远东国际法庭的统计Individual soldiers and small groups of two of three roamed over the city murdering, raping, looting, and burning. there was no discipline whatever. Many soldiers were drunk. Solders went through the streets indiscriminately killing Chinese men, women and children without apparent provocation or excuse until in places the streets and alleys were littered with the bodies of their victims. According to another witness, Chinese were hunted like rabbits, everyone seen to move was shot. At least 12,000 non-combatant Chinese men, women and children met their deaths in these indiscriminate killings during the first two or three days of the Japanese occupation of the city.单个的和二三人一组的日军士兵，在城市中出没，到处杀人、强奸、掠夺和焚烧，为所欲为。许多士兵都酩酊大醉。他们在大街上见到中国人就杀，不管是男人、女人或儿童，不需要任何理由和借口。有几条大街和弄堂，遍地都是中国人的尸体。根据另一个目击者的证词，中国人像野兔一样被日军当作猎物射击。只要看见有活动的中国人，他就会被打死。在日军占领南京后的头两三天中，至少有12000名非武装人员的中国男性、女性和儿童，死于日军的屠杀中。There were manycases of rape. Death was a frequently penalty for the slightest resistance on the part of a civtion [sic] or the members of her family who sought to protect her. Even girls of tender years and old women were raped in large numbers throughout the city, and many cases of abnormal and sadistic behaviour in connection with these rapings occurred. Many women were killed after the act and their bodies mutilated. Approximately 20,000 cases of rapeoccurred within the city during the first month of the occupation.同时，还 发生了许多起强奸。中国女性或者试图保护她的家人，只要稍有反抗，就立刻会被杀死。甚至城中大量未成年的女孩和老年妇女，都被强奸。在强奸过程中，还发生了许多起变态和虐待行为。许多妇女在强奸后被杀，她们的尸体被烧毁。在占领后的第一个月中，大约共发生了20000起强奸。Japanese soldiers took from the people everythingthey desired. Soldiers were observed to stop unarmed civilians on the road, search them, and finding nothing of value then to shoot them. Very many residential and commercial properties were entered and looted. Looted stockswere carried away in trucks. After looting shops and warehouses, the Japanese soldiers frequently set fire to them.日军士兵从南京居民手中，夺走任何他们看中的东西。有人看到，日军士兵在路上拦住手无寸铁的平民，进行搜身，如果没发现有价值的东西，日军就会杀死他们。大量的民居和商业用房，都被日军闯入，洗劫一空。抢来的物品装在卡车上运走。在抢劫完毕之后，日军经常会纵火，将房屋付之一炬。Taiping Road, the most important shopping street, and block after block of the commercial section of the city were destroyed by fire. Soldiersburned the homes of civilians for no apparent reason. Such burning appeared to follow a prescribed pattern after a few days and continued for six weeks . Approximately one-third of the city was thus destroyed.南京最重要的商业街 太平路，以及其他的商业区，都被焚毁。日军士兵还无故烧毁平民的住宅。这些纵火行为看上去是奉命行事，持续了6个星期。三分之一的南京因此变成废墟。Organized andwholesale murder of male civilians was conducted with the apparent sanction of the commanders on the pretense that Chinese soldiers had removed their uniforms and were mingling with the population. Groups of Chinese civilians were formed, bound with their hands behind their backs, and marched outside the walls of the city where they were killed in groups by machine gun fire and with bayonets. More than 20,000 Chinese men of military age are known tohave died in this fashion.大批男性南京市民，被有组织的和大规模的杀害，这是 日军司令部的指令，借口他们是脱下军装、混入平民的中国士兵。中国平民被分成一组一组，双手绑在背后，押送到城墙边，然后被机关枪和刺刀成批杀害。大约有20000名 处在服役年龄的中国男性死于这种方式。The German Government was informed by its representative about "atrocities and criminal acts not of an individual but of an entire Army, namely, the Japanese," which Army, later in the Report, was qualified as a "bestial machinery."德国驻中国大使在向德国政府递 交的报告中，写道："暴行和犯罪行为并非单个士兵所为，而是整支军队都参与其中， 也就是说，是所有的日本人。"这支军队在后文中被形容为是一部"兽行机器"。Those outside the city fared little better than those within. Practically the samesituation existed in all the communities within 200 li (about 66 miles) of Nanking. The population had fled into the country-side in an attempt to escape from the Japanese soldiers. In places they had grouped themselves into fugitive camps. The Japanese captured many of these camps and visited upon the fugitives treatment similar to that accorded the inhabitants of Nanking.南京城外中国人的遭遇，跟城里的一样悲惨。实际上，这种状况在南京周围 200里（约66英里）的范围内都存在。城里居民涌向农村，试图躲开日军，有几处自发 形成了难民营。日军搜索到了这些难民营，将难民同城里的居民一样对待。Of the civilians who had fled Nanking, over 57,000 were overtaken and interned. These were starved and tortured in captivity until a large number died. Manyof the survivors were killed by machine gun fire and by bayoneting.在那些逃 出南京的平民中，大约有57000人被追上和拘押。这些人中的大部分，最后因为无法忍 受饥饿和折磨而死亡。那些侥幸挺过来的人，则会被用机枪和刺刀杀害。Large parties of Chinese soldiers laid down their arms and surrendered outside Nanking; within 72 hours after their surrender, they were killed in groups by machine gun fire along the bank of the Yangtze River.大批的中国士兵放下武器，在南京城外投降。在投降的72小时以后，他们被用机关枪在长江边集体杀害。Over30,000 such prisoners of war were so killed. There was not even a pretence of trial of these prisoners so massacred.大约有30000名战俘这样被杀。甚至都没有进行形式上的审判，大屠杀就开始了。Estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number of civilians and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking and its vicinity during the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation was over 200,000. That these estimates are not exaggerated is borne out by the fact that burial societies and other organizations counted more than 155,000bodies which they buried. They also reported that most of those were bound with their hands tied behind their backs. These figures do not take into account those persons whose bodies were destroyed by burning, or by throwingthem into the Yangtze River, or otherwise disposed of by Japanese.根据事后 的估计，在日军占领南京后的六周内，在南京及其附近地区，被杀害的平民和战俘总数大约有20万人。这个数字并非出于夸张的想象，而是来自于殡葬行业和其他一些掩埋尸体的组织提供的事实。他们一共埋葬了超过了15.5万具尸体。他们还报告说，大多数尸体的双手都被绑在背后。这个数字还没有包括那些被烧毁的尸体、被投入长江的尸体，以及其他日军自己处置的尸体。Japanese Embassy officials entered the city of Nanking with the advance elements of the Army; and on 14 December, an official of the Embassy informed the International Committee for the NankingSafety ¸one that the "Army was determined to make it bad for Nanking, but that Embassy officials were going to try to moderate the action." The Embassy officials also informed the members of the Committee that at the time of the occupation of the city, no more than 17 military policemen were provided by the Army commanders to maintain order within the city. When it transpired that complaints to the Army officials did not have any result, those Japanese embassy officials suggested to the foreign missionaries that the latter should try and get publicity in Japan, so that the Japanese Government would be forced by public opinion to curb the Army.12月14日，日本驻中国大使馆的官员跟随军队进入南京。一个大使馆的官员，对国际安全区的外国人说："陆军决心惩罚南京，但是大使馆正在设法缓和事态。"这个官员还说，在占领期间，日军会提供最多17名军事警察来维持城市秩序。稍后，国际安全区的外国居民发现，对日军提出的抗议根本不起作用，日本大使馆的官员又建议这些外国人，直接向日本的媒体进行曝光，这样日本政府会被迫根据舆论遏制军队的行为。Dr. Bates testified that the terror was intense for two and one-half to three weeks, and was serious six to seven weeks following the fall of the city.Bates博士作证，在 南京攻陷后的二至三周内，恐怖行为极其严重，在六至七周内非常严重。Smythe, the Secretary of the Int. Committee for the Safety Zone, filed two protests a day for the first six weeks.国际安全区的秘书长Smythe，在头六个星期中，每天都会提出两份抗议书。