quote 如下： I performed BLASTn and Clustal alignment on the Wuhan coronavirus and cross-annotated missing CDS regions. I found that Bat SARS-like CoVZXC21 and Bat SARS-like CoVZC45 are the most similar coronaviruses. The sequences are different at quite a few silent point mutations but sufficiently close (95-93%) to indicate a lineage that has not diverged significantly- this is a recent strain with a close common ancestor. Some regions don’t even have silent mutations. It is very different from MERS, and sufficiently different from SARS that it doesn’t appear to be a containment breach from the Wuhan BSL4 lab. Also doesn’t look like a bioweapon as some suggested, there are no telltale codon optimizations for other species, no cloning scars, no inserted digestion sites flanking blocks, and the mutations are sporadic and not entire blocks in motifs. If it *were* a bioweapon it would be an ineffective one. Additionally, the nucleoprotein appears to have two frameshifted genes interwoven in it as part of viral hyperefficient evolution, and they are mostly conserved with a few single amino acid substitutions.
Several of the genes bear 100% amino acid homology to the Bat SARS-like viruses. There are two notable mutations. First, the glutamic and aspartic acid rich regions in the polyprotein are elongated with more inserted E/D indicative of negative charge interaction sites. Glutamic acid sites in viral polyproteins are essential for viral life cycles, and their cleavage is able to induce specific transcription of viral enzyme subsets.
Second, the spike protein contains an elongation in the ~250/480AA region. This is significant since spikes are what recognize host cells and enable infection. The MERS spike recognizes DDP4 while the SARS spike recognizes ACE2, so mutations can cause receptor binding to vary wildly. Interestingly, this spike appears similar to the HIV spike protein and I think HIV neutralizing binder drugs might be efficacious- I checked the news and china has indeed had the same idea and begun using HIV drugs as treatment.
It seems obvious to me that the virus is a bat zoonotic transmission that arose through a random insertion in the spike protein that refolded into human compatibility and adjusted for a different life cycle. Given the 100% homology of the envelope proteins to the bat SARS-like viruses it is likely this virus survives similarly outside the human body for days with a logarithmic drop in viability typical of coronaviruses and will spread very quickly. The snake codon paper is hot garbage.
quote 如下： I performed BLASTn and Clustal alignment on the Wuhan coronavirus and cross-annotated missing CDS regions. I found that Bat SARS-like CoVZXC21 and Bat SARS-like CoVZC45 are the most similar coronaviruses. The sequences are different at quite a few silent point mutations but sufficiently close (95-93%) to indicate a lineage that has not diverged significantly- this is a recent strain with a close common ancestor. Some regions don’t even have silent mutations. It is very different from MERS, and sufficiently different from SARS that it doesn’t appear to be a containment breach from the Wuhan BSL4 lab. Also doesn’t look like a bioweapon as some suggested, there are no telltale codon optimizations for other species, no cloning scars, no inserted digestion sites flanking blocks, and the mutations are sporadic and not entire blocks in motifs. If it *were* a bioweapon it would be an ineffective one. Additionally, the nucleoprotein appears to have two frameshifted genes interwoven in it as part of viral hyperefficient evolution, and they are mostly conserved with a few single amino acid substitutions.
Second, the spike protein contains an elongation in the ~250/480AA region. This is significant since spikes are what recognize host cells and enable infection. The MERS spike recognizes DDP4 while the SARS spike recognizes ACE2, so mutations can cause receptor binding to vary wildly. Interestingly, this spike appears similar to the HIV spike protein and I think HIV neutralizing binder drugs might be efficacious- I checked the news and china has indeed had the same idea and begun using HIV drugs as treatment.
