The backdoor Roth is a good way to grow wealth without paying taxes on earnings, but the pro-rata rule makes it infeasible for some. In that case, the mega backdoor Roth might be a viable alternative.
The mega backdoor Roth works a little differently. With this strategy, you usually contribute the maximum amount to a 401(k), which is $22,500 in 2023 ($30,000 for those 50 and over). Then, you contribute an additional $43,500 in after-tax dollars to your 401(k), assuming no employer match. Finally, you convert the money to a mega backdoor Roth, which can be either a Roth IRA or Roth 401(k), if your plan allows.
The reason for the $43,500 limit is this plus either $22,500 or $30,000 puts you at the maximum total contribution for the year. You must deduct that from the $43,500 if your employer offers matching contributions.
To pursue this strategy, your employer’s plan must allow after-tax contributions to their 401(k). It must also allow either in-service distributions or let you move money from an after-tax part of your plan to the Roth 401(k) part of your plan.
While this strategy is more complex than the backdoor Roth, it can be worth it for those who earn a lot — and whose employers’ plans have the characteristics necessary to enable the mega backdoor Roth.
The limit on employee elective deferrals (for traditional and safe harbor plans)is:
$23,000 ($22,500 in 2023, $20,500 in 2022, $19,500 in 2021 and 2020; and $19,000 in 2019), subject to cost-of-living adjustments Catch-up contributions for those age 50 and over
If permitted by the 401(k) plan, participants age 50 or over at the end of the calendar year can also make catch-up contributions. You may contribute additional elective salary deferrals of:
$7,500 in 2023 and 2024, $6,500 in 2022, 2021 and 2020 and $6,000 in 2019 - 2015 to traditional and safe harbor 401(k) plans $3,500 in 2023 and 2024, $3,000 in 2022 - 2015 to SIMPLE 401(k) plans These amounts are subject to cost-of-livingPDF adjustments Overall limit on contributions
Total annual contributions (annual additions) to all of your accounts in plans maintained by one employer (and any related employer) are limited. The limit applies to the total of:
elective deferrals (but not catch-up contributions) employer matching contributions employer nonelective contributions allocations of forfeitures
The annual additions paid to a participant’s account cannot exceed the lesser of:
The annual additions paid to a participant’s account cannot exceed the lesser of:
100% of the participant's compensation, or $69,000 ($76,500 including catch-up contributions) for 2023; $66,000 ($73,500 including catch-up contributions) for 2023; $61,000 ($67,500 including catch-up contributions) for 2022; $58,000 ($64,500 including catch-up contributions) for 2021; and $57,000 ($63,500 including catch-up contributions).
However, an employer’s deduction for contributions to a defined contribution plan (profit-sharing plan or money purchase pension plan) cannot be more than 25% of the compensation paid (or accrued) during the year to eligible employees participating in the plan (see Employer Deduction in Publication 560, Retirement Plans for Small Business (SEP, SIMPLE, and Qualified Plans).
single, head of household, or married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time during the year
> $138,000 but < $153,000
a reduced amount
single, head of household, or married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time during the year
> $153,000
zero
Amount of your reduced Roth IRA contribution If the amount you can contribute must be reduced, figure your reduced contribution limit as follows. Start with your modified AGI. Subtract from the amount in (1): $218,000 if filing a joint return or qualifying widow(er), $-0- if married filing a separate return, and you lived with your spouse at any time during the year, or $138,000 for all other individuals. Divide the result in (2) by $15,000 ($10,000 if filing a joint return, qualifying widow(er), or married filing a separate return and you lived with your spouse at any time during the year). Multiply the maximum contribution limit (before reduction by this adjustment and before reduction for any contributions to traditional IRAs) by the result in (3). Subtract the result in (4) from the maximum contribution limit before this reduction. The result is your reduced contribution limit.
401k 一直到总额66000吗？
你也可以存。但是我认为没必要。税后存哪里不是存。为何局限于401K提供的基金范围？
如果公司提供Roth 401K， 那到可以考虑。
占用pretax的额度，加起来只有30000。
先少交税再说。如果公司有ROTH401k, 你可以再放一些税后的。
https://www.bankrate.com/retirement/backdoor-roth-ira-vs-mega-backdoor-roth-ira/
What is a mega backdoor Roth?The backdoor Roth is a good way to grow wealth without paying taxes on earnings, but the pro-rata rule makes it infeasible for some. In that case, the mega backdoor Roth might be a viable alternative.