MATSUI, who had remained in a rear area until 17 December,made a triumphal entry into the city on that day, and on 18 December held a religious service for the dead, after which he issued a statement in the course of which he said: "I extend much sympathy to millions of innocent people in the Kiangpei and Chekiang districts, who suffered the evils of war. Now the flag of the rising sun is floating high over Nanking, and the Imperial Way is shining in the southern parts of the Yangtze-Kiang. The dawnof the renaissance of the East is on the verge of offering itself. On this occasion, I hope for reconsideration of the situation by the 400 million people of China." MATSUI remained in the city for nearly a week.松井石根一直留在后方，直到12月17日才以胜利者的姿态进入南京。12月18日，他主持了一个悼念死者的宗教仪式。随后，他发表了一个声明，他在其中说到："我对江北和江浙一带的几 百万无辜人民，表示极大的同情，他们是战争恶魔的受害者。现在，太阳旗已经飘扬在南京上方，天皇的光辉照耀在长江以南。东亚复兴的黎明即将来到。在此，我希望4亿 中国人民对形势能够重新认识。"他在南京停留了将近一个星期。MUTO, then a colonel, had joined MATSUI's staff on 10 November 1937, and was with MATSUI during the drive on Nanking and participated in the triumphal entry and occupation of the city. Both he and MATSUI admit that they heard of the atrocities being committed in the city during their stay at rear headquarters after the fall of the city. MATSUI admits that he heard that foreign governments were protesting against the commission of these atrocities. No effective action was taken to remedy the situation. Evidence was given before the Tribunal by an eye witness, that while MATSUI was in Nanking on the 19th of December, the business section of the city was in flames. On that day, the witness counted fourteen fires in the principal business street zone. After the entry of MATSUI and MUTO into the city, the situation did not improve for weeks.日军上校武藤章在1937年11月10月，加入松井石根的幕僚，稍后跟随松井一起进入南京。他们两人都承认，在南京攻陷后，他们在后方司令部，都听说了城中发生的暴行。松井承认，他知道外国政府对这些暴行的抗议。但是，没有采取有效行动去缓和形势。根据目击证人提供的证据，12月19日松井在南京时，城市的商业区正是火光熊熊。当天，目击者一共报告了主要商业区中发生的14起火灾。松井和武藤进入南京后，形势连续几个星期没有任何好转。大公报公布的中国政府的统计：1946年2月17日的上海《大公报》第二版，标题是《南京大屠杀案首期调查工 作结束 惨死同胞约三十万》，原文如下：（1）山本部队集体屠杀二百人；（2）大野 部队任意屠杀三人。（3）中岛部队集体屠杀二十六万三千八百三十三人，任意屠杀三 百六十六人，暗杀一百八十九人，伤害二十人，强奸五人，拒奸致死八人，抢劫勒索三二人，烧死一百七十八人，强制服役三人。（4）长谷川部队集体屠杀一千六百人，任 意杀害二人，勒索二人，烧死二人。（5）支那派遣军任意杀害三人，勒索二人，烧死 二人。（6）西部部队杀害四人，伤害二人，勒索一人，烧死三人。（7）畑中部队集体屠杀五百人，暗杀一人，烧死二人。（8）特务机关任意屠杀三人，暗杀一人，烧死二 人。（9）特务机关任意屠杀三人，暗杀一人，烧死一人，（10）金条部队任意屠杀二 人，烧死一人。（11）日空军炸死六人。（12）日海军任意屠杀十人，暗杀二人，烧死一人，轰炸死五人。（13）横口部队任意屠杀一人。（14）登一六二九部队毙死二人，强制服役一人。（15）箕浦部队集体屠杀三十八人，伤害一人。（16）山田部队任意屠杀二人。（17）后藤部队酷刑二人，火毁一人。（18）一六二五部队任意屠杀一人，暗杀一人，烧死二人。（19）多摩部队有以俘虏作实验材料罪证。（20）大熊部队任意杀害三人。（21）冢部部队烧死一人。（22）石岗（缺）。[合计]集体屠杀29万4921人，任意屠杀403人，暗杀203人，酷刑42人。虏役41人，强奸14人，轮奸5人，强奸致死8人，强盗30人，勒索5人，烧死196人，轰炸死14人，强征服役8人，共29万5890人。敌商 敌儒之各种罪行尚不在内。调查委员会并分函各社团扩大宣传，再鼓励人民赶快举发。
南京大屠杀发生一周内，国际上出现了首次报道[9]，对总死亡人数的第一次估计刊登 于1938年1月24日的《新中国日报》[10]。澳大利亚记者哈罗德·田伯烈在其著作《外 人目睹中之日军暴行》中声称有30万平民被杀害[10]。然而，田伯烈这一数字来源于法国人道主义者饶家驹神父，大屠杀发生时他在上海[1]，所以这也可能包括淞沪会战的 平民伤亡[11]。田伯烈在同年晚些时候出版的《日军在华暴行》（Japanese Terror In China）一书中给出了第二次估计，他援引“一名大学外籍教员”的说法指出“近4万 手无寸铁的人在南京城内或城墙附近死亡”[12]。这一信息的来源为定居南京的美国人迈纳·舍尔·贝德士，贝德士在计算中使用了红卍字会的埋葬记录[13]。
直到20世纪40年代末，这两个估计常常被记者和媒体引用。例如， 埃德加·斯诺在他 1941年出版的著作《为亚洲而战》（The Battle for China）中称在南京有4万2千人遭到屠杀，在南京与上海总共有30万人遭到屠杀，这显然是基于这些估计[14][15]。1944年电影《中国战役》指出有4万人在南京大屠杀中遇难[16]。
东京国际军事法庭判定的内容在 https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/IMTFE/ The Rape of Nanking As the Central China Expeditionary Force under command of MATSUI approached the city of Nanking in early December 1937,, over one-half of its one million inhabitants and all but a few neutrals who remained behind to organize an International Safety Zone, fled from the city. the Chinese Army retreated, leaving approximately 50,000 troops behind to defend the city. As the Japanese forces stormed the South Gate on the night of 12 December 1937, most of the remaining 50,000 troops escaped through the North and West Gates of the city. Nearly all the Chinese soldiers had evacuated the city or had abandoned their arms and uniforms and sought refuge in the International Safety Zone, and all resistance had ceased as the Japanese Army entered the city on the morning of 13 December 1937. The Japanese soldiers swarmed over the city and committed various atrocities. According to one of the eyewitnesses, they were let loose like a barbarian horde to desecrate the city. It was said by eyewitnesses that the city appeared to have fallen into the hands of the Japanese as captured prey, that it had not merely been taken in organized warfare, and that the members of the victorious Japanese Army had set --1011-- upon the prize to committee unlimited violence. Individual soldiers and small groups of two of three roamed over the city murdering, raping, looting, and burning. there was no discipline whatever. Many soldiers were drunk. Solders went through the streets indiscriminately killing Chinese men, women and children without apparent provocation or excuse until in places the streets and alleys were littered with the bodies of their victims. According to another witness, Chinese were hunted like rabbits, everyone seen to move was shot. At least 12,000 non-combatant Chinese men, women and children met their deaths in these indiscriminate killings during the first tow or three days of the Japanese occupation of the city. There were many cases of rape. Death was a frequently penalty for the slightest resistance on the part of a civtion [sic] or the members of her family who sought to protect her. Even girls of tender years and old women were raped in large numbers throughout the city, and many cases of abnormal and sadistic behaviour in connection with these rapings occurred. Many women were killed after the act and their bodies mutilated. Approximately 20,000 cases of rape occurred within the city during the first month of the occupation.
Japanese soldiers took from the people everything they desired. Soldiers were observed to stop unarmed civilians on the road, search them, and finding nothing of value then to shoot them. Very many residential and commercial properties were entered and looted. Looted stocks were carried away in trucks. After looting shops and warehouses, the Japanese soldiers frequently set fire to them. Taiping Road, the most important
--1012-- shopping street, and block after block of the commercial section of the city were destroyed by fire. Soldiers burned the homes of civilians for no apparent reason. Such burning appeared to follow a prescribed pattern after a few days and continued for six weeks. Approximately one-third of the city was thus destroyed. Organized and wholesale murder of male civilians was conducted with the apparent sanction of the commanders on the pretense that Chinese soldiers had removed their uniforms and were mingling with the population. Groups of Chinese civilians were formed, bound with their hands behind their backs, and marched outside the walls of the city where they were killed in groups by machine gun fire and with bayonets. More than 20,000 Chinese men of military age are known to have died in this fashion.
The German Government was informed by its representative about "atrocities and criminal acts not of an individual but of an entire Army, namely, the Japanese," which Army, later in the Report, was qualified as a "bestial machinery."