It seems obvious to me that the virus is a bat zoonotic transmission that arose through a random insertion in the spike protein that refolded into human compatibility and adjusted for a different life cycle. Given the 100% homology of the envelope proteins to the bat SARS-like viruses it is likely this virus survives similarly outside the human body for days with a logarithmic drop in viability typical of coronaviruses and will spread very quickly. The snake codon paper is hot garbage.
quote 如下： I performed BLASTn and Clustal alignment on the Wuhan coronavirus and cross-annotated missing CDS regions. I found that Bat SARS-like CoVZXC21 and Bat SARS-like CoVZC45 are the most similar coronaviruses. The sequences are different at quite a few silent point mutations but sufficiently close (95-93%) to indicate a lineage that has not diverged significantly- this is a recent strain with a close common ancestor. Some regions don’t even have silent mutations. It is very different from MERS, and sufficiently different from SARS that it doesn’t appear to be a containment breach from the Wuhan BSL4 lab.Also doesn’t look like a bioweapon as some suggested, there are no telltale codon optimizations for other species, no cloning scars, no inserted digestion sites flanking blocks, and the mutations are sporadic and not entire blocks in motifs. If it *were* a bioweapon it would be an ineffective one.Additionally, the nucleoprotein appears to have two frameshifted genes interwoven in it as part of viral hyperefficient evolution, and they are mostly conserved with a few single amino acid substitutions. Second, the spike protein contains an elongation in the ~250/480AA region. This is significant since spikes are what recognize host cells and enable infection. The MERS spike recognizes DDP4 while the SARS spike recognizes ACE2, so mutations can cause receptor binding to vary wildly.Interestingly, this spike appears similar to the HIV spike protein and I think HIV neutralizing binder drugs might be efficacious- I checked the news and china has indeed had the same idea and begun using HIV drugs as treatment. It seems obvious to me that the virus is a bat zoonotic transmission that arose through a random insertion in the spike protein that refolded into human compatibility and adjusted for a different life cycle.Given the 100% homology of the envelope proteins to the bat SARS-like viruses it is likely this virus survives similarly outside the human body for days with a logarithmic drop in viability typical of coronaviruses and will spread very quickly. The snake codon paper is hot garbage. Puma2019 发表于 1/29/2020 8:58:00 AM
quote 如下： I performed BLASTn and Clustal alignment on the Wuhan coronavirus and cross-annotated missing CDS regions. I found that Bat SARS-like CoVZXC21 and Bat SARS-like CoVZC45 are the most similar coronaviruses. The sequences are different at quite a few silent point mutations but sufficiently close (95-93%) to indicate a lineage that has not diverged significantly- this is a recent strain with a close common ancestor. Some regions don’t even have silent mutations. It is very different from MERS, and sufficiently different from SARS that it doesn’t appear to be a containment breach from the Wuhan BSL4 lab. Also doesn’t look like a bioweapon as some suggested, there are no telltale codon optimizations for other species, no cloning scars, no inserted digestion sites flanking blocks, and the mutations are sporadic and not entire blocks in motifs. If it *were* a bioweapon it would be an ineffective one. Additionally, the nucleoprotein appears to have two frameshifted genes interwoven in it as part of viral hyperefficient evolution, and they are mostly conserved with a few single amino acid substitutions.
Second, the spike protein contains an elongation in the ~250/480AA region. This is significant since spikes are what recognize host cells and enable infection. The MERS spike recognizes DDP4 while the SARS spike recognizes ACE2, so mutations can cause receptor binding to vary wildly. Interestingly, this spike appears similar to the HIV spike protein and I think HIV neutralizing binder drugs might be efficacious- I checked the news and china has indeed had the same idea and begun using HIV drugs as treatment.
It seems obvious to me that the virus is a bat zoonotic transmission that arose through a random insertion in the spike protein that refolded into human compatibility and adjusted for a different life cycle. Given the 100% homology of the envelope proteins to the bat SARS-like viruses it is likely this virus survives similarly outside the human body for days with a logarithmic drop in viability typical of coronaviruses and will spread very quickly. The snake codon paper is hot garbage.
