Just 2 cents: Perhaps one of the most important issue affecting the history and development in China would be lack of organised religion! It seems most of the advanced countries do have a reasonably long history of organised religion, that would make them better developments in many fundamenetal aspects basically. Stability of military force, education and research facfilitates, construction and building technologies, various sciences and inventions creation, etc. Nowadays matbe they don''''t need or rely on organised religion so much because it has been deeply built in into their societies for too long time. However, CCP could be the first psudo-"organised-religion" in recent history, and the generated economic and political results have been practically seen and measured. Except the ethics apect, that has been the most critical part in many religions. In the US, both major parties are basically consisting of people believing the same religions. When CCP and KMT were breaking up China into forming two brands of China, perhaps that could be a result due to No common organised- religion (in China) in them and their followers. Can CCP gradually become an organised-religion led by God (the Universe), rather than by man? With strong ethics for their religious members?
Just 2 cents: Perhaps one of the most important issue affecting the history and development in China would be lack of organised religion! It seems most of the advanced countries do have a reasonably long history of organised religion, that would make them better developments in many fundamenetal aspects basically. Stability of military force, education and research facfilitates, construction and building technologies, various sciences and inventions creation, etc. Nowadays matbe they don''''t need or rely on organised religion so much because it has been deeply built in into their societies for too long time. However, CCP could be the first psudo-"organised-religion" in recent history, and the generated economic and political results have been practically seen and measured. Except the ethics apect, that has been the most critical part in many religions. In the US, both major parties are basically consisting of people believing the same religions. When CCP and KMT were breaking up China into forming two brands of China, perhaps that could be a result due to No common organised- religion (in China) in them and their followers. Can CCP gradually become an organised-religion led by God (the Universe), rather than by man? With strong ethics for their religious members?
For French Revolution, the French people had not change their bible, and the change was based on the bible principles. AFAIK 对于法国大革命，法国人民没有改变他们的圣经，而改变是基于圣经的原则。 据我所知 Q https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD 法国大革命，或称法兰西革命（法語：Révolution française， 1789年－1799年）是法國的一段社會激進與政治動盪的時期，對於法國歷史以及全歐洲都留下深刻廣泛影響。法国政治体制在大革命期间发生了众多转变：统治法国多个世纪的绝对君主制與封建制度在三年内土崩瓦解，过去的封建、贵族和宗教特权不断受到左翼政治團體、平民和鄉村農民的冲击[1]，传统君主制的階層觀念、貴族以及天主教會統治制度被自由、平等、博愛等新原則推翻。整個歐洲的皇室因而心生恐懼，因此在1814年發起反法討伐，並成功恢復君主制，但很多重大改革已成永久。革命導致各界對立，特別是共和派和保皇派在往後長達二百年的政治對立。 UQ
In other words, we basically lost almost 5,000 years to build up the wellness of China on land and soil for the people! Virtually speaking! Catch up work required? 换句话说，我们在为人民建立土地和土壤的健康方面基本上损失了将近5,000年！ 几乎可以说！ 需要赶上工作吗？
For French Revolution, the French people had not change their bible, and the change was based on the bible principles. AFAIK 对于法国大革命，法国人民没有改变他们的圣经，而改变是基于圣经的原则。 据我所知 Q https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD 法国大革命，或称法兰西革命（法語：Révolution française， 1789年－1799年）是法國的一段社會激進與政治動盪的時期，對於法國歷史以及全歐洲都留下深刻廣泛影響。法国政治体制在大革命期间发生了众多转变：统治法国多个世纪的绝对君主制與封建制度在三年内土崩瓦解，过去的封建、贵族和宗教特权不断受到左翼政治團體、平民和鄉村農民的冲击[1]，传统君主制的階層觀念、貴族以及天主教會統治制度被自由、平等、博愛等新原則推翻。整個歐洲的皇室因而心生恐懼，因此在1814年發起反法討伐，並成功恢復君主制，但很多重大改革已成永久。革命導致各界對立，特別是共和派和保皇派在往後長達二百年的政治對立。 UQ EvenOdd 发表于 2020-07-26 13:36
"改朝换代" ? imo, democracy is simply a human-oriented way (among others) of thinking things and doing things. I think many things about human oriented management theory, principle, practice and system were originated from the US, that provide suitable soil for inventive entrepreneurs. Making the US great! imo，民主只是思考事物和做事的一种以人为本的方式。 我认为有关以人为本的管理理论，原理，实践和体系的许多事情都起源于美国，这些都为有创造力的企业家提供了合适的土壤。 使美国变得伟大！
Just 2 cents: Perhaps one of the most important issue affecting the history and development in China would be lack of organised religion! It seems most of the advanced countries do have a reasonably long history of organised religion, that would make them better developments in many fundamenetal aspects basically. Stability of military force, education and research facfilitates, construction and building technologies, various sciences and inventions creation, etc. Nowadays matbe they don''''t need or rely on organised religion so much because it has been deeply built in into their societies for too long time. However, CCP could be the first psudo-"organised-religion" in recent history, and the generated economic and political results have been practically seen and measured. Except the ethics apect, that has been the most critical part in many religions. In the US, both major parties are basically consisting of people believing the same religions. When CCP and KMT were breaking up China into forming two brands of China, perhaps that could be a result due to No common organised- religion (in China) in them and their followers. Can CCP gradually become an organised-religion led by God (the Universe), rather than by man? With strong ethics for their religious members?