Those outside the city fared little better than those within. Practically the same situation existed in all the communities within 200 li (about 66 miles) of Nanking. The population had fled into the country-side in an attempt to escape from the Japanese soldiers. In places they had grouped themselves into fugitive camps. The Japanese captured many of these camps and visited upon the fugitives treatment similar to that accorded th inhabitants of Nanking. Of the civilians who had fled Nanking, over 57,000 were overtaken and interned. These were starved and tortured in captivity until a large
--1013-- number died. Many of the survivors were killed by machine gun fire and by bayoneting. Large parties of Chinese soldiers laid down their arms and surrendered outside Nanking; within 72 hours after their surrender, they were killed in groups by machine gun fire along the bank of the Yangtze River.
--1014-- Over 30,000 such prisoners of war were so killed. There was not even a pretence of trial of these prisoners so massacred. Estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number of civilians and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking and its vicinity during the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation was over 200,000. That these estimates are not exaggerated is borne out by the fact that burial societies and other organizations counted more than 155,000 bodies which they buried. They also reported that most of those were bound with their hands tied behind their backs. These figures do not take into account those persons whose bodies were destroyed by burning, or by throwing them into the Yangtze River, or otherwise disposed of by Japanese.
Japanese Embassy officials entered the city of Nanking with the advance elements of the Army; and on 14 December, an official of the Embassy informed the International Committee for the Nanking Safety ¸one that the "Army was determined to make it bad for Nanking, but that Embassy officials were going to try to moderate the action." The Embassy officials also informed the members of the Committee that at the time of the occupation of the city, no more than 17 military policemen were provided by the Army commanders to maintain order within the city. When it transpired that complaints to the Army officials did not have any result, those Japanese embassy officials suggested to the foreign missionaries that the latter should try and get publicity in Japan, so that the Japanese Government would be forced by public opinion to curb the Army.
--1015-- Dr. Bates testified that the terror was intense for two and one-half to three weeks, and was serious six to seven weeks following the fall of the city. Smythe, the Secretary of the Int. Committee for the Safety Zone, filed two protests a day for the first six weeks.
MATSUI, who had remained in a rear area until 17 December, made a triumphal entry into the city on that day, and on 18 December held a religious service for the dead, after which he issued a statement in the course of which he said: "I extend much sympathy to millions of innocent people in the Kiangpei and Chekiang districts, who suffered the evils
--1016-- of war. Now the flag of the rising sun is floating high over Nanking, and the Imperial Way is shining in the southern parts of the Yangtze-Kiang. The dawn of the renaissance of the East is on the verge of offering itself. On this occasion, I hope for reconsideration of the situation by the 400 million people of China." MATSUI remained in the city for nearly a week. MUTO, then a colonel, had joined MATSUI's staff on 10 November 1937, and was with MATSUI during the drive on Nanking and participated in the triumphal entry and occupation of the city. Both he and MATSUI admit that they heard of the atrocities being committed in the city during their stay at rear headquarters after the fall of the city. MATSUI admits that he heard that foreign governments were protesting against the commission of these atrocities. No effective action was taken to remedy the situation. Evidence was given before the Tribunal by an eye witness, that while MATSUI was in Nanking on the 19th of December, the business section of the city was in flames. On that day, the witness counted fourteen fires in the principal business street zone. After the entry of MATSUI and MUTO into the city, the situation did not improve for weeks.
Members of the Diplomatic Corps and Press and the Japanese Embassy in Nanking sent out reports detailing the atrocities being committed in and around Nanking. The Japanese Minister-at-Large to China, Ito, Nobofumi, was in Shanghai from September 1937 to February 1938. He received reports from the Japanese Embassy in Nanking and from members of the Diplomatic Corps and Press regarding the conduct of the Japanese troops and
--1017-- sent a resumé of the reports to the Japanese Foreign Minister, HIROTA. These reports, as well as many others giving information of the atrocities committed at Nanking, which were forwarded by members of the Japanese diplomatic officials in China, were forwarded by HIROTA to the War Ministry of which UMEZU was Vice-Minister. They were discussed at Liaison Conferences, which were normally attended by the Prime Minister, War and Navy Ministers, Foreign Minister HIROTA, Finance Minister KAYA, and the Chiefs of the Army and Navy General Staffs. News reports of the atrocities were widespread. MInAMI, who was serving as Governor-General of Korea at the time, admits that he read these reports in the Press. Following these unfavorable reports and the pressure of public opinion aroused in nations all over the world, the Japanese GOvernment recalled MATSUI and approximately 80 of his officers, but took no action to punish any of them. MATSUI, after his return to Japan on 5 March 1938, was appointed a Cabinet Councillor and 0n 29 April 19490, was decorated by the Japanese Government for "meritorious services" in the China War. MATSUI, in explaining his recall, says that he was not replaced by HATA because of the atrocities committed by his troops at Nanking, but because he considered his work ended at Nanking and wished to retire from the Army. He was never punished.
The barbarous behaviour of the Japanese Army cannot be excused as the acts of a soldiery which had temporarily gotten out of hand when at last a stubbornly defended position had capitulated -- rape, arson and murder continued to be committed on a large scale for at least six weeks after the city had been taken and for at least
--1018-- four weeks after MATSUI and MUTO had entered the city. The new Japanese garrison Commander at Nanking, General Amaya, on 5 February 1938, at the Japanese Embassy in Nanking, made a statement to the Foreign diplomatic corps criticizing the attitude of the foreigners who had been sending abroad reports of Japanese atrocities at Nanking and upbraiding them for encouraging anti-Japanese feeling. This statement by Amaya reflected the attitude of the Japanese Military toward foreigners in China, who were hostile to the Japanese policy of waging an unrestrained punitive war against the people of China.
MATSUI, Iwane The accused MATSUI is charged under Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 54 and 55. MATSUI was a senior Officer in the Japanese Army and attained the rank of General in 1933. He had a wide experience in the Army, including service in the Kwantung Army and in the General Staff. Although his close association with those who conceived and carried out the conspiracy suggests that he must have been aware of the purposes and policies of the conspirators, the evidence before the Tribunal does not justify a finding that he was a conspirator.
His military service in China in 1937 and 1938 cannot be regarded, of itself, as the waging of an aggressive war. To justify a conviction under Count 27, it was the duty of the prosecution to tender evidence which would justify an inference that he had knowledge of the criminal character of that war. This has not been done.
In 1935, MATSUI was placed on the retired list, but in 1937, he was recalled to active duty to command the Shanghai expeditionary force. He was then appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Central China Area Army, which included the Shanghai Expeditionary Force and the Tenth Army. With these troops, he captured the city of Nanking on 13th December 1937.
Before the fall of Nanking, the Chinese forces withdrew and the occupation was of a defenseless city. Then followed a long succession of most horrible atrocities committed by the Japanese Army upon the helpless citizens. Wholesale massacres, individual murders,
--1180-- rape, looting and arson were committed yb Japanese soldiers. Although the extent of the atrocities was denied by Japanese witnesses, the contrary evidence of neutral witnesses of different nationalities and undoubted responsibility is overwhelming. This orgy of crime started with the capture of the City on the 13th December 1937 and did not cease until early in February 1938. In this period of six or seven weeks, thousands of women were raped, upwards of 100,000 people were killed, and untold property was stolen and burned. At the height of these dreadful happenings, on 17th December, MATSUI made a triumphal entry into the City and remained there from five to seven days. From his own observations and form the reports of his staff, he must have been aware of what was happening. He admits he was told of some degree of misbehaviour of his Army by the Kempetai and by Consular Officials. Daily reports of these atrocities were made to Japanese diplomatic representatives in Nanking, who in turn reported them to Tokyo. The Tribunal is satisfied that MATSUI knew what was happening. He did nothing, or nothing effective, to abate these horrors. He did issue orders before the capture of the City enjoining propriety of conduct upon his troops, and later he issued further orders to the same purport. THese orders were of no effect, as is no known, and as he must have known. It was pleaded in his behalf that at this time he was ill. His illness was not sufficient to prevent his conducting the military operations of his command nor to prevent his visiting the City for days while these atrocities were occurring. He was in command of the Army responsible for these happenings. He knew of them. He had the power as he had the duty to control --1181-- his troops and to protect the unfortunate citizens of Nanking. He must be held criminally responsible for his failure to discharge this duty. The Tribunal holds the accused MATSUI guilty under Count 55 and not guilty under Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36 and 54.
