“An unsuitable and degraded diet? Part two: realities of the mid-Victorian diet”，Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine，J R Soc Med. 2008 Jul 1; 101(7): 350–357.
“At this level of income it would be usual to have a roast dinner on Sunday, eaten cold on Monday with bought pickles, and cooked up in a form such as a curry on Tuesday. Typically a dish such as a steamed meat suet pudding would be served midweek, eaten cold the next day. Fish was commonly consumed on Friday and a quick meal such as pork chops or fried beefsteak would be served on Saturday. At all these meals, vegetables (in season) would be an important bulking feature: not just potatoes but onions (because of their cheapness), carrots, Jerusalem artichokes and green vegetables from cabbage to green beans. Desserts were also regularly served, often fruit or dairy-based – apple pies, rice or tapioca puddings, stewed or fresh fruit like gooseberries or cherries, in season. Tea with milk and often sugar was a common drink, with (black) coffee being served more rarely and generally at breakfast. Table (watered-down) beer was often served, especially to men.
Breakfast generally involved eggs (boiled or fried) on a Sunday, and possibly midweek, or porridge, made with milk; though by the end of the week that milk might well be half and half with water. Bread was served, usually toasted, possibly with butter and bought preserves like jam. Lunch generally took the form of sandwiches with paste, left-over meat, or watercress and cheese, commonly bought as cheap street food. Soup made from meat and vegetables, along with meat or vegetable pies and ham and watercress sandwiches, were street staples readily bought at this income level.“
“…for those at the bottom of the economic scale there will have been additional difficulties due to financial instability. Nevertheless, the picture that emerges of mid-Victorian nutrition is remarkably positive, and one that matches or surpasses modern nutritional recommendations. If health benefits accrue from improved nutrition, as so many recent studies suggest, the mid-Victorians should have enjoyed a generally high standard of physical well-being.”
该研究把维多利亚中期的英国劳工阶级，按收入分成了高、中、低三档。
最低的一档：每周家庭收入低于1英镑，夫妻或单亲带2~3个孩子。
即便如此低的收入，肉类仍然是食物中一个重要角色，但不可能是大块烤肉的形式。周日晚餐一般有肉块，内脏炖洋葱，配菜有胡萝卜，土豆，白菜或菜蓟，还有羊脂糕点。周一吃周日剩下的炖肉，加面包和色拉。周二、周三是带骨的肉汤，加蔬菜和饺子（dumplings）。周四经常是动物油脂煮的大米或扁豆和洋葱。周五是鲱鱼（很便宜，1便士2条）或鱼头汤。周六常吃油炸的内脏，如牛肾。天天主食是面包。也有简单的甜食，比如面包屑和姜末做的苹果饼。夏天有新鲜水果，樱桃又多又便宜。
茶是日常的饮料。最穷的人也喝咖啡，只不过是菊苣和咖啡的混合物。早餐是面包，偶尔会有黄油。午餐是面包夹芝士或西洋菜。上半周，手头宽裕一点，还可以加一碗街边小摊卖的汤。
最高的一档（熟练技工）：每周家庭收入3~4英磅，夫妻带3~4个孩子。
除了住房，交通，取暖，他们可以每周花1.2~2英镑买食物，吃的就相当好了。细节我就不翻译了：
“At this level of income it would be usual to have a roast dinner on Sunday, eaten cold on Monday with bought pickles, and cooked up in a form such as a curry on Tuesday. Typically a dish such as a steamed meat suet pudding would be served midweek, eaten cold the next day. Fish was commonly consumed on Friday and a quick meal such as pork chops or fried beefsteak would be served on Saturday. At all these meals, vegetables (in season) would be an important bulking feature: not just potatoes but onions (because of their cheapness), carrots, Jerusalem artichokes and green vegetables from cabbage to green beans. Desserts were also regularly served, often fruit or dairy-based – apple pies, rice or tapioca puddings, stewed or fresh fruit like gooseberries or cherries, in season. Tea with milk and often sugar was a common drink, with (black) coffee being served more rarely and generally at breakfast. Table (watered-down) beer was often served, especially to men.
Breakfast generally involved eggs (boiled or fried) on a Sunday, and possibly midweek, or porridge, made with milk; though by the end of the week that milk might well be half and half with water. Bread was served, usually toasted, possibly with butter and bought preserves like jam. Lunch generally took the form of sandwiches with paste, left-over meat, or watercress and cheese, commonly bought as cheap street food. Soup made from meat and vegetables, along with meat or vegetable pies and ham and watercress sandwiches, were street staples readily bought at this income level.“
作者在结论中说，维多利亚中期，即便对那些经济状况处于底层的家庭，他们的营养状况也达到乃至超越了今天的标准（考虑到当时都是有机食品，而且由于没有冰箱，人们都吃新鲜的）。
“…for those at the bottom of the economic scale there will have been additional difficulties due to financial instability. Nevertheless, the picture that emerges of mid-Victorian nutrition is remarkably positive, and one that matches or surpasses modern nutritional recommendations. If health benefits accrue from improved nutrition, as so many recent studies suggest, the mid-Victorians should have enjoyed a generally high standard of physical well-being.”