I performed BLASTn and Clustal alignment on the Wuhan coronavirus and cross-annotated missing CDS regions. I found that Bat SARS-like CoVZXC21 and Bat SARS-like CoVZC45 are the most similar coronaviruses. The sequences are different at quite a few silent point mutations but sufficiently close (95-93%) to indicate a lineage that has not diverged significantly- this is a recent strain with a close common ancestor. Some regions don’t even have silent mutations. It is very different from MERS, and sufficiently different from SARS that it doesn’t appear to be a containment breach from the Wuhan BSL4 lab. Also doesn’t look like a bioweapon as some suggested, there are no telltale codon optimizations for other species, no cloning scars, no inserted digestion sites flanking blocks, and the mutations are sporadic and not entire blocks in motifs. If it *were* a bioweapon it would be an ineffective one. Additionally, the nucleoprotein appears to have two frameshifted genes interwoven in it as part of viral hyperefficient evolution, and they are mostly conserved with a few single amino acid substitutions.
Several of the genes bear 100% amino acid homology to the Bat SARS-like viruses. There are two notable mutations. First, the glutamic and aspartic acid rich regions in the polyprotein are elongated with more inserted E/D indicative of negative charge interaction sites. Glutamic acid sites in viral polyproteins are essential for viral life cycles, and their cleavage is able to induce specific transcription of viral enzyme subsets.
Second, the spike protein contains an elongation in the ~250/480AA region. This is significant since spikes are what recognize host cells and enable infection. The MERS spike recognizes DDP4 while the SARS spike recognizes ACE2, so mutations can cause receptor binding to vary wildly. Interestingly, this spike appears similar to the HIV spike protein and I think HIV neutralizing binder drugs might be efficacious- I checked the news and china has indeed had the same idea and begun using HIV drugs as treatment.