The western religious history did perhaps slow down scientific progress by some figures on one side, whether we know their existence or not, but most of the scientific progress was promoted by the religious infrastrucrute that allowed logical minds to carry out their studies and researches in suitable environment led by Christian authorities/institutions , without worrying much about living. Many were even priests! 利and弊！
Read Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures by Mary Baker Eddy. Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures is Mary Baker Eddy''s primary work and the ... UQ
Q Portrait purportedly of Bayes used in a 1936 book,[1] but it is doubtful whether the portrait is actually of him.[2] No earlier portrait or claimed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bayes Thomas Bayes (/beɪz/; c. 1701 – 7 April 1761)[2][3][note 1] was an English statistician, philosopher and Presbyterian minister who is known for formulating a specific case of the theorem that bears his name: Bayes'''' theorem. Bayes never published what would become his most famous accomplishment; his notes were edited and published after his death by Richard Price.[4] UQ BTW, how many of them below were not Christians (nominated) during that period ? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founders_of_statistics
There could be a valid view that the western world historically for a long period of time made use their organised religion system applied to politics, to certain degree, in order to overcome many of human nature weaknesses. Rather than walking, living and working without nationally unified directions. 可能有一种有效的观点，即西方长期以来在历史上一直将其有组织的宗教制度在一定程度上用于政治，以克服许多人性弱点。 而不是在没有全国统一指示的情况下步行，生活和工作。
The western culture historically for so many years was based on bible stories. They promote living for purpose, to honour God(Universe/Nature). Rather than hounor any man. Frankly, many of the bible stories are fairly inspirational, and encouraging. Sometimes, even giving birth of revolutions! Whether we like the names callled organised religions and Christianality/Islam/Judaism or not. The reality is they belong to Human (nature) oriented culture! 多年来，西方文化一直以圣经故事为基础。 他们提倡有目的的生活，以荣耀上帝（宇宙/自然）。 而不是尊敬任何人。 坦白说，许多圣经故事都颇具启发性和鼓舞性。 有时，甚至诞生了革命！ 我们是否喜欢被称为有组织的宗教和基督教/伊斯兰教/犹太教的名字。 现实是它们属于人类（自然）文化！
Democracy could be one of the best ways, but it may or may not be the only way, possibly, imo. What the old China was lacking an organised religion, or a practical philosophy, such as Stoicism. which surely affects Christianality during Jesus era due to its top popularity status before Jesus was born. Hard to name a practical philosophy in China''s history that Chinese people know and understand. Partly or mainly most Chinese people were least educated. Perhaps no single book like the bible is read and studied by general public in order to base on for decisions. How then can the top rulers tried to do something that the general public would never learn or understand? BYW, we don''t even know why those rulers didn''t want the general public learn letters and readings from books in China''s history??? We did invent Printing technolgy in China, didn''t we? Good or great for economy development and useful for inproving quality of life!, isn''t it? 民主可能是最好的方法之一，但也许不是唯一的方法，也许是imo。
Perhaps the lack of a unified practical philosophy for honouring God/Universe/Nature provided freely to the public due to mainly having no education, that has single-handedly slowed down the cultural and economic growth in China for alost 5,0000 years! I do hope I am wrong about this! 也许由于主要没有受过教育,而且缺乏免费向公众免费提供敬拜上帝/宇宙/自然的统一实践哲学，这单方面减缓了中国的文化和经济发展长达50000年！ 我确实希望我错了！
Just 2 cents words: Based on the posts of feedback, comments and analysis in this thread, I would venture to find possibilities for the future time in order to smooth existing tension internationally. Seemingly, few potential steps/attempts for the purpose of perpetual peace world can be tried as follows: 1st stage. The US would be hard to give up their religion Christinality, and China CCP could mindfully and easily register as a chapter of Catholic system, to become officiallly a Christian denomination. Perhaps all citizens in China should willingly become Christians themselves first for accompliching this vision. 2nd stage. After the US observe more concrete changes in the future in China, and realise that all Chinese and even CCP are Christian sisters and brothers under the Catholic unbella, which is virtually governed by the natural rules of God/Universe/Nature, most likely the US would provide their helping hands for assisting China for many required reforms and improvements. Joined forces by these two countries then would easily help reducing poverty while improving public health in any places around the world. 3rd stage ... ... ... ... 只需2美分的字： 基于此主题中的反馈，评论和分析，我将冒险寻找将来的可能性，以缓解国际上现有的紧张局势。看来，为实现永久和平世界而采取的潜在步骤/尝试可以几个尝试如下： 第一阶段。美国将很难放弃其基督教的基督教，而中国共产党则可以轻而易举地注册成为天主教体系的一部分，正式成为基督教教派。也许中国的所有公民都应该愿意首先成为实现这一愿景的基督徒。 第二阶段。美国观察到中国未来的具体变化之后，意识到所有中国人甚至中共都是天主教徒下的基督教姐妹和兄弟，这实际上受上帝/宇宙/自然法则的支配，很可能是美国将提供援助之手，以协助中国进行许多必要的改革和改进。那么，由这两个国家联合起来将很容易帮助减轻贫困，同时改善世界各地的公共卫生状况。 第三阶段。 …… ... ...
