inducing to more than one great cultures.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(1258)
Despite all these dark millenia, the greatest miracle is that we even have 1/20th survived from the 先秦文化。 It's also a proof how resilient and
wonderfully the Chinese culture is, that we could still read the few
surviving works from 2000 years ago, and say Wow. So am I proud of being Chinese? Damn yes.
Am I going to keep citing 4 great inventions of Chinese and 100 great
scholars 2000 years ago? No. This is the new Golden Age and we need to
create great new things to contribute to human race.
---------------------------- 补上一点 －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
侯景之乱有点跟这个类似:之前是南方瞧不起北方文化水平，结果侯景折腾完，北周北
齐居然瞧不起南朝使者的文化水平了。
损失最重的是文化。所以说已无的是中国（宋）文化。
citation index 的话， 巅峰的巅峰是先秦， 然后是汉初，三国，两晋，隋唐，五代
，宋（顺序有争议）。 从我们日常语言种用的成语典故就知道了。 70%属于先秦文明， 剩下的大概平分。
中国文明因为地理原因在世界史上自成一家，但maintenance很高。 好像一种很难练但是很厉害的武功。 元朝这种屠城烧书
教育0%投入暴政的100年差不多算断了中国人的经脉，至今元气大伤。
东厂
裹小脚
中纪委
露胸露屁股
时代不同了，与时俱进了
were not originally written on paper, they were written on
collated sheets of bamboo sticks. They weigh a lot were very expensive.
That's why old
written Chinese were so succinct. Most of the books had only a few copies. Writers lived short lives and spent their lifetime to write. If other
literary Chinese found these
writing good, they in turn would spend a lot of time and money to make a
copy. It was a darwinian evolution with very slow reproduction rates, and very high extinction rates. Only the best
writings survived even in the best of times.
Later on paper was invented. But printing was not yet popular. So books
were still handcopied and expensive. In addition to that, Chinese was
difficult to learn and requires comparatively large investment in education.
So burning books were not a small deal, it was a crime against humanity.
Systematic genocide and educational disinvestment (愚民政策) of the Chinese people happened repeatedly, but usually for shorter number of years or only in parts of China. The Mongolian Yuan dynasty was the exception. Its
genocidal rule extended across the whole swathe of China and lasted 5-7
generations, decimated the people and the Chinese culture entered into an
800 year trauma induced coma.
Another angle to look at it: Burning of the great Islamic libraries.
Apparently Mongolians was coma-inducing to more than one great cultures.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(1258)
Despite all these dark millenia, the greatest miracle is that we even have 1/20th survived from the 先秦文化。 It's also a proof how resilient and
wonderfully the Chinese culture is, that we could still read the few
surviving works from 2000 years ago, and say Wow. So am I proud of being Chinese? Damn yes.
Am I going to keep citing 4 great inventions of Chinese and 100 great
scholars 2000 years ago? No. This is the new Golden Age and we need to
create great new things to contribute to human race.
崖山之战,不仅精英全部战死, 跳海殉国者不说,被俘也尽是文天祥,而且消息传出,福建数万士子争相殉国,其惨烈空前绝后. 另一方面, 有志气的都死光了,苟且活着的也觉得是偷生,再无中华的气节, 所以中华就再也不是中华了.
到现在,胡虏到处狂吠......这哪还有中华的样子.