Count 55. The Defendants DOHIHARA, HATA, HOSHINO, ITAGAKI, KAYA, KIDO, KIMURA, KOISO, MUTO, NAGANO, OKA, OSHIMA, SATO, SHIGEMITSU, SHIMADA, SUZUKI, TOGO, TOJO and UMEZU, between the 7th December, 1941 and the 2nd September, 1945, being by virtue of their respective offices responsible for securing the observance of the said Conventions and assurances and the Laws and Customs of War in respect of the armed forces in the countries hereinafter named and in respect of many thousands of prisoners of war and civilians then in the power of Japan belonging to the United States of America, the British Commonwealth of Nations, the Republic of France, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, --59-- the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Republic of China, the Republic of Portugal and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, deliberately and recklessly disregarded their legal duty to take adequate steps to secure the observance and prevent breaches thereof, and thereby violated the laws of war.
In the case of the Republic of China, the said offence
began on the 18th September, 1931,
and the following Defendants were responsible for the same in addition to those named above: ARAKI, HASHIMOTO, HIRANUMA, HIROTA,
关于“南京大屠杀”的证据与资料，为了中国审判战犯和远东国际法庭的审理，南京市议会自1945年8月即开始收集资料，历时两载。首先中国军事法庭于1947年2月初审判“南京大屠杀”首要战犯第六师团长谷寿夫。亲历其境之证人如美籍贝德士及史迈士教授等1250余人出庭或具结作证，连同物证资料提作审判依据。
南京大屠杀死了多少人，约翰·马吉南京大屠杀视频曝光 第7张
3月10日宣布判决∶“计我被俘军民，在中华门花神庙、石观音、小心桥、扫帚巷、正
觉寺、方家山、宝塔桥、下关草鞋峡等处，惨遭集体杀戮及焚尸灭迹者达19万人以上。在中华门下码头、东岳庙、堆草巷、斩龙桥等处，被零星残杀，尸骸经慈善团体掩埋者，达15万人以上，被害总数共30余万人。”
南京大屠杀死了多少人，约翰·马吉南京大屠杀视频曝光 第8张
判决书所定之集体屠杀19万人及零星屠杀15万人，系根据身历其境之1250余人，及当时主持掩埋尸体之许传音、周一渔、刘德才、盛世徵等具结证明。具有红十字会掩埋尸体43071具，崇善堂收埋尸体112266具之统计表;灵谷寺无主孤魂3000余具之碑文;及谷寿
夫在法庭上犹洋洋自得叙述其以丛葬方式集中掩埋之“万人坑”五处所起出之头颅数千具;并有众多的出版物和照片为物证。
南京大屠杀死了多少人，约翰·马吉南京大屠杀视频曝光 第9张
统计人数并不完善其实，中国政府检察官陈光虞根据十四个团体的调查，于1946年5月
向远东国际军事法庭提出的“南京大屠杀”确定的被屠杀者294911人，未确定的被屠杀者20万人。同年九月，陈氏根据继续收到的确实资料，又增列被屠杀者96260人，故确
定被屠者应为391171人。
南京大屠杀死了多少人，约翰·马吉南京大屠杀视频曝光 第10张
东京审判对“南京大屠杀”颇为重视，听取来自中国亲历目睹的中外证人十余人(包括
贝德士、梅奇、威尔逊医生、许传音、伍长德、粱延芳、秦德纯等)的口头证言并接受
了百余件书面证词，最后作出慎重的保守的判决∶“在日军占领后最初六个星期内，南京及其附近被屠杀的平民和俘虏，总数达20万以上。
南京大屠杀死了多少人，约翰·马吉南京大屠杀视频曝光 第11张
这种估计并不夸张，这由掩埋队及其他团体所埋尸体达15.5万人的事实就可以证明了。这个数字还没有将被日军所烧弃了的尸体，投入到长江，或以其他方法处理的尸体在内。”
http://jssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn/szbook/slsz/rkz/D3/D3J2.HTM
民国16年南京市区人口不过36万人，民国26年增加到118.95万人。抗日战争爆发后，民国26年10月，国民政府机关开始从南京搬迁武汉，居民除一部分随之西迁，一部分避难于周围城乡外，半数未及疏散。据南京市政府民国26年11月23日(离南京失陷只20天)致国民党军事委员会后方勤务部的公函称：“查本市现有人口约50余万。除一部能自动离京，一部事实上决不能离京者外，估计将来需要遣送难民约20万人左右。”并附有警察署调查的人口统计表。①但是，这遣送20万难民的计划并未实施。民国26年12月，日军占领南京，对业已放下武器的中国士兵和无辜居民，进行了长达一个多月的血腥大屠杀。仅据战后不完全统计，日军集体屠杀我同胞19万余人，零散杀害的居民仅收埋的尸体就达15万余具。经南京军事法庭判定，南京军民被屠杀总数达30万余人。这就是震惊世界的南京大屠杀。沦陷时期南京一度为汪伪汉奸政治的统治中心，人口约60多万。
南京市民国16—36年(1927—1947年)人口总数
表3-19
年份 户数 人口数
民国16年 360500
民国17年 497526
民国18年 540120
民国19年 577093
民国20年 653948
民国21年 659617
民国22年 726131
民国23年 777230
民国24年 811065
民国25年 968942
民国26年 167254 1189506
民国27年 108094 438013
民国28年 135318 576347
民国29年 140083 616085
民国30年 140278 626217
民国31年 139522 629322
民国32年 145421 670833
民国33年 137400 674104
民国34年 137499 674968
民国35年 186941 1007553(年末数)
民国36年 213483 1103538(9月份数)
资料来源：民国16—25年，据《首都志》卷6，户口，正中书局1935年版，500—501页。
民国26—36年，据国民政府主计处统计局编印《统计月报》第121—122号合刊，第20页，“各大城市户口变动”。
作者：键盘·侠
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远东国际法庭的统计Individual soldiers and small groups of two of three
roamed over the city murdering, raping, looting, and burning. there was no
discipline whatever. Many soldiers were drunk. Solders went through the
streets indiscriminately killing Chinese men, women and children without
apparent provocation or excuse until in places the streets and alleys were
littered with the bodies of their victims. According to another witness,
Chinese were hunted like rabbits, everyone seen to move was shot. At least
12,000 non-combatant Chinese men, women and children met their deaths in
these indiscriminate killings during the first two or three days of the
Japanese occupation of the city.单个的和二三人一组的日军士兵，在城市中出没，到处杀人、强奸、掠夺和焚烧，为所欲为。许多士兵都酩酊大醉。他们在大街上见到中国人就杀，不管是男人、女人或儿童，不需要任何理由和借口。有几条大街和弄堂，遍地都是中国人的尸体。根据另一个目击者的证词，中国人像野兔一样被日军当作猎物射击。只要看见有活动的中国人，他就会被打死。在日军占领南京后的头两三天中，至少有12000名非武装人员的中国男性、女性和儿童，死于日军的屠杀中。There were manycases of rape. Death was a frequently penalty for the slightest resistance
on the part of a civtion [sic] or the members of her family who sought to
protect her. Even girls of tender years and old women were raped in large
numbers throughout the city, and many cases of abnormal and sadistic
behaviour in connection with these rapings occurred. Many women were killed after the act and their bodies mutilated. Approximately 20,000 cases of rapeoccurred within the city during the first month of the occupation.同时，还
发生了许多起强奸。中国女性或者试图保护她的家人，只要稍有反抗，就立刻会被杀死。甚至城中大量未成年的女孩和老年妇女，都被强奸。在强奸过程中，还发生了许多起变态和虐待行为。许多妇女在强奸后被杀，她们的尸体被烧毁。在占领后的第一个月中，大约共发生了20000起强奸。Japanese soldiers took from the people everythingthey desired. Soldiers were observed to stop unarmed civilians on the road,
search them, and finding nothing of value then to shoot them. Very many
residential and commercial properties were entered and looted. Looted stockswere carried away in trucks. After looting shops and warehouses, the
Japanese soldiers frequently set fire to them.日军士兵从南京居民手中，夺走任何他们看中的东西。有人看到，日军士兵在路上拦住手无寸铁的平民，进行搜身，如果没发现有价值的东西，日军就会杀死他们。大量的民居和商业用房，都被日军闯入，洗劫一空。抢来的物品装在卡车上运走。在抢劫完毕之后，日军经常会纵火，将房屋付之一炬。Taiping Road, the most important shopping street, and block after
block of the commercial section of the city were destroyed by fire. Soldiersburned the homes of civilians for no apparent reason. Such burning appeared
to follow a prescribed pattern after a few days and continued for six weeks
. Approximately one-third of the city was thus destroyed.南京最重要的商业街
太平路，以及其他的商业区，都被焚毁。日军士兵还无故烧毁平民的住宅。这些纵火行为看上去是奉命行事，持续了6个星期。三分之一的南京因此变成废墟。Organized andwholesale murder of male civilians was conducted with the apparent sanction
of the commanders on the pretense that Chinese soldiers had removed their
uniforms and were mingling with the population. Groups of Chinese civilians were formed, bound with their hands behind their backs, and marched outside the walls of the city where they were killed in groups by machine gun fire
and with bayonets. More than 20,000 Chinese men of military age are known tohave died in this fashion.大批男性南京市民，被有组织的和大规模的杀害，这是
日军司令部的指令，借口他们是脱下军装、混入平民的中国士兵。中国平民被分成一组一组，双手绑在背后，押送到城墙边，然后被机关枪和刺刀成批杀害。大约有20000名
处在服役年龄的中国男性死于这种方式。The German Government was informed by
its representative about "atrocities and criminal acts not of an individual but of an entire Army, namely, the Japanese," which Army, later in the
Report, was qualified as a "bestial machinery."德国驻中国大使在向德国政府递
交的报告中，写道："暴行和犯罪行为并非单个士兵所为，而是整支军队都参与其中，
也就是说，是所有的日本人。"这支军队在后文中被形容为是一部"兽行机器"。Those
outside the city fared little better than those within. Practically the samesituation existed in all the communities within 200 li (about 66 miles) of
Nanking. The population had fled into the country-side in an attempt to
escape from the Japanese soldiers. In places they had grouped themselves
into fugitive camps. The Japanese captured many of these camps and visited
upon the fugitives treatment similar to that accorded the inhabitants of
Nanking.南京城外中国人的遭遇，跟城里的一样悲惨。实际上，这种状况在南京周围
200里（约66英里）的范围内都存在。城里居民涌向农村，试图躲开日军，有几处自发
形成了难民营。日军搜索到了这些难民营，将难民同城里的居民一样对待。Of the
civilians who had fled Nanking, over 57,000 were overtaken and interned.