There could be a valid view that the western world historically for a long period of time made use their organised religion system applied to politics, to certain degree, in order to overcome many of human nature weaknesses. Rather than walking, living and working without nationally unified directions. 可能有一种有效的观点，即西方长期以来在历史上一直将其有组织的宗教制度在一定程度上用于政治，以克服许多人性弱点。 而不是在没有全国统一指示的情况下步行，生活和工作。 EvenOdd 发表于 2020-07-26 18:43
Sorry for my incompetence and weakness in communications, both literally and also verbally. Especially due to time limitation! Fun time, indeed! Bye Friends! 很抱歉，我在字面上和口头上都缺乏沟通能力和沟通能力。 特别是由于时间限制！ 确实很有趣！ 再见朋友们！
Perhaps the lack of a unified practical philosophy for honouring God/Universe/Nature provided freely to the public due to mainly having no education, that has single-handedly slowed down the cultural and economic growth in China for alost 5,0000 years! I do hope I am wrong about this! 也许由于主要没有受过教育,而且缺乏免费向公众免费提供敬拜上帝/宇宙/自然的统一实践哲学，这单方面减缓了中国的文化和经济发展长达50000年！ 我确实希望我错了！ EvenOdd 发表于 2020-07-26 19:53
牢骚太盛防肠断，风物长宜放眼量。
中国的汉人不也人种都换了?
我估计他/她还要说领地的农夫们吃的多好云云，大概知道是谁的马甲了哈哈。小贵族有个名字但是没财产没领地的还是很多，大贵族其实也免不了，比如法国一般为了保护土地财产的完整，长子之外常常会被逼着进教会进军队，女儿没嫁妆就不能出嫁，直接进修道院当修女，然后被封个修道院院长之类的，也算是国王给的补贴，变相“封地”。
民主有很多弊端，最大弊端就是如果愚民占多数，真不可想，比起民主其实更重要的是法治。
就拿英国的那个说，名字不一样，但是都有血缘关系。清朝和明朝种族都不一样，没有可比性
那好像也是老百姓的意思，不热泪盈眶的好像是少数，文革就是宗教狂热，民主就是多数压倒少数，合在一起就是悲剧。
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是啊，一边是无产阶级专政的铁拳，一边是绝对控制的宣传。老百姓敢没这意思吗？ 就这样，也就挺了两三年，到70年就完球了。
没可比性的其实是楼主的问题 你还没get到我笑的是啥
不过说起来英国看着是有血缘关系 实际上那血雨腥风蛋糕洗牌也相当挺厉害 你想想下要是包邮区只有上海这么多人口 然后打好几次。。。
然后就转变拥抱资本主义了，中国文明的生命力啊。
说得真不错。
顺便感慨一下：作为在大陆长大的美国新移民，我很庆幸自己在文化身份认同上没有认知障碍。我承认这是一种"privilege," 感觉香港年轻一代和abc及美国其他少数族裔没有我这么幸运。
肯定不是只有中国，至少高丽 安南 暹罗 日本也是各种形式的改朝换代。 至于欧洲，统一都木有哪门子改朝换代?
１. 大一统国家，君权至上－》人治社会的腐败 ２. 农业社会，资源与人口的矛盾。人口增加同时土地兼并－》人均资源越来越少－》揭竿而起社会动荡－》新一轮重新分配
------------------------- 哇好久不来，居然还有人／bot 盯着我踩？这种回帖都莫名其妙被踩一脚？多谢关注哈。
中国人种族融合这么多次你视而不见
你说的这个是对的
而且民主的形式也很重要 一人一票就很容易被带到沟里面去 这个和民众是否愚民无关 跟社会信息流通体系结构有关系。就算再当下，cnn abc这些左派媒体还是试图歪曲事实操纵民众。
所以民主是分层次的，在底层要上级指派，避免贿选发生。中层要通过选票表达民意，高层要靠代理人制度搞精英民主。
民主制度已经在人类社会实践了这么多年，只要想搞是肯定能搞好的。
中国也换的差不多了啊
中国历史上的种族大屠杀大灭绝（超过50%人口消失）不下10次 元朝的屠杀更是搞掉了中国90%+的人口，造成了今天汉族人口血统超级纯正，就是当时几个大家族活下来繁衍开来的
蒙古没有补给线 他的战争必须能将战利品送回蒙古才行 否则就没意义了
蒙古没有占领并建设某地的欲望和想法 就是单纯的掠夺
对 科举如果从产生来看源于东汉 隋朝是真正作为制度流转 唐朝是科举制度的早期实践 如果从真正对社会产生影响来看是宋朝
就是《万历十五年》嘛 黄仁宇先生老早就看出来了 这真是一本难得的讲历史的好书
早就加到屏蔽名单了。别跟这样的id浪费时间
赞👍这个回答，华人网友水平真高！
中国教育出来的都不假思索的称赞大一统，我最近也才慢慢回过味来反思大一统
我很悲观。 华盛顿的出现一方面是他个人的伟大，但也有很多文化和地理的原因。如果不改变文化（比改变制度还要难），很难出现突变的。
沙子地里种不了庄稼呀。
中国人不说和古人，去和香港台湾人比比都不是一类人了。以前有这许多无耻之徒吗？一代代改朝换代，正直之士被杀得越来越少，剩下的大多是腹黑或者贪生怕死之辈。没错，也包括我，我也只敢在网上放嘴炮。
保的是共产党的“业”，不是中国，也不是中国人民。当中国人民的利益妨碍共产党的“业”的时候，就会牺牲人民利益
Just 2 cents:
Perhaps one of the most important issue affecting the history and development in China would be lack of organised religion!