万人，还都是手无缚鸡之力。
看看后来英帝美帝的文明，政治经济文化军事全方位领先。这是真正的好文明
就像鬼子统治下的朝鲜和台湾军队，虽然不是正牌鬼子，但也不是什么汉奸伪军。
可称：仆从国军队，但也不对，因为朝鲜和台湾是神圣不可分割的一部分。
老爸张柔，“... 其臣崔立以汴京降，柔于金帛一无所取，独入史馆，取《金实录》并秘府图书；访求耆德及燕赵故族十余家，卫送北归。”
但是楼主知道这种说法是什么时候开始流行的吗？是抗日战争的时候，日本的汉文化学者提出的。日本人在侵华战争中，对沦陷区实行奴化教育，日本人宣传崖山之后无中国，蒙元之后无华夏，是为了打击当时国人的抗战信心。因为中国打出的一个抗日旗号就是不做亡国奴，日本人却说：其实崖山之后，你们中国人就已经是亡国奴了。就这么简单。
一切历史都是当代史，一切当代史都是政治。
宋朝文人地位和待遇极高，这么多年的恩遇，结果怎么样呢？
伯颜率大军逼近临安。临安守卫空虚。谢后下诏，要各地起兵“勤王”。勤王诏下，各地大批官员都在准备投降元朝，不予响应。立即起兵勤王的只有张世杰和文天祥。张世杰其实还不是南宋的，他本来是张柔的部下，后来投宋的。而张来的原因一半还是因为他守的鄂州丢了。结果张被赶鸭子上架，跳了N多级去指挥全国的兵马，根本不管他之
前从来没有指挥大部队的经验，和作为步军将领没有水战经验，在焦山一战把家当丢了大半。
一二七五年三月间，临安危急。主管军事的枢密院官员和御史官都相继逃跑，朝中一片萧条。谢后急切下诏说：“我国家三百年，待士大夫不薄。吾与嗣君遭家多难，尔小大臣不能出一策以救时艰，内则畔官离次，外则委印弃城，避难偷生，尚何人为？亦何以见先帝于地下乎？
苦苦哀求也不管用，士大夫们，只求降元作官，并不顾什么面目。结果上朝的文官，只有六人。
对比金，南宋的差距很明显。金亡的时候，女真统治阶级自己尽是庸才，作为少数民族压迫者，汉族和契丹又不一心，又缺乏南宋那种地利，但是仍然打得可歌可泣，自杀的，被俘不屈的，数不胜数。可以说是站着死的，力不如人，尽力了。
而南宋呢，应该说是趴着死的。虽然战力和形势并不弱，襄阳，合州，潭州等几个打得还像回事，但总的来说，给人的感觉就像中国足球队一样，一样是输，输得太他妈的憋屈了。能抗金抗蒙打胜仗的，一般都没好下场，以抗蒙为例，余玠在四川被迫服毒自杀。余玠部下王惟忠，也被诬告潜通蒙古，处死。保卫钓鱼城奋勇抗战的王坚，被免去四川的兵权。置之闲地，抑郁而死。曹世雄截断涪州浮桥，阻击敌军，功居第一，被贬窜杀死。凡在抗战中支取官物作军需者，一律治罪，抗蒙立功的向士璧、印应飞，因此遭弹劾罢官，被逼死，家属又被拘偿付军需。最后勤王的寥寥无几。文天祥还不准来临安。因为他“猖狂”，“儿戏无益”。
崖山之战，大家跳海其实也是被胁迫的。张弘范怕手下的人跑路，宁可不去占据海口，还搞改进版的连环计，把大家都拴在一起。最后元军当然要用火攻了，大家跳海恐怕更多的是免得被火烧死被烟熏死，就跟911世贸有人宁可跳楼一样。
这一点值得肯定。
这是为什么日本1895-1932年对很多
中国知识分子统治阶层有致命的诱惑力。
崖山之后中华文化受到重创，这是
很多有识之士都注意到了的。http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t/History/32104747.html
至于日本学者怎样利用这个说法，A） 是
考虑怎样雪中送炭为华夏文明续嗣。B）
还是落井下石，假冒沧海遗珠。