It seems obvious to me that the virus is a bat zoonotic transmission that arose through a random insertion in the spike protein that refolded into human compatibility and adjusted for a different life cycle. Given the 100% homology of the envelope proteins to the bat SARS-like viruses it is likely this virus survives similarly outside the human body for days with a logarithmic drop in viability typical of coronaviruses and will spread very quickly. The snake codon paper is hot garbage.
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lz你朋友的专业是什么？
为什么不呢？
🛋️ 沙发板凳
所以，大家不要传谣说什么武汉P4泄漏事故(可能性小），更不是什么王73故意设计（可能性极小）。
这个世界没有那么丑恶。
肯定不是故意，但不小心是可能的
习总身边有奸臣。不过能说出“中医为主”这样的话，有些人智商堪忧。
没有。写这个的是Caltech毕业，现在干这个的，俺可以翻译，但没有能力写科普。
太专业了，比如说这个和HIV很像，所以可以用治HIV的药。我明白治HIV的药就是阻止病毒复制。你能用通俗的语言解释一下这个相似性到底是怎么个相似法，比如这个spike protein, 用英文通俗语言也可以。
spike protein 就是突刺蛋白，用于和细胞受体结合。我的理解， 他说的是用阻断HIV病毒的突刺蛋白和细胞受体结合，而不是抗逆转录酶药物。
我不是干这个的，理解错了勿怪。
这篇说得太专业了，我来给翻译成人话吧：1. 武汉病毒跟蝙蝠的几个病毒很接近，跟SARS和MERS序列差别很大，所以不像是P4实验室的泄露（这个好像逻辑不是很强，P4实验室里也有很多蝙蝠病毒）
2. 序列里面没有找到人工设计的痕迹，例如克隆位点和编码优化，还有移码错误，说明不是人为设计的生物武器（这个很有道理）
3. 病毒的spike，就是跟细胞结合的部分发生了变异，长得像HIV的spike，所以可能HIV的药对这个病毒有效
4. 结论是武汉病毒是典型的蝙蝠病毒变异成了和人类兼容的病毒，变异点主要就是在spike，外壳和蝙蝠冠状病毒是100%一样的，所以病毒会符合冠状病毒的特点，即快速传播和离开人体会快速失活
5. 关于病毒和蛇的编码类似的那篇文章是垃圾
但这科普也就是说明病毒不是人工有意合成的生化武器，但做其他实验无意合成的呢？而且p4实验室养病毒蝙蝠，然后带类似SARS病毒的蝙蝠不小心飞出去了，这不可能吗？还是可能的吧。要知道带毒蝙蝠不好找的。当年SARS不是都跑到云南山沟沟里才挖到带毒蝙蝠的吗？武汉的带毒蝙蝠哪里来的？中间宿主是什么动物？有没有中间宿主？太多疑团了。
这个很好。关于第一点，他可能不太了解武汉P4的运作及其研究范围。这也是我标题中没有提“不是泄露”的原因。
如果真的是病毒在武汉p4完成了融合变异，然后泄露出来，那真的是太糟糕了。但至少不是故意设计的病毒。
原文的意思是不像是人工设计的，但如果硬要说是人共设计的，那就是一个糟糕的设计
我再问个dummy的问题，治疗HIV的药，可不便宜，国内很普遍吗？北京上海可能有，其它地方能有吗？
这种病毒有没有可能是做其它实验的side product。我见过做生物实验的，很多都是做出一堆不知道是啥的东西。 比如我以前的roomate是生化系的，天天养细菌，经常养过头，没法用。
事发前多久停的？要知道，就算真泄漏了，比如带毒蝙蝠飞出去了，也可能要一定的时间才会在动物间广泛传播，然后再落到人身上。病毒不是毒气，出问题不见得立竿见影啊。
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你说的没错，原文只是说不是“设计”的，但没法排除不是人工选育出来的，但也没法证明，因为自然界蝙蝠身上就一直在发生多种病毒重组这事
外汇拿来干啥的？ 不是要降低逆差么？ 多好win-win机会啊
其实在制度透明的国家，这很好证明或证伪。马上把p4的所有文件冻结，把所有实验动物隔离化验一下，看有没有带这次病毒的，一切就都会大白天下。但我国现状，这只能是个谜了。
海外应该施加压力，让共产党自证清白。
别指望了，除非用把中国当疫区来换我党自证，这都不一定能换出来。我心理阴暗，觉得我党不会拿外汇买HIV的药来治疗韭菜。
没有用的。文件动物科学家，甚至海鲜市场都在党的控制下，还不是党想什么样就什么样。
那这次就变成中国的切尔诺贝利了。
买HIV的药也不是那么贵，大规模购买也可以降价，韭菜连这个都不配吗？