日不落帝国殖民3500万平方公里土地，在1840年对中国发动了鸦片战争, 发动了第二次鸦片战争, 带头八国联军入侵中国，迫使中国签订了一系列不平等条约。它的富强主要是靠战争，靠殖民，靠抢劫，靠科学技术。
好像1958年人民公社之前你和你父辈能吃饱饭似的，1949年之前的中国若是那么美好，那么中国革命能够成功吗？好像人民公社时期中国就应该有今天的科学技术，有今天的工业实力，有今天的国力似的。即中国的一切都应该是天上掉下来似的，不是需要艰苦创业似的。
好像你刚来美国时就大富大贵似的，不需要读书，不需要艰苦奋斗省吃俭用积累投资就一下子就过上有车有房有钱的中产阶级似的。
你这个文章写得过于ROSY了。穷人食物丰富多彩，简直吃得比我还要好啊。 我下面这个文章，每周2-6英镑收入的已经算中产阶级，可以雇一到两个佣人在家里了。 https://logicmgmt.com/1876/overview/victorian_man/victorian_father_household.htm 当时大部分就业人口都是收入低微的，比如这里举出的，ENGINEER每周只挣两镑。中产阶级只是很少一部分。 http://vichist.blogspot.com/2014/05/income-vs-expenditure-in-working-class.html 下面这个文章列出当时物价: https://victorianweb.org/economics/wages4.html 这个文章写一个纺织工人家庭，7口之家纺织工人每周挣一镑，14岁女儿挣1／4镑的生活开支，每周只能在星期天吃上一镑肉。当时的贫困线是每周18先令（20先令一镑），60％的劳工收入在25先令以下。文章里讲道，收入在这条线的包括海员，渔民，警察，石匠等，收入低于此线的受到营养不良的威胁。 https://books.google.com/books?id=CsGKl5q-CMoC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=victorian+england+family+food+cost&source=bl&ots=IEj_rsBpb_&sig=ACfU3U2tl7KevVXd6hBQR3cZh9fnr0uFtw&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUmdnm9dXyAhXFneAKHSRUCMsQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=victorian%20england%20family%20food%20cost&f=false 人都跑大城市，是因为有就业机会。在农村的生活更差。 不过，一个家庭每周吃一镑肉，在毛的时代别说农村了，就是城里大部分居民也是做梦也达不到的。毛的时代，还不如一百年前的英国。
是不可能的。真正提高农民生活水平的还是私营经济起来后所提供的大量非农业工作机会。现在农村来源于农业的收入占极小的一部分。这些私营经济带来大量外汇，中国才有钱买大豆，豆渣用来当饲料，否则哪有那么多粮食做饲料啊。如果老习把私营经济整垮，很快农民就又成穷鬼了，可能不至于挨饿，反正日子不会好过。城市里面日子也不会好过。
英国在1900年左右人民生活水平提高较显著，食品价格下降，主要是有美国和澳大利亚进口的廉价食品，当时英国工业还是有竞争力的。
只有农业就只能廉价地去换工业品。毛的时代从老百姓嘴里卡了多少食品出口，换极其有限的工业技术。
一些事实。狄更斯笔下的描述，毕竟不是严谨的史学。无论如何，不争的是，工业革命使得西北欧社会的整体，包括贩夫走卒，短时间脱贫，是一个意义重大的史实。下一次就是改开后的中国了。为此，人类等了1个多世纪。我们看到了整个过程，也是最大收益者。
作者认为，1750年，华北人均每年3kg肉，3kg食油，3m布，3M BTU是最低温饱线。陈三两同志，请解释一下，为什么200多年后，在东北大城市，你都没做到？
上面数据说明，清后期华北的物价比欧洲低15%左右。但是，北京的劳工工资，与其它欧洲城市和东京的对比如下：
中国人勤劳，加上引进新物种，开疆拓土，粮食产量是不断增加的。但是，劳动生产率一直没提高，人口暴涨，日子越过越穷。包括江南，两广，南方条件比北方好，但传统农业工本比北方高很多。一家老小累个半死，好年景才可图个温饱，很少人致富。要不然洪秀全怎么能忽悠起来。
下图说明，从明万历到清亡，中国每个粮农除了自己的口粮，能提供给社会的粮食，从458斤一路直线下降到50斤。
而且中国人如果能够继续保持这一点那么中国超过美国就是我们这一代人能看到的不久。
但没有系统的数据支持。要是成立的话，江南的生活水平就只比英国、荷兰、北美低了。网上有anecdotal evidence，如当年地主雇工契约写“日食肉半斤”，“荤不用猪肠而用肉”云云。但这多半是农忙的特例。有意思的是下面这个：
我妈在韩战后方医院，看到了大量的冻伤战士。70年代下乡巡回医疗，在根本不下雪，全年几乎无霜的地区，发现小孩普遍生冻疮。我下乡就过了一个冬天，亲眼看见村里的小孩们，个个单鞋，很少人有手套帽子，手脚和耳朵生冻疮。家长们根本不当回事。
英国用武力征服获得殖民地。
你愿意花60倍的价钱买土布衣服穿吗？英国想用物美价廉的纺织品换茶叶，怎么就是掠夺了？
延安时期，毛泽东要手下当兵的艰苦奋斗穿土布，自己却桀骜不驯地叫喊，我就是要穿斜纹布，吊口袋，那又怎么样！中央高层和他们的家人们，用的车子，电器，日用品，药品，用外汇进口的少吗？还成天反帝、反修、反洋奴。
60，70年代，毛泽东把经济搞得乱七八糟，这也可以甩锅给，早已退出亚洲殖民地的英国？
但也绝不会人海战术，浪费劳力。毛用专政和计划经济手段，迫使农民去死磕1亩3分地，挤出最后1滴油，造成profit margin和productivity递减，甚至为负，这样还异想天开，从嘴里抠出一个工业化？曾无偿参加过无效益的开荒和水利工程，私下农民怨声载道。本来就营养不足，无谓地消耗体能，身体受的伤害，心理的逆反，走向全民总玉碎。
毛泽东，小学数学交白卷，可见天生是有障碍的。
台湾归入中国版图也是不到400年前的事.