The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements
“Hatred is the most accessible and comprehensive of all the unifying agents.”
“The quality of ideas seems to play a minor role in mass movement leadership. What counts is the arrogant gesture, the complete disregard of the opinion of others, the singlehanded defiance of the world.”
“The permanent misfits can find salvation only in a complete separation from the self; and they usually find it by losing themselves in the compact collectivity of a mass movement.”
“There is no doubt that in exchanging a self-centered for a selfless life we gain enormously in self-esteem. The vanity of the selfless, even those who practice utmost humility, is boundless.”
“Things which are not" are indeed mightier than "things that are". In all ages men have fought most desperately for beautiful cities yet to be built and gardens yet to be planted.”
“A man is likely to mind his own business when it is worth minding. When it is not, he takes his mind off his own meaningless affairs by minding other people's business. This minding of other people's business expresses itself in gossip, snooping and meddling, and also in feverish interest in communal, national, and racial affairs. In running away from ourselves we either fall on our neighbor's shoulder or fly at his throat. ”
继续看电影:历史的教训
这个节目讲德国和意大利法西斯的兴起，没有讲日本，其实也是类似的。
德国和意大利形成统一的国家的历史都不长。一次大战以后社会问题很多，民选政府疲弱不能对付局面。在这种情况下，大众愿意一厢情愿地接受有人出来登高一呼，许诺用简单的办法来迅速解决复杂的问题，条件是个人服从组织服从国家，最后当然统一到无条件地服从领袖个人。我们小时候看阿尔巴尼亚电影里面的笑话，墨索里尼，总是有理，当时确实在意大利和意大利征服的领土上有这么个口号，墨索里尼永远是对的。。
所有不同的意见都被压制，给儿童和青年教育的都是单一的宏大令人振奋的正面的理想化的东西。
简单的办法自然真正不能解决复杂的问题，于是需要找一个人群来做替罪羊，可以是国内的，也可以是国外的。。
大众很容易被迷惑心甘情愿地跟着走，做任何在正常情况不可思议的事。
当然到后来的结果我们都知道，越来越走向暴力化，无论是对内还是对外。
这个节目里面有几句德国人后来说的话很值得深思。
一个是，不能允许专制从一开始发展起来。当他们开始烧书的时候，离开始烧人就不远了。。
一个是，不要以为你历史文化积累的丰厚就可以避免这样的命运。出过贝多芬，出过歌德和席勒的灿烂文化的德国，会发生法西斯当权，那么它也可能发生在世界的任何地方。
https://www.ricksteves.com/watch-read-listen/video/tv-show/fascism
那个墨索里尼阳台, 在罗马玩的时候
三分。
The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements“Hatred is the most accessible and comprehensive of all the unifying agents.”
“The quality of ideas seems to play a minor role in mass movement leadership. What counts is the arrogant gesture, the complete disregard of the opinion of others, the singlehanded defiance of the world.”
“The permanent misfits can find salvation only in a complete separation from the self; and they usually find it by losing themselves in the compact collectivity of a mass movement.”
“There is no doubt that in exchanging a self-centered for a selfless life we gain enormously in self-esteem. The vanity of the selfless, even those who practice utmost humility, is boundless.”
“Things which are not" are indeed mightier than "things that are". In all ages men have fought most desperately for beautiful cities yet to be built and gardens yet to be planted.”
“A man is likely to mind his own business when it is worth minding. When it is not, he takes his mind off his own meaningless affairs by minding other people's business. This minding of other people's business expresses itself in gossip, snooping and meddling, and also in feverish interest in communal, national, and racial affairs. In running away from ourselves we either fall on our neighbor's shoulder or fly at his throat. ”
前空军上将刘亚洲说过:"领袖越伟大，人民越渺小"。他2010年在接受《凤凰周刊》专访时又谈及：“十年之内，一场由威权政治向民主政治的转型将不可避免地发生。” 所以他要被判无期徒刑。
说得真不错。