HIV阻断药物分很多种，其中最主要的是阻断病毒复制的抗逆转录药物，但按照这篇的说法，只有阻断第一步病毒和细胞结合的fusion inhibitor才有用，这个应该不是最主流药，我也不知道哪里会有
谁聊天这么聊？这个操作就是在网上放出来一个匿名外国专家意见。真正的专家不会看得到，因为没有在专业圈子里讨论，看到了也无从批起，因为不知道作者是谁。
我啊，iphone text message聊的
炭疽是病菌啦。不是病毒。就这点基本常识都没有，你讨论啥啊。。。阴谋论也要有常识的。。。
这种风要猛吹呀
ccp会抛出不小心泄漏的替罪羊，看看哪个倒霉鬼被抛出来
就像贺建奎编辑婴儿，最后也不会怎么样
死的人都白死了
我不认为这里有人“反华”
他的智商大家早就知道了，要不为啥各派都要推他上位呢。
这个没见到过，在lz这里头一回听到，我去找找看资料。我的印象是，就连tg自己也是把ebola和冠状病毒一起研究而不是hiv……
魏老师好！
话说中医要是能造出這病毒，那跟哈利波特裏面的魔法有一拼了就。
对，很多evolutionary biology的科研都是从survival of the fittest角度出发的
lz贴的光从theory角度有用的话，那还要那么多人刷试管做什么呢？主楼故意夸大了what theory can reliably predict
武汉p4搞这个，基本就是从emprical science的角度出发的，管你黑猫白猫，能work就行
目前看来，这个病毒非常优质
主楼故意模糊了人工的定义
把“人工”放在了一个很narrow的位置
就好比“转基因”和“嫁接”，武汉p4也许只是嫁接了多种不同的病毒，而不是做了gene editting
我的看法和你差不多，这个实验室一直做各种各样的实验，一直有泄露各种各样的病毒，但是没有人传人，只是这次的病毒比较牛逼，找到了合适的中间宿主，然后成功发展成人传人的病毒。
是的
类似于码工里的genetic algorithm，纯挑选“最能抓老鼠的猫”，survival of the fittest
你所需要的仅仅给病毒提供是一个角斗场（加强selective pressure）
而这个角斗场就是蝙蝠所具有的特异的与多种病毒共存的生理特性
（病毒要继续传播下去，就必须“合作”进化）
———
或者你倒过来想，武汉p4非要把ebola和冠状病毒放进同个蝙蝠体内，是为了什么呢？
想通了这个，答案就很明显了
最近几个贴都是一个思路，故意带歪模糊what wuhan p4 is truly up to
所以，我想我们至少是在朝着真相的方向前进着
实验室泄露，当事人怕担责任隐瞒了呢？或者他们压根没注意到泄露了呢？ 或者，泄出来的病毒先传染了动物，通过动物在几个月后才感染人呢？ 这些可能的确很难排除。。。正常情况，应该立刻检查p4, 通过p4实验动物和实验数据中的病毒和这次病毒的相似性，排除或证实这个可能。不过，国内的政治现状，我觉得这样做的可能等于0.
所以这里面就不只是一两个小乌龙搞出来的了
是一整条链的无能了
所以，要搞这种生物军工，你没有相应的伦理教育，是很可怕的
nature is truly powerful，所以你要以谨慎甚至敬畏的心态打开潘多拉宝盒
技术上怎么实现？
很多人都是故意在传这种谣言的。。。。
谁告诉你早就停止的？这个一定要问清！前两天还有个ID信誓旦旦的拿她爹来担保，说P4实验室还在调试阶段，没有开始正式运行没有做过活体实验。她母亲的，CCAV都播出了2018年P4就做出了猪的冠状病毒疫苗！现在那个ID再也不来了。所以麻烦你说清楚，相关研究是哪些研究？什么时候停止？谁告诉你停止的？
请看64，65楼
大家在讨论而已
如果可以用脑子想的话，会有今天的武汉吗？
其实，这蛮像中国传统巫术里的一个套路：养蛊。
是的
而且根据武汉政府乃至整个中国政府这次处理疫情都是靠隐瞒来看
一开始肯定是捂着的
也就这样错过了纠错的最好时机
爬完楼了，貌似说的通。这个和养猪杂交育种一个道理啊。并不需要genetic editing 这种手段
大外宣五毛說這是謠言，很好，我越發相信它的真實性了！
你们对国内的政治现状真是一无所知，这事是先上报到国务院，国务院报习总，习总要过年给压下的。你真以为武汉政府是吃干饭的，出了要上报到国务院级别的问题，不先查这事跟P4实验室有没关系？他们报的就是SARS。
习总要是知道是病毒泄漏还给你压着压到美国人跑来查病毒，卧底无疑好吧。
哈哈 這個非常中國，絕對可以有。 加上P4招人那網頁上明明白白寫著研究的就是ebola+蝙蝠（？）
想不到老夫有朝一日被人骂成五毛。
我是华人先被人称为“轮子”，现在又变成“五毛”。
這些人才是威脅全人類的真正病毒
关键字：云南
妹子你说清楚是哪个谣言？ 人造的这个谣言，还是不可能是人造的这个谣言？
那你就是谣言制造者了
所以到底在做啥啊？这啥都说明不了嘛
哎喲 賣慘的來了，都流鼻血了，寶寶可憐！ --就是不知那些病了、死了的成千上萬的武漢人、中國人會不會饒過他們
我记得你的id, 五毛粉红跳得这么欢，估计真相不远了