These were starved and tortured in captivity until a large number died. Manyof the survivors were killed by machine gun fire and by bayoneting.在那些逃
出南京的平民中，大约有57000人被追上和拘押。这些人中的大部分，最后因为无法忍
受饥饿和折磨而死亡。那些侥幸挺过来的人，则会被用机枪和刺刀杀害。Large
parties of Chinese soldiers laid down their arms and surrendered outside
Nanking; within 72 hours after their surrender, they were killed in groups
by machine gun fire along the bank of the Yangtze River.大批的中国士兵放下武器，在南京城外投降。在投降的72小时以后，他们被用机关枪在长江边集体杀害。Over30,000 such prisoners of war were so killed. There was not even a pretence
of trial of these prisoners so massacred.大约有30000名战俘这样被杀。甚至都没有进行形式上的审判，大屠杀就开始了。Estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number of civilians and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking and its vicinity during the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation was
over 200,000. That these estimates are not exaggerated is borne out by the
fact that burial societies and other organizations counted more than 155,000bodies which they buried. They also reported that most of those were bound
with their hands tied behind their backs. These figures do not take into
account those persons whose bodies were destroyed by burning, or by throwingthem into the Yangtze River, or otherwise disposed of by Japanese.根据事后
的估计，在日军占领南京后的六周内，在南京及其附近地区，被杀害的平民和战俘总数大约有20万人。这个数字并非出于夸张的想象，而是来自于殡葬行业和其他一些掩埋尸体的组织提供的事实。他们一共埋葬了超过了15.5万具尸体。他们还报告说，大多数尸体的双手都被绑在背后。这个数字还没有包括那些被烧毁的尸体、被投入长江的尸体，以及其他日军自己处置的尸体。Japanese Embassy officials entered the city of
Nanking with the advance elements of the Army; and on 14 December, an
official of the Embassy informed the International Committee for the NankingSafety ¸one that the "Army was determined to make it bad for Nanking,
but that Embassy officials were going to try to moderate the action." The
Embassy officials also informed the members of the Committee that at the
time of the occupation of the city, no more than 17 military policemen were provided by the Army commanders to maintain order within the city. When it
transpired that complaints to the Army officials did not have any result,
those Japanese embassy officials suggested to the foreign missionaries that the latter should try and get publicity in Japan, so that the Japanese
Government would be forced by public opinion to curb the Army.12月14日，日本驻中国大使馆的官员跟随军队进入南京。一个大使馆的官员，对国际安全区的外国人说："陆军决心惩罚南京，但是大使馆正在设法缓和事态。"这个官员还说，在占领期间，日军会提供最多17名军事警察来维持城市秩序。稍后，国际安全区的外国居民发现，对日军提出的抗议根本不起作用，日本大使馆的官员又建议这些外国人，直接向日本的媒体进行曝光，这样日本政府会被迫根据舆论遏制军队的行为。Dr. Bates testified
that the terror was intense for two and one-half to three weeks, and was
serious six to seven weeks following the fall of the city.Bates博士作证，在
南京攻陷后的二至三周内，恐怖行为极其严重，在六至七周内非常严重。Smythe, the Secretary of the Int. Committee for the Safety Zone, filed two protests a
day for the first six weeks.国际安全区的秘书长Smythe，在头六个星期中，每天都会提出两份抗议书。MATSUI, who had remained in a rear area until 17 December,made a triumphal entry into the city on that day, and on 18 December held a
religious service for the dead, after which he issued a statement in the
course of which he said: "I extend much sympathy to millions of innocent
people in the Kiangpei and Chekiang districts, who suffered the evils of war. Now the flag of the rising sun is floating high over Nanking, and the
Imperial Way is shining in the southern parts of the Yangtze-Kiang. The dawnof the renaissance of the East is on the verge of offering itself. On this
occasion, I hope for reconsideration of the situation by the 400 million
people of China." MATSUI remained in the city for nearly a week.松井石根一直留在后方，直到12月17日才以胜利者的姿态进入南京。12月18日，他主持了一个悼念死者的宗教仪式。随后，他发表了一个声明，他在其中说到："我对江北和江浙一带的几
百万无辜人民，表示极大的同情，他们是战争恶魔的受害者。现在，太阳旗已经飘扬在南京上方，天皇的光辉照耀在长江以南。东亚复兴的黎明即将来到。在此，我希望4亿
中国人民对形势能够重新认识。"他在南京停留了将近一个星期。MUTO, then a
colonel, had joined MATSUI's staff on 10 November 1937, and was with MATSUI during the drive on Nanking and participated in the triumphal entry and
occupation of the city. Both he and MATSUI admit that they heard of the
atrocities being committed in the city during their stay at rear