哈哈，这就是世人自有公断。
至于海外老中怎样演绎3000年中国文化历史，
（从辉煌自我的春秋时代，没落到千年被奴役屠杀）
怎样理解救赎文化自我，抚平伤痕，
这就是我辈应该考虑的。
有个中东希腊人写了一本书“ANTI－FRAGILE”。
他要是知道中国历史，可能那本书的范例要
DOUBLE。
但是老中真正最有个性魅力创造力的时候其实还是
要去先秦。
至少现代中国人和先秦的人完全不同！
偶挺佩服那时的华夏国人，现代中国人嘛，不提也罢！
把自己的女人孩子扔给敌人，去寻死，这不是什么有气节，
而是怕到了极致。
艾！儒家文化下出来的文人精英，简直就是中华民族的祸害！
你个汉奸！
因此，其针对中国的文化宣传工作，力度很大，很巧妙。
日本的逻辑是：
1）对汉人说：清国里面，汉人是亡国奴，所以呢，日本不是侵略者。而是解放者，最
多是和满人平等的侵略者，而且日本还更好更进步一些。
2）对少数民族说：中国就是汉人的国家，满，蒙，回，藏，都应该是独立国家。日本
可以帮助你们独立建国。
关东军编写了一本书：《异民族侵略中国史》，作为给中国人看的历史教科书的，我从网络上下载了。
里面说得很清楚：崖山之后，无中国。
日本可以帮助汉人驱逐鞑虏，再造中华。
不过里面也说得很清楚，中国的领土就是长城以南，敦煌以东。这个中国领土内的满人回回蒙古都是侵略者，应该驱逐，这个领土以外的汉人也同样是侵略者，外来移民。
如果是精英，能不抵抗不悲愤乖乖地跳海。
1840年的中国vs西方，先是文化输了，所以才打仗输了。当然这些道理智商不够的无法理解。
基本上，專制種子在先秦已經種下，但直到蒙元，朱明，滿清三朝才葬送了中華。一般講，3代出一個貴族。其實就是說改變文化修養融入性格，至少要3代人。 蒙元祇是簡
單粗暴鎮壓，前後不到一百年3代人，就被漢人奪回江山。而滿清是肉體上精神上雙重
鎮壓近300年，十幾代人，積重難返。
确），50%的成语也都是春秋时代的，怎么就没中国了？
而且秦始皇也不过是焚书坑儒罢了。只坑了儒一家，为的是法家治国。只有愚弱民众才会拥护儒家什么慈悲为怀的屁话。
最野蛮的当然是日本，苏联第二。
德军也是唯一的严格遵守了国际公约的军队。
德国人自己说我们的男人到底在俄国干了什么……乌克兰农民都被逼反了……在法国也干出屠村的事儿，搞得法国后来为了续种一个男人战后能播种一片……
法国人打过去之后也没闲着，遭殃的德国人民都表示法国人比毛子还狠……
还日本最残暴。
你问问荷兰农民，再采访下汤恩伯，问汤大将军同意么？
南人就是拉帮结派搞垄断
朱元璋不这么杀，东林党搞垮大明提前200年
还是molen是你马甲？
行为艺术程度有点像。
你以为南人有文化是吧
东林党就是这帮的代表
宁肯亡国，死也要保持自己帮派的利益
想史可法，就是典型东林党
，扬州守了一天
宁死也要维护东林党
至于所谓的文化，维多利亚时期的礼仪习惯还有多少存在，八十年代希拉里的发型现在看都雷死人了……
lz引用的那段英文纯扯淡，简的使用成本相当低，而且那玩意寿命极长。西方还在用中世纪的西方未开化的农牧业经济水平研究东方农耕文明的传承，除了扯淡就是扯淡。在秦朝一个士兵都可以在前线给后方家里传送简书，这基本就是支部到连的级别给士兵写家信。秦灭六国实际导致六国贵族平民化，反而是促进了文明的传承。
任何一个西方国家都可能搞愚民成功，唯独中国不行，因为史记无法抹杀；当然，不读史记的sb除外~
现在中文网站上就有许多会中文的日本遗孤(六十岁左右)冒充中国人行挑拨离间，打击中国人自信心的活动。