It seems most of the advanced countries do have a reasonably long history of organised religion, that would make them better developments in many fundamenetal aspects basically. Stability of military force, education and research facfilitates, construction and building technologies, various sciences and inventions creation, etc.
Nowadays matbe they don''''t need or rely on organised religion so much because it has been deeply built in into their societies for too long time.
However, CCP could be the first psudo-"organised-religion" in recent history, and the generated economic and political results have been practically seen and measured. Except the ethics apect, that has been the most critical part in many religions.
In the US, both major parties are basically consisting of people believing the same religions.
When CCP and KMT were breaking up China into forming two brands of China, perhaps that could be a result due to No common organised- religion (in China) in them and their followers.
Can CCP gradually become an organised-religion led by God (the Universe), rather than by man? With strong ethics for their religious members?
只需2美分：
影响中国历史和发展的最重要问题之一可能是缺乏有组织的宗教！
似乎大多数先进国家的确有相当长的组织宗教历史，这将使它们基本上在基本原理上有更好的发展。军队的稳定性，教育和研究设施，建筑技术，各种科学和发明创造等
如今，他们不再需要或过于依赖有组织的宗教，因为它已经在他们的社会中深深扎根了很长时间。
然而，中共可能是近代史上第一个伪“有组织的宗教”，所产生的经济和政治成果已得到实际观察和衡量。除了道德方面，这是许多宗教中最关键的部分。
在美国，两个主要政党基本上都由信仰相同宗教的人们组成。
当中共和国民党将中国分裂成两个中国品牌时，可能是由于他们及其追随者之间没有共同的组织宗教（在中国）导致的。
中共能否逐渐成为以上帝（宇宙）而不是人类为主导的有组织的宗教？对他们的宗教成员具有强烈的道德操守吗？
中国的宗教不是说是儒家么？
自然，道教也算，但是道教太逍遥了，道家子弟都懒得去到处传播。
God? Church? Meet and worship All Sundays? Bible and reading/teaching? Organisation and leaders/structure? Donation, finance and charity work? Theology and university studies/research? etc. etc. 神？ 教会？ 逢周日见面并崇拜？ 圣经和阅读/教学？ 组织和领导者/结构？ 捐赠，财务和慈善工作？ 神学和大学学习/研究？ 等等等
Q https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99
制度性宗教（英語：institutional religion[1]或organized religion），宗教类型学概念，指自身具有独特神学或宇宙解释系统、形式化崇拜祭祀系统及其崇拜象徵(神明、靈魂及其形象)，并具有独立人事组织去促成神学观点阐释和祭祀活动进行的宗教。从结构角度而言，制度性宗教自身可独立于世俗的社会体系之外，从而在某种程度上与之相分离，被視為是一種宗教生活體系。[2] 概念 大眾媒體以「制度性宗教」來指代世界上最大的宗教團體，尤其是國際上廣為人知的宗教（如佛教、道教、基督教等），它也指可以合法地以個人名義加入的宗教。 自新石器時代以來，隨著文明和農業的興起，制度性宗教似乎已經普遍盛行。制度性宗教可能是一個國家的官方宗教，如國教。而大多數政治國家都准許存在多個制度性宗教。由於制度性宗教的組織化，標準化和易於推廣的特性，制度性宗教多為世界上主要的宗教團體，如基督教、伊斯蘭教和猶太教等亞伯拉罕諸教和印度教、佛教中一些流派等印度宗教。而沒有被認為是制度性宗教，或是組織比較鬆散的宗教，包括許多土著和民間宗教，如傳統的非洲宗教，美洲原住民宗教和史前宗教，以及個人宗教，包括一些印度教的流派。 與民間宗教的關係 「制度性宗教」和「民間宗教」兩者之間為相互依賴的關係。 民間宗教需依賴制度性宗教發展其獨特神學或宇宙理念，制度性宗教提供其神明、精靈或其他崇拜象徵，創造形式化崇拜儀式和供奉方式，在制度性宗教的神職人員的指導下學習和進行宗教活 動。而制度性宗教則依賴為民間宗教提供的技術支援以維持自身經營發展。 如：中國民間信仰：混合佛教與道教，以自然崇拜、圖騰崇拜、祖先崇拜以及其他地方神靈崇拜為核心，缺乏統一信仰體系和宗教經典，具有地域性、分散性、自發性、民間性的非制度化的自然宗教及其相關信仰習俗。 UQ
神權政治是以宗教信仰作為政治的主導的政治體制。此概念自古有之，如尊奉伊斯兰教法的伊斯兰国家，及今日的沙烏地阿拉伯、伊朗伊斯蘭共和國等。 中世紀時代歐洲也是屬於天主教神權政治，在教權大於政權的年代，教宗的權力很大，足以支配、壟斷整個歐洲的政治、軍事、社會甚至經濟。 UQ
Q https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD
法国大革命，或称法兰西革命（法語：Révolution française， 1789年－1799年）是法國的一段社會激進與政治動盪的時期，對於法國歷史以及全歐洲都留下深刻廣泛影響。法国政治体制在大革命期间发生了众多转变：统治法国多个世纪的绝对君主制與封建制度在三年内土崩瓦解，过去的封建、贵族和宗教特权不断受到左翼政治團體、平民和鄉村農民的冲击[1]，传统君主制的階層觀念、貴族以及天主教會統治制度被自由、平等、博愛等新原則推翻。整個歐洲的皇室因而心生恐懼，因此在1814年發起反法討伐，並成功恢復君主制，但很多重大改革已成永久。革命導致各界對立，特別是共和派和保皇派在往後長達二百年的政治對立。 UQ