headquarters after the fall of the city. MATSUI admits that he heard that
foreign governments were protesting against the commission of these
atrocities. No effective action was taken to remedy the situation. Evidence was given before the Tribunal by an eye witness, that while MATSUI was in
Nanking on the 19th of December, the business section of the city was in
flames. On that day, the witness counted fourteen fires in the principal
business street zone. After the entry of MATSUI and MUTO into the city, the situation did not improve for weeks.日军上校武藤章在1937年11月10月，加入松井石根的幕僚，稍后跟随松井一起进入南京。他们两人都承认，在南京攻陷后，他们在后方司令部，都听说了城中发生的暴行。松井承认，他知道外国政府对这些暴行的抗议。但是，没有采取有效行动去缓和形势。根据目击证人提供的证据，12月19日松井在南京时，城市的商业区正是火光熊熊。当天，目击者一共报告了主要商业区中发生的14起火灾。松井和武藤进入南京后，形势连续几个星期没有任何好转。大公报公布的中国政府的统计：1946年2月17日的上海《大公报》第二版，标题是《南京大屠杀案首期调查工
作结束 惨死同胞约三十万》，原文如下：（1）山本部队集体屠杀二百人；（2）大野
部队任意屠杀三人。（3）中岛部队集体屠杀二十六万三千八百三十三人，任意屠杀三
百六十六人，暗杀一百八十九人，伤害二十人，强奸五人，拒奸致死八人，抢劫勒索三二人，烧死一百七十八人，强制服役三人。（4）长谷川部队集体屠杀一千六百人，任
意杀害二人，勒索二人，烧死二人。（5）支那派遣军任意杀害三人，勒索二人，烧死
二人。（6）西部部队杀害四人，伤害二人，勒索一人，烧死三人。（7）畑中部队集体屠杀五百人，暗杀一人，烧死二人。（8）特务机关任意屠杀三人，暗杀一人，烧死二
人。（9）特务机关任意屠杀三人，暗杀一人，烧死一人，（10）金条部队任意屠杀二
人，烧死一人。（11）日空军炸死六人。（12）日海军任意屠杀十人，暗杀二人，烧死一人，轰炸死五人。（13）横口部队任意屠杀一人。（14）登一六二九部队毙死二人，强制服役一人。（15）箕浦部队集体屠杀三十八人，伤害一人。（16）山田部队任意屠杀二人。（17）后藤部队酷刑二人，火毁一人。（18）一六二五部队任意屠杀一人，暗杀一人，烧死二人。（19）多摩部队有以俘虏作实验材料罪证。（20）大熊部队任意杀害三人。（21）冢部部队烧死一人。（22）石岗（缺）。[合计]集体屠杀29万4921人，任意屠杀403人，暗杀203人，酷刑42人。虏役41人，强奸14人，轮奸5人，强奸致死8人，强盗30人，勒索5人，烧死196人，轰炸死14人，强征服役8人，共29万5890人。敌商
敌儒之各种罪行尚不在内。调查委员会并分函各社团扩大宣传，再鼓励人民赶快举发。
赞
现在没有意义再去说精确数字。事实是有很多很多中国人死于日本人屠杀，这些就够了。
【 在 wewill2009 (daluobe) 的大作中提到: 】
: 关于“南京大屠杀”的证据与资料，为了中国审判战犯和远东国际法庭的审理，南京市
埋了15万具尸体
请问，在哪儿呢？
除了 中岛部队集体屠杀二十六万三千八百三十三人
剩下的部队屠杀都是 几人，十几个，几百人？
【 在 zmimy02 (mimi) 的大作中提到: 】
: 埋了15万具尸体
: 请问，在哪儿呢？
我给轮毙酱起的大名叫
屎黄
对应粉红
感觉它们应该很喜欢
stop mentioning 300000 then
【 在 NYCGOPDEM (NYCGOPDEM) 的大作中提到: 】
: 现在没有意义再去说精确数字。事实是有很多很多中国人死于日本人屠杀，这些就够了。
【 在 keystone0504 (飞翔之父) 的大作中提到: 】
: stop mentioning 300000 then
: 了。
我给轮毙酱起的大名叫
屎黄
对应粉红
感觉它们应该很喜欢
老畜牲
【 在 keystone0504 (飞翔之父) 的大作中提到: 】
: stop mentioning 300000 then
: 了。
老畜牲， 祝你死全家
【 在 zmimy02 (mimi) 的大作中提到: 】
: 埋了15万具尸体
: 请问，在哪儿呢？
老畜牲， 祝你死全家
【 在 F250 (帝城春欲暮，能饮一杯无) 的大作中提到: 】
: 除了 中岛部队集体屠杀二十六万三千八百三十三人
: 剩下的部队屠杀都是 几人，十几个，几百人？
那么战死疆场的人数呢
南京大屠杀发生一周内，国际上出现了首次报道[9]，对总死亡人数的第一次估计刊登
于1938年1月24日的《新中国日报》[10]。澳大利亚记者哈罗德·田伯烈在其著作《外
人目睹中之日军暴行》中声称有30万平民被杀害[10]。然而，田伯烈这一数字来源于法国人道主义者饶家驹神父，大屠杀发生时他在上海[1]，所以这也可能包括淞沪会战的
平民伤亡[11]。田伯烈在同年晚些时候出版的《日军在华暴行》（Japanese Terror In China）一书中给出了第二次估计，他援引“一名大学外籍教员”的说法指出“近4万
手无寸铁的人在南京城内或城墙附近死亡”[12]。这一信息的来源为定居南京的美国人迈纳·舍尔·贝德士，贝德士在计算中使用了红卍字会的埋葬记录[13]。
直到20世纪40年代末，这两个估计常常被记者和媒体引用。例如， 埃德加·斯诺在他
1941年出版的著作《为亚洲而战》（The Battle for China）中称在南京有4万2千人遭到屠杀，在南京与上海总共有30万人遭到屠杀，这显然是基于这些估计[14][15]。1944年电影《中国战役》指出有4万人在南京大屠杀中遇难[16]。
另一个早期的估计出自中华民国国营的中央通讯社，其在1938年2月报道日本曾在南京
屠杀了6-7万战俘[17]。同月中国国民政府代表声称，日军在南京大屠杀中杀害了两万
名平民[16]。不过时任中华民国总统蒋中正在1942年的一次演讲中将这一数字提升至“超过20万”[18]。1938年， 中国共产党红军公布总死亡人数为4万2千人[16]。南京安
全区国际委员会的德国负责人约翰·拉贝估计有5-6万中国人在南京遭到屠杀，不过这
一估计包括军事人员伤亡和平民屠杀[19]。
1945年中日战事结束后，这些估计又被远东国际军事法庭与南京军事法庭的审判结果所取代。后者公布的死亡人数超过30万，法庭也记录了包括43万在内的其他估计[20]。
远东国际军事法庭总结的大屠杀受害者为15.5万，不过在对松井石根将军的判决中这一数字被修改为“超过10万人”[16][21]。然而，这些审判中控方并未下多大功夫来验证他们对死亡人数估计的准确性，大量可疑且现已不足信的数据被两个法庭采纳[1][21][22]。
第二种来源是中国慈善机构的埋葬记录[19]。远东国际军事法庭（IMTFE）称，根据红
卍字会和崇善堂的统计，南京陷落后总共有155,300具尸体被埋在南京及周边地区[1]，不过很多历史学家现在降低了崇善堂埋葬记录的准确性。因此阿斯丘估计埋在南京及周边的尸体的真实数目为17,500[19]，而军事历史学家山本昌弘提出的数字为43,000[27]。相比之下，笠原主要支持IMTFE提出的更大的埋葬估算，但他也承认并非所有崇善堂
的数字都可信[28]。笠原与山本也都注意到埋葬记录可能会夸大或低估大屠杀的真实死亡人数。一方面，埋葬的统计数据加入了中国作战人员的伤亡，从而夸大了死亡人数。另一方面，慈善机构未能统计被销毁的尸体，从而低估了死亡人数。[27][29]
中华人民共和国的官方立场是，30万以上的中国人在南京遭到屠杀[58]。最初，这个数字被普遍承认为包括大屠杀遇难者和战死的中国士兵，20世纪80年代后才开始被解释为仅包括大屠杀遇难者[18]。
有历史学家不认同这一估计[1][24][59]。这一数字最初基于南京军事法庭的裁决，155,300具尸体的埋葬记录加上72,291具被毁的尸体总共有279,586人，但这一计算有着明
显的错误[1]。而且，这一估计还包括对日军在幕府山杀害57,418名中国战俘的指控，
但最新的研究表明被屠杀的战俘在4千到2万人之间[60][61]。它还包括据称被崇善堂掩埋的112,266具尸体，不过如今许多历史学家都同意崇善堂的记录如果不是完全捏造，
至少也是夸大了[1][62][63]。若林正根据这一点得出结论，超过20万的估计是不可信
的[1]。秦郁彦认为30万是一个“象征性的数字”，是中国战时苦难的代表，而不是一
个字面意义的数字[64]。
中国政府则一直对30万遇难者的估计保持强硬立场[19][65]。中国学者认同官方数字，对提出不同数字的历史学家进行质疑[66]。研究中国的约克大学历史学家傅佛国谴责一些中国人夸大暴行的死亡人数然后“压制有异议的人”的行为[67]。
2006年，塔斯马尼亚大学的历史学家卡兹·罗丝（Kaz Ross）匿名采访了南京的一些大学研究人员，了解他们对南京大屠杀死亡人数的私人意见[68]。她发现，中国历史学家的估计偏向4-15万之间。与中華人民共和国相比，中华民国发布的中国抗日战争的官方历史指出大屠杀的死亡人数“超过10万人”[69]。
