We cannot know his legendary head with eyes like ripening fruit. And yet his torso is still suffused with brilliance from inside, like a lamp, in which his gaze, now turned to low,
gleams in all its power. Otherwise the curved breast could not dazzle you so, nor could a smile run through the placid hips and thighs to that dark center where procreation flared.
Otherwise this stone would seem defaced beneath the translucent cascade of the shoulders and would not glisten like a wild beast's fur:
would not, from all the borders of itself, burst like a star: for here there is no place that does not see you. You must change your life.
一个是“smile”,这个微笑在这里很难讲通理顺。后来查阅诗歌解析,发现马克•道提的解释接近了事实“Otherwise / the curved breast could not dazzle you so." In Greek sculpture, there's this line that goes underneath the abdominal muscles and down to the hips. (It doesn't matter how many sit-ups you do, you can't get this line.) He's seeing that line as a smile.”(Mark Doty at the Academy of American Poets' Online Poetry Classroom Summer Institute)-- 确实,腹部到阴部的两条线或者说一条线,不就像个咧开微笑的大嘴巴吗。
第二个障碍是最后一句,这个突兀的语句跟前面的任何一句好像都找不到关联,可以说是 in/out of the middle of nowhere. 里尔克的这首诗是十四行诗 (sonnet),十四行诗有一个显著的特点是“转折” (turn),最后一句,“You must change yourself “ , 可以说是这首诗中最尖锐最出乎意料的一次转折,作者的笔锋突然从对面的雕塑做了180度的转向,指向了自己。 前面的一句 “for here there is no place that does not see you”, 做了巧妙的转乘铺垫, “它没有哪一个地方不在看着你”, 从作者的眼睛轻而易举地切换到雕塑的“眼睛”, 起到了四两拨千斤的作用。
里尔克的这首诗非常有名,尤其是最后一句。 “Du mußt dein Leben ändern",通常被译为 "你必须改变你的生活"。对这一句的理解也是众说纷纭,最出名的德国哲学家彼得-斯洛特迪克(Peter Sloterdijk)对这首诗这句话的注解,他把这最后一句话作为他的一本书的标题。斯洛特迪克认为这首诗是在讲残缺,完美和处理完美的关系,最后的一句是结论, 你必须要改变,提高你自己。 有不少人不同意他的解读和观点,我可能是这群人中最新鲜的一个。
我更喜欢西姆斯(Simms) 对最后一段一句的解读,他们的观点最接近我对里尔克及其思想的理解:
“Rainer Maria Rilke‘s “Archaic Torso of Apollo” was published in 1908 in a collection called Neue Gedichte (New Poems). The title has a double meaning. Not only are these new poems in the sense of being poems recently written, but they are poems in which Rilke intended to make a new kind of poem.
Rilke attempted in this collection to write poems about objects, like statues or animals, which stand before the reader as things in their own right — concrete realities that are independent of the observer, but that also influence the observer by serving as models of what the reader might aspire to be. Rilke’s aesthetic agenda behind the poem is to make clear that the observer doesn’t define the object, but rather the object defines the observer.”
(图片来自网络:Diamumenus("头饰持有者"),收藏于罗浮宫)
古代阿波罗躯干雕像
我们无法看到他那传说中的头颅
眼睛像成熟了的果实 但是他的躯干
依然充满着来自内部的光辉
就像一盏灯 他的眼光下移 在低矮之处
熠熠生辉 闪耀着所有的力量。否则
弧线形的乳房不可能让你如此地眼花缭乱
也不会有 微笑一般的线条 穿过平静的髋部
和大腿 到达那个暗色的中心;那里 生殖力在燃烧
否则 在肩部的半透明层叠之下
这块儿石头将会显得污秽不堪
而不会像野兽的皮毛一样 闪闪发光:
也不会 从自身的所有边界之上
像星辉一样迸发出来: 因为在这里
没有哪个部位不在看你。你不得不改变你的生命
Archaischer Torso Apollos
Wir kannten nicht sein unerhörtes Haupt,
darin die Augenäpfel reiften. Aber
sein Torso glüht noch wie ein Kandelaber,
in dem sein Schauen, nur zurückgeschraubt,
sich hält und glänzt. Sonst könnte nicht der Bug
der Brust dich blenden, und im leisen Drehen
der Lenden könnte nicht ein Lächeln gehen
zu jener Mitte, die die Zeugung trug.
Sonst stünde dieser Stein entstellt und kurz
unter der Schultern durchsichtigem Sturz
und flimmerte nicht so wie Raubtierfelle;
und brächte nicht aus allen seinen Rändern
aus wie ein Stern: denn da ist keine Stelle,
die dich nicht sieht. Du musst dein Leben ändern.
Archaic Torso of Apollo
Rainer Maria Rilke - 1875-1926
We cannot know his legendary head
with eyes like ripening fruit. And yet his torso
is still suffused with brilliance from inside,
like a lamp, in which his gaze, now turned to low,
gleams in all its power. Otherwise
the curved breast could not dazzle you so, nor could
a smile run through the placid hips and thighs
to that dark center where procreation flared.