换句话说，我们在为人民建立土地和土壤的健康方面基本上损失了将近5,000年！ 几乎可以说！ 需要赶上工作吗？
文明还是国家轮。文明双方都三千年吧 国家，国庆七十年阅兵才结束不到一年。
举孝廉 举孝廉 举孝廉 制度不同谁跟你说只有“贵族”？ 李斯是贵族吗？ 公孙弘是贵族吗？ 舔科举的东西屁股就歪到爪哇国去了，还能看进去么？ 还四大发明，中国的四大发明是英国人的一大发明。 乾隆也成了明君，我勒个去，真想飚脏话了，苍天大地，怎么会有文盲昭然若揭的在这发表谬论？！
四大发明是老蒋资助的。 老蒋两大遗产，四大发明和十一段线
他的确说过，但最后还是走了，独裁的老路， 糖衣炮弹， 个人难以抵抗， 做皇帝太爽了
辩证法，事物有生就有灭。
日本也改朝换代。因为天皇看起来是万世一系，实际上是虚君。
自由平等博爱和耶稣没关系，和亚伯拉罕三教信我者昌，逆我者亡的主旨相反，反方面的君权神授倒有点关系。
观点很好。
我觉得中国朝代更替的一个重要原因就是文明进步停滞，但是又不对扩张殖民。本来250年的王朝，如果下南洋殖民，估计可以延续到400年。
现在西方科技进步到达瓶颈，也出现内卷化趋势。就是增量没有了，大家都在抢存量了。
imo, democracy is simply a human-oriented way (among others) of thinking things and doing things.
I think many things about human oriented management theory, principle, practice and system were originated from the US, that provide suitable soil for inventive entrepreneurs.
Making the US great!
imo，民主只是思考事物和做事的一种以人为本的方式。
我认为有关以人为本的管理理论，原理，实践和体系的许多事情都起源于美国，这些都为有创造力的企业家提供了合适的土壤。
使美国变得伟大！
不客气的说，如果西方没有被耶教横扫，导致文明被灭，整体进入黑暗时代，人类进入太空可能要早上千年。西方的现代文明就是在扔掉宗教这个包裹后才继续发展的。organized religion，特别是亚伯拉罕三教这类的一神教，是人类文明历史最大的毒瘤。
你看看中国人口从西汉到东汉再到三国时期怎么变化的。 改朝换代说起来简单，真正发生的时候还不是“兴，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦？”
中国老百姓和精英还是想换汤不换药，从来只想换个皇帝，没想过改个没有皇帝也限制人当皇帝的制度，
Pros and Cons!
The western religious history did perhaps slow down scientific progress by some figures on one side, whether we know their existence or not, but most of the scientific progress was promoted by the religious infrastrucrute that allowed logical minds to carry out their studies and researches in suitable environment led by Christian authorities/institutions , without worrying much about living. Many were even priests!
利and弊！
西方宗教史也许确实一方面减缓了某些人物的科学进步，无论我们是否知道他们的存在，但大多数科学进步是由宗教基础设施推动的，宗教基础设施允许逻辑思维者以适当的方式进行研究。 基督教当局/机构领导的环境，而不必担心生活。 许多甚至是牧师！
Q Search Results Web results
List of Catholic clergy scientists - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org › wiki › List_of_Catholic_clergy_scie...
This is a list of Catholic churchmen throughout history who have made contributions to science. ... José María Algué (1856–1930) – priest and meteorologist who invented the barocyclonometer; José Antonio de ... the transit of Mercury; best known intellectual project attempted to reconcile Epicurean atomism with Christianity ...
List of Christians in science and technology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org › wiki › List_of_Christians_in_science...
He wrote on astronomy and theology. Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655): Catholic priest who tried to reconcile Atomism with Christianity. He also published the first ... 19th century (1801–1900) · 20th century (1901–2000) · Currently living
About Those Nine Great Priest-Scientists.... - Forbes www.forbes.com › sites › johnfarrell › 2014/03/27 › ab...
Mar 27, 2014 - And he was not the only priest-scientist who suffered humiliation for trying to reconcile evolution with Christianity. A good overview is provided ...