The mega backdoor Roth works a little differently. With this strategy, you usually contribute the maximum amount to a 401(k), which is $22,500 in 2023 ($30,000 for those 50 and over). Then, you contribute an additional $43,500 in after-tax dollars to your 401(k), assuming no employer match. Finally, you convert the money to a mega backdoor Roth, which can be either a Roth IRA or Roth 401(k), if your plan allows.
The reason for the $43,500 limit is this plus either $22,500 or $30,000 puts you at the maximum total contribution for the year. You must deduct that from the $43,500 if your employer offers matching contributions.
To pursue this strategy, your employer’s plan must allow after-tax contributions to their 401(k). It must also allow either in-service distributions or let you move money from an after-tax part of your plan to the Roth 401(k) part of your plan.
While this strategy is more complex than the backdoor Roth, it can be worth it for those who earn a lot — and whose employers’ plans have the characteristics necessary to enable the mega backdoor Roth.
7500.的catch up,个人最多能放30000 ，按他的意思 放满是66000 ，说明他年龄不到50岁（年过50岁：放满的额度是$73500）。 那他个人能放的是22500，雇主就得放43500. 一般好的雇主也就8%match.大部分公司contribution 小于8%。以8%match 为例，你的工资得至少要有 543750（43500/0.08=543750）. 有几个人工资能到54万多？况且好多公司只match 3% 或4%, 这样的话你的工资得100多万。还有一种可能就是雇主match 25%,那工资17.4万就可放66000.但有几个公司能给雇员25%的match?我是从来没听说过的。
他的这个即使是真实的也是极端个例，不适用于绝大多数人。他放到这儿是极大的误导。
https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/plan-participant-employee/retirement-topics-401k-and-profit-sharing-plan-contribution-limits
Deferral limits for 401(k) plansThe limit on employee elective deferrals (for traditional and safe harbor plans) is:
$23,000 ($22,500 in 2023, $20,500 in 2022, $19,500 in 2021 and 2020; and $19,000 in 2019), subject to cost-of-living adjustments Catch-up contributions for those age 50 and overIf permitted by the 401(k) plan, participants age 50 or over at the end of the calendar year can also make catch-up contributions. You may contribute additional elective salary deferrals of:
$7,500 in 2023 and 2024, $6,500 in 2022, 2021 and 2020 and $6,000 in 2019 - 2015 to traditional and safe harbor 401(k) plans$3,500 in 2023 and 2024, $3,000 in 2022 - 2015 to SIMPLE 401(k) plans
These amounts are subject to cost-of-livingPDF adjustments Overall limit on contributions
Total annual contributions (annual additions) to all of your accounts in plans maintained by one employer (and any related employer) are limited. The limit applies to the total of:
elective deferrals (but not catch-up contributions)employer matching contributions
employer nonelective contributions
allocations of forfeitures
The annual additions paid to a participant’s account cannot exceed the lesser of:
The annual additions paid to a participant’s account cannot exceed the lesser of:
100% of the participant's compensation, or$69,000 ($76,500 including catch-up contributions) for 2023; $66,000 ($73,500 including catch-up contributions) for 2023; $61,000 ($67,500 including catch-up contributions) for 2022; $58,000 ($64,500 including catch-up contributions) for 2021; and $57,000 ($63,500 including catch-up contributions).
However, an employer’s deduction for contributions to a defined contribution plan (profit-sharing plan or money purchase pension plan) cannot be more than 25% of the compensation paid (or accrued) during the year to eligible employees participating in the plan (see Employer Deduction in Publication 560, Retirement Plans for Small Business (SEP, SIMPLE, and Qualified Plans).
https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/amount-of-roth-ira-contributions-that-you-can-make-for-2023 This table shows whether your contribution to a Roth IRA is affected by the amount of your modified AGI as computed for Roth IRA purpose.
显然跟前者比这个401投资很失败啊
如果按这个401k帖子的说法，就算20年吧，每年平均5万，一共投了100万，到目前涨到300万；跟定投的例子根本没法比。
现在pretax搁满，需要挪一部分到Roth吗？