Heart: Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing problems including:
Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat Stroke High blood pressure
Liver: Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver inflammations including:
Steatosis, or fatty liver Alcoholic hepatitis Fibrosis Cirrhosis
Pancreas: Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation in the pancreas that causes its swelling and pain (which may spread) and impairs its ability to make enzymes and hormones for proper digestion.
Cancer: According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI): "There is a strong scientific consensus that alcohol drinking can cause several types of cancer. In its Report on Carcinogens, the National Toxicology Program of the US Department of Health and Human Services lists consumption of alcoholic beverages as a known human carcinogen.
"The evidence indicates that the more alcohol a person drinks–particularly the more alcohol a person drinks regularly over time–the higher his or her risk of developing an alcohol-associated cancer. Even those who have no more than one drink per day and people who binge drink (those who consume 4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men in one sitting) have a modestly increased risk of some cancers. Based on data from 2009, an estimated 3.5% of cancer deaths in the United States (about 19,500 deaths) were alcohol related."
Clear patterns have emerged between alcohol consumption and increased risks of certain types of cancer:
Head and neck cancer, including oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx cancers. Esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, people who inherit a deficiency in an enzyme that metabolizes alcohol have been found to have substantially increased risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma if they consume alcohol. Liver cancer. Breast cancer: Research has shown an important association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer—even one drink per day can increase a woman's risk for breast cancer by 5% to 15% compared to women who do not drink at all. Colorectal cancer.
For more information about alcohol and cancer, please visit the National Cancer Institute's webpage "Alcohol and Cancer Risk" (last accessed June 6, 2024).
Immune System: Drinking too much can weaken your immune system, making your body a much easier target for disease. Chronic drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than people who do not drink too much. Drinking a lot on a single occasion slows your body’s ability to ward off infections – even up to 24 hours after getting drunk.
这是Mayo Clinic的结论
原文：https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/alcohol/art-20044551
这篇解释了酒精对身体的作用：
Alcohol's Effects on the Body Spanish / En españolDrinking too much – on a single occasion or over time – can take a serious toll on your health. Here’s how alcohol can affect your body:
Brain:
Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and works. These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination.
Heart:
Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat Stroke High blood pressureDrinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing problems including:
Liver:
Steatosis, or fatty liver Alcoholic hepatitis Fibrosis CirrhosisHeavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver inflammations including:
Pancreas:
Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation in the pancreas that causes its swelling and pain (which may spread) and impairs its ability to make enzymes and hormones for proper digestion.
Cancer:
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI): "There is a strong scientific consensus that alcohol drinking can cause several types of cancer. In its Report on Carcinogens, the National Toxicology Program of the US Department of Health and Human Services lists consumption of alcoholic beverages as a known human carcinogen.
"The evidence indicates that the more alcohol a person drinks–particularly the more alcohol a person drinks regularly over time–the higher his or her risk of developing an alcohol-associated cancer. Even those who have no more than one drink per day and people who binge drink (those who consume 4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men in one sitting) have a modestly increased risk of some cancers. Based on data from 2009, an estimated 3.5% of cancer deaths in the United States (about 19,500 deaths) were alcohol related."
Clear patterns have emerged between alcohol consumption and increased risks of certain types of cancer:
Head and neck cancer, including oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx cancers. Esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, people who inherit a deficiency in an enzyme that metabolizes alcohol have been found to have substantially increased risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma if they consume alcohol. Liver cancer. Breast cancer: Research has shown an important association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer—even one drink per day can increase a woman's risk for breast cancer by 5% to 15% compared to women who do not drink at all. Colorectal cancer.For more information about alcohol and cancer, please visit the National Cancer Institute's webpage "Alcohol and Cancer Risk" (last accessed June 6, 2024).
Immune System:
Drinking too much can weaken your immune system, making your body a much easier target for disease. Chronic drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than people who do not drink too much. Drinking a lot on a single occasion slows your body’s ability to ward off infections – even up to 24 hours after getting drunk.
原文： https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohols-effects-body
连篇累牍的医学文献证明喝酒的危害，有些人就是不顾科学结论，非得直着脖子说喝酒很平常，没问题，是人生快乐之一。挺讨厌这种巴拉巴拉，说抽点小烟不要紧，说餐后吃个甜点不要紧，每天couch potato不要紧... 还得浪费班长锻炼的时间跟ta开解。
没办法，kobe说过，这个世界上有狮子就必须有羚羊
TheTITLE of this web site is really misleading and nonsense. Chronic alcohol consumption is bad. Moderate or light consumption is not bad.
check out the healthline web: Studies have repeatedly shown that moderate red wine consumption seems to lower the risk of several diseases, including heart disease.
1. Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption to bone health have been long proven in many studies.
Just google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C39&q=moderate+alcohol+consumption+bone+health&oq=
2. Moderate red wine consumption and cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
" Benefits from moderate alcohol consumption have been widely supported by the scientific literature and, in this line, red wine intake has been related to a lesser risk for coronary heart disease (CHD)"
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C39&q=red+wine+consumption+and+cardiovascular+disease&oq=red+wine+consum
CVD is the leading cause of death while wines benefit it. Wine preference and drinking only with meals were associated with attenuating the excess mortality associated with alcohol consumption. --2024 Jama article.
喜欢先喝一口伏特加，好像吞下一团火。
但这只能维持几分钟的效果。时间稍长就....
主人对客人说，太高兴你们来了，走，咱先出去先跑个10k助助兴，跑回来再吃饭打麻将！
那些酒吧，变成水吧，茶吧， 酒会也不要有酒出现。因为酒太可恶了，酒从此从地球上消失，因此，各种酒精相关病人不再出现，医生的工作量减半，医疗费用支出大减，从此大家过上了健康长寿的幸福生活…