5 Of The Most Influential Catholic Scientists You Didn''t Know www.coraevans.com › blog › article › 5-influential-cat...
Oct 27, 2019 - Science developed in Europe because medieval Christians believed the ... Before being ordained a priest in the Society of Jesus, he published ...
The Christian Science Pastor - Christian Science www.christianscience.com › the-christian-science-pastor
Read Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures by Mary Baker Eddy. Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures is Mary Baker Eddy''s primary work and the ...
UQ
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bayes
Thomas Bayes (/beɪz/; c. 1701 – 7 April 1761)[2][3][note 1] was an English statistician, philosopher and Presbyterian minister who is known for formulating a specific case of the theorem that bears his name: Bayes'''' theorem. Bayes never published what would become his most famous accomplishment; his notes were edited and published after his death by Richard Price.[4] UQ
BTW, how many of them below were not Christians (nominated) during that period ?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founders_of_statistics
伽利略·伽利莱（Galileo Galilei，義大利語：[ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi] ；1564年2月15日－1642年1月8日）[1][2][3]，義大利物理學家、數學家、天文學家及哲學家，科學革命中的重要人物。其成就包括改進望遠鏡和其所帶來的天文觀測，以及支持哥白尼的日心说。伽利略做实验证明，感受到引力的物体并不是呈等速運動，而是呈加速度運動；物體只要不受到外力的作用，就會保持其原來的靜止狀態或勻速運動狀態不變。他又發表惯性原理阐明，未感受到外力作用的物体会保持不變其原來的靜止狀態或勻速運動狀態。伽利略被譽為“現代觀測天文學之父”[4]、“現代物理學之父”[5]、科学方法之父[6]、“科學之父”[5]及“現代科學之父”[7]。
... ...
去世
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E8%8E%B1
1632年9月，伽利略被传唤到罗马接受审讯。他与1633年2月到达，被审判者文森佐·麦克莱恩[88]指控。在整个审讯过程中，伽利略坚持自己信守诺言，没有宣扬任何禁言，甚至在起初否认为禁言辩护。然而，他最后不得不被迫承认，《对话》的读者可能会被误导，认为它是在为哥白尼学说辩护。另一种观点认为伽利略甚至称1616年后他放弃了哥白尼学说，甚至在《对话》中证明了这一点。在1633年7月的最后审讯中，他被威胁到如果不坦白交代，就对他用刑。但他坚持否认[89]。裁判庭6月22日的判决包括了3个核心部分： 伽利略被判“有强烈异端嫌疑”，即声称太阳在宇宙的中心，地球不是中心而且在运动着，对持有并为此辩驳者与神圣经文相悖。他必须“发誓放弃、诅咒并厌弃”这样的观点[90]。 異端審判庭指示将他正式拘捕，第二天他将会在家中终身软禁[91]。 他的悖逆的《对话》将被查封；在判决之外，他所有的著作将被查封，今后他不能再继续著书[92]。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei
天主教对伽利略的重新认定 1718年，天主教會放鬆對伽利略部份著作的禁令，允許他部份著作在佛羅倫斯印行，但是《關於托勒密和哥白尼兩大世界體系的對話》仍然遭到禁止[182]。1741年，教宗本篤十四世授權，允許他所有在科學方面著作都能夠出版，包括经过审查修改的《对话》。[183]1758年，天主教會將伽利略的著作由禁書目錄中移除，但是《對話》和哥白尼的《天体运行论》的一些未被审查版本仍然在名單中。[184]直到1853年，伽利略的所有著作才從禁書目錄中被完全移除。 UQ
There could be a valid view that the western world historically for a long period of time made use their organised religion system applied to politics, to certain degree, in order to overcome many of human nature weaknesses. Rather than walking, living and working without nationally unified directions. 可能有一种有效的观点，即西方长期以来在历史上一直将其有组织的宗教制度在一定程度上用于政治，以克服许多人性弱点。 而不是在没有全国统一指示的情况下步行，生活和工作。
荷兰, 英国发展很快很快, 建立了股票市场, 议会体制等等, 很快就进入了现代资本主义社会.
而 17世纪的中国 根本产生不了 现代体制啊,
还在野蛮, 残忍的明朝末期, 社会极其野蛮, 残忍, 黑暗, 没有任何科学和技术.
和 欧洲的 17世纪完全不能比.
说得好👏👏
Frankly, many of the bible stories are fairly inspirational, and encouraging. Sometimes, even giving birth of revolutions!
Whether we like the names callled organised religions and Christianality/Islam/Judaism or not.
The reality is they belong to Human (nature) oriented culture!
多年来，西方文化一直以圣经故事为基础。 他们提倡有目的的生活，以荣耀上帝（宇宙/自然）。 而不是尊敬任何人。
坦白说，许多圣经故事都颇具启发性和鼓舞性。 有时，甚至诞生了革命！
我们是否喜欢被称为有组织的宗教和基督教/伊斯兰教/犹太教的名字。
现实是它们属于人类（自然）文化！
这些统治者才是真正的祸国殃民
你怎么不说欧洲中世纪野蛮残忍黑暗呢……
Democracy could be one of the best ways, but it may or may not be the only way, possibly, imo.