Otherwise this stone would seem defaced
beneath the translucent cascade of the shoulders
and would not glisten like a wild beast's fur:
would not, from all the borders of itself,
burst like a star: for here there is no place
that does not see you. You must change your life.
From Ahead of All Parting: Selected Poetry and Prose of Rainer Maria Rilke, translated by Stephen Mitchell and published by Modern Library. © 1995 by Stephen Mitchell. Used with permission. All rights reserved.
~~~~~~~~~~~
译者语
翻译这首诗,我有两个障碍。
一个是“smile”,这个微笑在这里很难讲通理顺。后来查阅诗歌解析,发现马克•道提的解释接近了事实“Otherwise / the curved breast could not dazzle you so." In Greek sculpture, there's this line that goes underneath the abdominal muscles and down to the hips. (It doesn't matter how many sit-ups you do, you can't get this line.) He's seeing that line as a smile.”(Mark Doty at the Academy of American Poets' Online Poetry Classroom Summer Institute)-- 确实,腹部到阴部的两条线或者说一条线,不就像个咧开微笑的大嘴巴吗。
第二个障碍是最后一句,这个突兀的语句跟前面的任何一句好像都找不到关联,可以说是 in/out of the middle of nowhere. 里尔克的这首诗是十四行诗 (sonnet),十四行诗有一个显著的特点是“转折” (turn),最后一句,“You must change yourself “ , 可以说是这首诗中最尖锐最出乎意料的一次转折,作者的笔锋突然从对面的雕塑做了180度的转向,指向了自己。 前面的一句 “for here there is no place that does not see you”, 做了巧妙的转乘铺垫, “它没有哪一个地方不在看着你”, 从作者的眼睛轻而易举地切换到雕塑的“眼睛”, 起到了四两拨千斤的作用。
里尔克的这首诗非常有名,尤其是最后一句。 “Du mußt dein Leben ändern",通常被译为 "你必须改变你的生活"。对这一句的理解也是众说纷纭,最出名的德国哲学家彼得-斯洛特迪克(Peter Sloterdijk)对这首诗这句话的注解,他把这最后一句话作为他的一本书的标题。斯洛特迪克认为这首诗是在讲残缺,完美和处理完美的关系,最后的一句是结论, 你必须要改变,提高你自己。 有不少人不同意他的解读和观点,我可能是这群人中最新鲜的一个。
我更喜欢西姆斯(Simms) 对最后一段一句的解读,他们的观点最接近我对里尔克及其思想的理解:
“Rainer Maria Rilke‘s “Archaic Torso of Apollo” was published in 1908 in a collection called Neue Gedichte (New Poems). The title has a double meaning. Not only are these new poems in the sense of being poems recently written, but they are poems in which Rilke intended to make a new kind of poem.
Rilke attempted in this collection to write poems about objects, like statues or animals, which stand before the reader as things in their own right — concrete realities that are independent of the observer, but that also influence the observer by serving as models of what the reader might aspire to be. Rilke’s aesthetic agenda behind the poem is to make clear that the observer doesn’t define the object, but rather the object defines the observer.”
(Translation copyright 2019 Eva-Maria Simms. Prose copyright 2019 Michael Simms. Rainer Maria Rilke’s original poem is in the public domain. Image of the Diadumenus at the Louvre is made available by Wikimedia under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License. https://voxpopulisphere.com/2019/10/06/rainer-maria-rilke-archaic-torso-of-apollo/ )
这首诗是里尔克 “事物诗”系列中的一首。 里尔克觉得自己以前的诗空洞无物,试图尝试写一些关于物体的诗,比如雕像,动物,一个场景或者一个瞬间,使用白描的手法,让它们作为事物的本身站在读者面前 (用通俗一点的话说就是让事物自己述说自己的故事)--独立于观察者本身的主观想象,判断或者臆断,反过来,观察者通过自己内心渴望和想象塑造出来的“事物” 带着明显的个人特性,也影响着观察者自己。“里尔克在这首诗背后的美学议程是要表明,观察者并没有定义对象,而是对象定义了观察者", 或者更确切地说,观察者和被观察者相互定义着和被定义着。 一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特,这让我想到了佛学的“万法唯心” “三界唯识”。
最后的一句,我不认为应该把它理解成主观上的改变和提高自己,而是一种被动的被改变,所以我把它译成了“不得不”, 而不是 “一定” “必须”。
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前面非常直白,后面的一句卡住了,不好理解。
等会发,这样,收集的里尔克和圣经有关的诗就剩最后一首未译,然后俺就可以从翻译里尔克退休了。以直接等着读中文的了,你得继续努力
这句voice既是雕像的,也是诗人的,是诗人对雕像,对自己,对读者说的:为了让自己更presentable/被认可/被欣赏,你必须得做出改变(哪怕断头残臂)。里尔克这种写法真是高啊,被现代诗模仿了100年了,具体到诗人也就能有那么几首写出这个高度。