南京城守军总共不到十万，大约八九万的样子。有一两万成建制突围成功，有三万左右或者战死或者被日军屠杀。还有四五万溃散了。
【 在 saturn515 (saturn515) 的大作中提到: 】
: 那么战死疆场的人数呢
你家几口人搞清楚了吗？一个还是三个？
饿死三千万的名单有吗？身份证ID有吗？
【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
: 第二种来源是中国慈善机构的埋葬记录[19]。远东国际军事法庭（IMTFE）称，根据红
: 卍字会和崇善堂的统计，南京陷落后总共有155,300具尸体被埋在南京及周边地区[1]，
: 不过很多历史学家现在降低了崇善堂埋葬记录的准确性。因此阿斯丘估计埋在南京及周
: 边的尸体的真实数目为17,500[19]，而军事历史学家山本昌弘提出的数字为43,000[
27]
: 。相比之下，笠原主要支持IMTFE提出的更大的埋葬估算，但他也承认并非所有崇善堂
: 的数字都可信[28]。笠原与山本也都注意到埋葬记录可能会夸大或低估大屠杀的真实死
: 亡人数。一方面，埋葬的统计数据加入了中国作战人员的伤亡，从而夸大了死亡人数。
: 另一方面，慈善机构未能统计被销毁的尸体，从而低估了死亡人数。[27][29]
时间空间和对象的不同，可以导致被屠杀数字发生很大变化。如果仅限于南京城里被屠杀的平民，那么大约只有几万。如果包括日军从上海打到南京一路上杀害的平民和战死或者被屠杀的中国军人，那么大约有几十万。
我以前就知道的我岳母那边人的最基本相关情况（都是透过我老婆知道，我不便问。。。）：
我岳母是在江北一户人家的猪圈里出生的
时间是： 1938年春天
家在秦淮区（南京历史上长期是最发达的地块，但现在不是）
那边有雨花台（在古城墙外），里
祖辈老宅子离（在中华门不远处的）老城墙不是很远，所在街叫做边营（至少过去那么叫）。我08年去看过保留修缮后的城墙，特别高。
老宅子后来被隔成了至少好几家，都是亲戚
我第一次（2000年左右？）去见我老婆外婆（我老婆最亲的人）时去过那里，院子比较深，前边有几家亲戚，外婆和2个舅舅住在后面
听我老婆讲：那边的老人手艺比较好，是有家族传统的，日占以前的家境应该不差
家族可能是以手艺为生的小商门户
我岳母的爷爷当时是50岁左右，是家里经济上的顶梁柱，留下在家里看守家而没有离开日本人闯进家里搜索，把他当街杀了
日本人肯定杀了很多像我岳母的爷爷那样难以离开的人（民国政府公函里所说的“一部事实上决不能离京者“的一大部分）
南屠极其严重地破坏了当地的家庭、社会和经济组成或结构，甚至命运，我岳母家后来生活就很差了。。。严重影响可能一直持续到我岳母（20岁时）成了大学老师
因此，我岳母的2个弟弟（上山下乡过）和1个妹妹比她小了很多
后来上的是南京著名的女子中学（在新中国还一直存在！），成绩特别优异，后来上了大学。。。是很优异的人
她很小就帮助家里，她的父亲（应该也承担了过多而因病）去世早，后来弟弟妹妹们都需要她的帮助和经济支持
外婆的谋生能力有限，我岳母上中学时在卖冰棒
可能我岳母要承担得太多，要照顾她妈和弟妹们，她比较晚才生了第二个小孩（我老婆）
今天我老婆说我可以问岳母得到那段时间更多的情况
但那可能会是南京老人们心里的疤，因此绝对不好问
除了我老婆，我从来没跟我老婆那边的人讨论南京大屠杀
（我只知道我有个在沈阳死掉了哥哥或姐姐。我甚至不知道多大死掉的。我妈妈后来在家里发现了一张她/他的照片，被她拿去烧了。）
很多人是往江北逃，正如我岳母家里人一样。我不知道后来是怎么过江的。那时候的轮渡能力很有限。有名的下关火车轮渡点规模和能力也不大，来往有时需要2小时。我在
08年去过那里，已经很不起眼了。如果我不是特意去，而且有人带我去，我可能都想不到那里曾经是个特别有用的轮渡点。它在18年才成为特别保护点。
在第二个帖子里提到的
民国政府公函
里所说的“一部事实上决不能离京者“应该包含了2大类：在家里看守的人，和必须留
下的政府或社区管理人员，包括部分警察等等）
这2大类极可能几乎都是中青年男人
都特别容易成了被日本人杀害的对象
南京死亡人数很难被完全统计
容易漏掉的是：被熟人（包括家人或亲戚）而不是多种组织性单位收尸的，被杀死在江边或江上的。。。
李佳佳个畜生，那个历史学家表明数字有问题。狗鸡巴玩意装李将军，混蛋台巴子就是该给核平的货。
【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
: 中华人民共和国的官方立场是，30万以上的中国人在南京遭到屠杀[58]。最初，这个数
: 字被普遍承认为包括大屠杀遇难者和战死的中国士兵，20世纪80年代后才开始被解释为
: 仅包括大屠杀遇难者[18]。
: 有历史学家不认同这一估计[1][24][59]。这一数字最初基于南京军事法庭的裁决，
155
: ,300具尸体的埋葬记录加上72,291具被毁的尸体总共有279,586人，但这一计算有着明
: 显的错误[1]。而且，这一估计还包括对日军在幕府山杀害57,418名中国战俘的指控，
: 但最新的研究表明被屠杀的战俘在4千到2万人之间[60][61]。它还包括据称被崇善堂掩
: 埋的112,266具尸体，不过如今许多历史学家都同意崇善堂的记录如果不是完全捏造，
: 至少也是夸大了[1][62][63]。若林正根据这一点得出结论，超过20万的估计是不可信
: 的[1]。秦郁彦认为30万是一个“象征性的数字”，是中国战时苦难的代表，而不是一
: ...................
东京军事法庭文件
南京部分在第535页
https://books.google.com/books?id=rHainkH7pdEC&pg=PA537&lpg=PA537&dq=
Estimates+made+at+a+later+date+indicate+that+the+total+number+of+civilians+
and+prisoners+of+war+murdered+in+Nanking+and+its+vicinity+during+the+first+
six+weeks+of+the+Japanese+occupation+was+over+200,000.+That+these+estimates+are+not+exaggerated+is+borne+out+by+the+fact+that+burial+societies+and+other+organizations+counted+more+than+155,000+bodies+which+they+buried.+They+also+reported+that+most+of+those+were+bound+with+their+hands+tied+behind+their+
backs.+These+figures+do+not+take+into+account+those+persons+whose+bodies+
were+destroyed+by+burning,+or+by+throwing+them+into+the+Yangtze+River,+or+
otherwise+disposed+of+by+Japanese&source=bl&ots=KwDvTlJ6dH&sig=
ACfU3U05eYM22TXUl6vHu6JBP78puusZKQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_
xZOU6uv0AhXzN30KHWe3DGcQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Estimates%20made%20at%20a%
20later%20date%20indicate%20that%20the%20total%20number%20of%20civilians%
20and%20prisoners%20of%20war%20murdered%20in%20Nanking%20and%20its%
20vicinity%20during%20the%20first%20six%20weeks%20of%20the%20Japanese%
20occupation%20was%20over%20200%2C000.%20That%20these%20estimates%20are%
20not%20exaggerated%20is%20borne%20out%20by%20the%20fact%20that%20burial%
20societies%20and%20other%20organizations%20counted%20more%20than%20155%
2C000%20bodies%20which%20they%20buried.%20They%20also%20reported%20that%
20most%20of%20those%20were%20bound%20with%20their%20hands%20tied%20behind%
20their%20backs.%20These%20figures%20do%20not%20take%20into%20account%