What the old China was lacking an organised religion, or a practical philosophy, such as Stoicism. which surely affects Christianality during Jesus era due to its top popularity status before Jesus was born.
Hard to name a practical philosophy in China''s history that Chinese people know and understand. Partly or mainly most Chinese people were least educated. Perhaps no single book like the bible is read and studied by general public in order to base on for decisions.
How then can the top rulers tried to do something that the general public would never learn or understand? BYW, we don''t even know why those rulers didn''t want the general public learn letters and readings from books in China''s history???
We did invent Printing technolgy in China, didn''t we? Good or great for economy development and useful for inproving quality of life!, isn''t it?
民主可能是最好的方法之一，但也许不是唯一的方法，也许是imo。
旧中国缺乏有组织的宗教或实用的哲学，例如斯多葛主义。 由于耶稣出生之前的最高知名度，这肯定会在耶稣时代影响基督教。
很难说中国人民知道和理解的中国历史上的实践哲学。 大多数或部分中国人受教育程度最低。 也许没有任何一本像圣经这样的书被普通大众阅读和研究以作为决策依据。
那么，最高统治者又该如何尝试做一些普通民众永远不会学到或理解的事情？ BYW，我们甚至都不知道为什么那些统治者不希望公众从中国历史书籍中学习信件和阅读材料？？？
我们在中国发明了印刷技术，不是吗？ 是对经济发展有好处，还对改善生活质量有用！
老毛的类似话多了。 56年说过八司马事件时就说过,中国的社会主义搞不好，就会搞成苏联那样的极权统治，或成为德国法西斯，与其那样，还不如英美的民主制度呢。
现在看说的正确极了，没用！
西方文明和基督教不可分开的。 这点看不出来，就算了。 没基督教，连马列也没有，你共也不会存在了。
怕比较。和我鳖比比
Perhaps the lack of a unified practical philosophy for honouring God/Universe/Nature provided freely to the public due to mainly having no education, that has single-handedly slowed down the cultural and economic growth in China for alost 5,0000 years!
I do hope I am wrong about this!
也许由于主要没有受过教育,而且缺乏免费向公众免费提供敬拜上帝/宇宙/自然的统一实践哲学，这单方面减缓了中国的文化和经济发展长达50000年！
我确实希望我错了！
楼主的本意应该是改朝换代的血腥。 中国改朝换代太血腥了，西方很少见。
可惜现在在ccp这种武装到牙齿的统治阶级面前，饿死也没能力造反了。你看59-61年饿死了3千万农民ccp可是连个道歉都没有不还是自己的统治固若金汤？
Q 马克思主义与基督教神学- 知乎 zhuanlan.zhihu.com › ...
Oct 16, 2015 - 这些观念如何和基督教神学有关呢？马克思于1844年写成的政治及经济手稿中，主张所有宗教（马氏没有将个别宗教做出区分，但是在孕育马氏的 ...
[转载]马列主义和基督教有百分之九＋九的共同点！（基督徒 ... blog.sina.com.cn › ...
- May 7, 2015 - [转载]马列主义和基督教有百分之九＋九的共同点！（基督徒吴耀宗所认识的马列主义）_张正德_新浪博客,张正德, UQ
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Q 马克思经济视觉下的信仰思想探讨论文
https://www.zhazhi.com/lunwen/zzfl/mlzy/490.html
在马克思看来，基督教之所以是适合资本主义商品经济社会的宗教，是由于基督教与资本主义的拜金主义原则之间有共同点，即资本主义社会中人们对货币的崇拜就像基督教中人们对基督的崇拜一样，是一种对中介者或中介物的崇拜。马克思写道：“基督最初代表：(1)上帝面前的人；(2)人面前的上帝；(3)人面前的人。同样，货币按照自己的概念最初代表：(1)为了私有财产的私有财产；(2)为了私有财产的社会；(3)为了社会的私有财产。”⑨“基督是外化的上帝和外化的人。上帝只有在它代表基督时才有价值；人也只有在他代表基督时才有价值。货币的情况也是一样。”⑩在马克思看来，人只有通过基督这个中介，才能接近上帝，实现自身的价值，同样上帝也只有通过基督这个中介，才能为人们所认识和崇拜，体现出自己的价值。而且，由于基督是人与上帝之间的中介，因而也进一步成为人与人之间的中介。就是说，不同的人可以由于都相信基督而成为基督教徒，从而彼此联系起来。 UQ
没有神学建立的学术系统，有个屁的现代科学，
Based on the posts of feedback, comments and analysis in this thread, I would venture to find possibilities for the future time in order to smooth existing tension internationally. Seemingly, few potential steps/attempts for the purpose of perpetual peace world can be tried as follows:
1st stage. The US would be hard to give up their religion Christinality, and China CCP could mindfully and easily register as a chapter of Catholic system, to become officiallly a Christian denomination. Perhaps all citizens in China should willingly become Christians themselves first for accompliching this vision.
2nd stage. After the US observe more concrete changes in the future in China, and realise that all Chinese and even CCP are Christian sisters and brothers under the Catholic unbella, which is virtually governed by the natural rules of God/Universe/Nature, most likely the US would provide their helping hands for assisting China for many required reforms and improvements. Joined forces by these two countries then would easily help reducing poverty while improving public health in any places around the world.
3rd stage ... ...
...
...
只需2美分的字：
基于此主题中的反馈，评论和分析，我将冒险寻找将来的可能性，以缓解国际上现有的紧张局势。看来，为实现永久和平世界而采取的潜在步骤/尝试可以几个尝试如下：
第一阶段。美国将很难放弃其基督教的基督教，而中国共产党则可以轻而易举地注册成为天主教体系的一部分，正式成为基督教教派。也许中国的所有公民都应该愿意首先成为实现这一愿景的基督徒。
第二阶段。美国观察到中国未来的具体变化之后，意识到所有中国人甚至中共都是天主教徒下的基督教姐妹和兄弟，这实际上受上帝/宇宙/自然法则的支配，很可能是美国将提供援助之手，以协助中国进行许多必要的改革和改进。那么，由这两个国家联合起来将很容易帮助减轻贫困，同时改善世界各地的公共卫生状况。
第三阶段。 ……
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这个1852年就试过了。要不懂的话，可以去了解天朝田亩制度。不过还是建议你赶紧去说服参议员提出法案，这届还真有可能听取。
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Fun time, indeed!
Bye Friends!
很抱歉，我在字面上和口头上都缺乏沟通能力和沟通能力。 特别是由于时间限制！
确实很有趣！
再见朋友们！
文艺复兴之前的黑暗时代举出几个科学发展的例子？西方文明和耶教当然是密不可分，那是历史的一部分，西方现代文明就是逐渐摆脱宗教影响才能发展到现在的。讲真吧，美国现在为神马病毒传染搞不定，和百年前一样多谢宗教，认为一切都在上帝的意志的，科学家是魔鬼的，反口罩的那批人，基本没有不信教的，真是愚昧的产物，和李大师没神马区别🤷♀️
这是个bot?
我是自己总结的，虽然我不欣赏黄仁宇，但至少在这点上我们见解一致。
一，教会首先观念上帝面前，人人平等。没这个衍生不出平等观念和自由意识，自然没有科学。这一点现在中国还没有呐。
二，基督教提倡纯粹理性，经院神学进行了基于理性论证上帝存在的尝试。牛顿弄牛顿定律就是为了证明上帝存在啊。他可不是晚年才信上帝，他搞科学是为了证明上帝存在。牛顿用理性证明：若非在物理定律的精确细节上的一系列令人吃惊的巧合，象人类这样的生命永远不可能形成。 这点，中国现在还是没有理性意识存在，让你信就你就必须得信。
三，基督神学认为上帝对于自然的设计中有普遍性准则。这个影响量子论之前几乎所有科学家，去建立统一理论来确保自然准则的合法性。这执念源于基督教神学，阿奎那等人构建基于逻辑的严密神学体系，而后继的大量科学研究也是基于寻找普遍性与逻辑性。现在写论文的整套规矩就是教会起始的。 西方哲学科学不分家，就是基于这个。你鳖还差得远。
四，教会创办学校和大学是人类最早有组织的大规模教育，教会还创办图书馆，医院，是近代民族国家出现之前仅有的科学场所。大学，学校，图书馆，医院，你鳖儒释道，那个干过这个？
为什么利玛窦之流来到中国可以修天文日历，因为修道士的教育就包括数学，科学，天文。基督教的理念是用这个像野蛮人展示上帝的伟大。儒释道，哪个能干这个？
教士群体比如耶稣会都是对于科学有着极大兴趣的人，无论是哥白尼、孟德尔都是教士群体，笛卡尔等人的虔诚信仰更是坚定，最早的学术圈就是基于普世教会的联系下建立，采用通信手段来维持的圈子。耶稣会是当时科学素养最高的团体。一直到工业革命前教会都是科学界最大的资助来源。
教会为科学家提供了启蒙教育，提供资助、提供学术圈和学术会议场所，进行了严密的逻辑训练，给科研以神圣性质，提供了科学方法论。然后你说他对科研毫无积极作用，骗自己吗？
至于说反口罩，最早反的不是福奇，WHO吗？ 他们肯定也信教就是了。
吕后到汉武帝之前都是采取黄老治国，休养生息，到汉武帝开始独尊儒术，开始解决边患，内部又开始实行推恩令，解决了诸王内斗，不过抗击匈奴国力消耗很大，晚年开始调整，政策都是随国力调整，很有弹性，这也是能够享国200多年之久。
1，信的上天堂，不信下地狱，这叫平等？耶稣说，不好把孩子的饭给狗吃，也就是所谓外邦人，被称为狗也平等？那可是犹太人里最侮辱性的言论哦。 2，牛顿不信三位一体，根本不信耶稣，变神棍后就毫无成就了。 3，神学起源于用哲学解释神，这可是古典时代的影响哦，和目前的那些宗教节日一样。 4，最早的大学其实是穆斯林建立的，虽然也是亚伯拉罕三教，最有名的图书馆亚历山大大图书馆就是被教徒毁掉的哦，怎么连图书馆都要归功于自己了LOL
教徒肯定是做了些好事的，这么长的历史起到些推动力也是肯定的，但这个和宗教无关，恰好这宗教打击了人文思想，控制了思想言论自由。
re, 最关键就是这个弹性