20those%20persons%20whose%20bodies%20were%20destroyed%20by%20burning%2C%20or%20by%20throwing%20them%20into%20the%20Yangtze%20River%2C%20or%20otherwise%
20disposed%20of%20by%20Japanese&f=false
The Rape of Nanking
。。。。。。
南京军事法庭说明得很清楚，30万是找得到尸骨的。是被证实的下限。
很多被杀后抛入长江的，或者在江面射杀的，数目不易统计
准确数字，40万，50万没人知道。
所以，一般只提30万已经被证实的这个下限
【 在 keystone0504 (飞翔之父) 的大作中提到: 】
: stop mentioning 300000 then
: 了。
【 在 NYCGOPDEM (NYCGOPDEM) 的大作中提到: 】
: 现在没有意义再去说精确数字。事实是有很多很多中国人死于日本人屠杀，这些就够了。
饿死三千万，精确吗？
【 在 NYCGOPDEM (NYCGOPDEM) 的大作中提到: 】
: 现在没有意义再去说精确数字。事实是有很多很多中国人死于日本人屠杀，这些就够了。
那个李鸡巴萎就是人渣
【 在 sundevil515 (洗睡) 的大作中提到: 】
: 李佳佳个畜生，那个历史学家表明数字有问题。狗鸡巴玩意装李将军，混蛋台巴子就是
: 该给核平的货。
: 155
没有30万具尸体
【 在 I23 (嘿嘿) 的大作中提到: 】
: 南京军事法庭说明得很清楚，30万是找得到尸骨的。是被证实的下限。
: 很多被杀后抛入长江的，或者在江面射杀的，数目不易统计
: 准确数字，40万，50万没人知道。
: 所以，一般只提30万已经被证实的这个下限
: 了。
奥斯维辛集中营里找到多少具尸体？
【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
: 没有30万具尸体
东京军事法庭的文件里的关键描述：
“Nanking and its vicinity”
“over 200，000“
”more than 155，000“
“upwards of 100，000”（城内，在对那个攻下南京的指挥官时候用）
那3个数都是下限值
南京人口本来是119万
日本攻击前有50万
很多人肯定就逃亡在周边
因此大量的南京人在野营（“fared little better than those within”---东京军事法庭）
把南京城和周边的情况一起考虑是相当合理的
【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
: 南京城守军总共不到十万，大约八九万的样子。有一两万成建制突围成功，有三万左右
: 或者战死或者被日军屠杀。还有四五万溃散了。
往哪溃散了
当时不让过江，周边都是日本人，看到青壮年就抓起来
这4万人往哪溃散？
南京城里，比如秦汉老爸就脱下军装在妓院躲了一阵子，后来成功突围。
【在 xlzero(megatron)的大作中提到：】
：
：【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
你又打滚了
【在 YourDad(YourDad)的大作中提到：】
：你家几口人搞清楚了吗？一个还是三个？
：
【 在 ridgwaymj (ridgwaymj) 的大作中提到: 】
: 南京城里，比如秦汉老爸就脱下军装在妓院躲了一阵子，后来成功突围。
: ：
: ：【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
狗屁，南京城里连普通百姓都被日本人驱赶，青壮看到就抓出去
几万人躲进南京城里，都能不吃不喝，然后突围？你以为4-5万人不占地方，不吃不喝
？
妓院里能躲多少人？
【 在 ridgwaymj (ridgwaymj) 的大作中提到: 】
: 南京城里，比如秦汉老爸就脱下军装在妓院躲了一阵子，后来成功突围。
: ：
: ：【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
每个犹太人都有档案可查
【在 simadong(simadong)的大作中提到：】
：奥斯维辛集中营里找到多少具尸体？
：
很多军人躲到国际安全区
【在 simadong(simadong)的大作中提到：】
：妓院里能躲多少人？
：
你不知道有西方国家组织的国际安全区，相当于上海的租界，在里面基本就安全了。
【在 xlzero(megatron)的大作中提到：】
：
：【 在 ridgwaymj (ridgwaymj) 的大作中提到: 】
国际安全区至少庇护了20万中国平民，躲几万军人不成问题。
【 在 xlzero (megatron) 的大作中提到: 】
: 狗屁，南京城里连普通百姓都被日本人驱赶，青壮看到就抓出去
: 几万人躲进南京城里，都能不吃不喝，然后突围？你以为4-5万人不占地方，不吃不喝
: ？
【 在 ridgwaymj (ridgwaymj) 的大作中提到: 】
: 每个犹太人都有档案可查
: ：奥斯维辛集中营里找到多少具尸体？
: ：
犹太人死了多少？
档案拿出来
轮毙酱就知道乱喷乱放屁
犹太自己有户籍档案，纳粹集中营也有详细档案。
【 在 fallingrain2 (密码攻击账号的永不超生) 的大作中提到: 】
: 犹太人死了多少？
: 档案拿出来
: 轮毙酱就知道乱喷乱放屁
【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
: 犹太自己有户籍档案，纳粹集中营也有详细档案。
你咋不说外星人有档案呢
拿不出来就是你胡诌
连死了多少人都答不出来
鞑子 螨姨 日杂 台巴 轮b酱果真不是一家人不进一家门。
没有尸体怎么知道生死？
【 在 ridgwaymj (ridgwaymj) 的大作中提到: 】
: 每个犹太人都有档案可查
: ：奥斯维辛集中营里找到多少具尸体？
: ：
“国际安全区至少庇护了20万中国平民”，出处？
【 在 ridgway (ridgway) 的大作中提到: 】
: 国际安全区至少庇护了20万中国平民，躲几万军人不成问题。
德国人有档案
【 在 simadong (simadong) 的大作中提到: 】
: 没有尸体怎么知道生死？
【 在 simadong (simadong) 的大作中提到: 】
: “国际安全区至少庇护了20万中国平民”，出处？
12月13日，南京沦陷。随后，日军开始了长达6星期、疯狂的南京大屠杀，超过20万人
被杀害。日军也不时强行闯入安全区，劫掠财物、奸淫妇女、抓捕杀害青壮年男子。拉贝在每天的日记中，记下了日本的一桩桩暴行！安全区国际委员会，多次向日本强烈抗议。拉贝甚至在院子里，平铺着一面巨大的德国纳粹旗帜，作为震慑，日军才有所收敛。在南京大屠杀期间，安全区共庇护了约25万中国难民！
【 在 simadong (simadong) 的大作中提到: 】
: “国际安全区至少庇护了20万中国平民”，出处？
拉贝早年曾在非洲生活数年，1908年来到中國，1911年至1938年间受雇于西门子集團的中国子公司——西门子中国公司，开始在中国沈阳、北京、天津、上海、南京等地经商，在中国时间前后长达30年。1931年至1938年前后，拉贝任西门子公司驻华总代表，曾代理德国纳粹党南京分部副部长。日軍進攻南京时纳粹德国是日本的盟国（德日反共協定），拉贝以其特殊的身份目击了日军在中国南京制造的南京大屠杀，并将其记录为著名的《拉贝日记》。并和十几位外国传教士、金陵大学与金陵女子文理学院教授、医生、商人等共同建立了3.88平方公里的“南京安全区”，并担任安全区国际委员会主席(
拉贝被选为主席，因为他人民希望他作为一个德国人和納粹党员，而德國是日本的盟友，可以对日本军队施加影响。但收效甚微。)；安全区为大约25万中国难民提供了暂时
栖身避难的场所。在拉贝自家的花园中亦庇护了600名左右的难民。1938年2月拉贝被西门子公司召回，4月抵达德国后立即四处公开演讲作展览放映马吉拍摄的纪录片揭露日
军暴行，并写信给元首希特勒，提交关于南京大屠杀的报告，希望納粹德国政府出面对日本施加压力。但此报告当时没有公开（一般认为，由于德日为盟国，為了維持盟關係，故德国当局禁止他发表在南京的所见所闻）。之后，他甚至因此一度被盖世太保逮捕。他的关于南京大屠杀的照片和马吉拍摄的影像资料与此期间也被没收。
这事就怪老中几千年的玄学传统。什么事都没个具体的数，都是大概多少多少。什么曹操5百万大军，什么关公举起5千斤大刀，还有最近你包叔的2百里，都是虚数，说白了
就是做事不求详尽。小犹说“纳粹杀了我600万，这是花名册，的确弄出600万个人名，到底死多少，谁能证明？”。尼玛你鳖说“杀了我30万。”法庭问：证明呢？。你鳖又玩玄学了，某某外国人说了“有30万。”，某某人看到了“有30万”。都是玄学论证。
松井石根 Iwane Matsui
武藤章 Akira Mutō
在东京军事法庭上被判决死刑
前者的一个主要罪责是：在攻入城内一星期里没有制止他完全知道的正在发生的残忍暴行，造成了最后城内共有10万人以上的死亡和对城市的破坏
后者在南京是参谋，在马尼拉是总指挥官，对马尼拉大屠杀（10万以上人死亡）负责
另外一个被日军大屠杀的是新加坡城
数万人死亡
东京国际军事法庭判定的内容在
https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/IMTFE/
The Rape of Nanking
As the Central China Expeditionary Force under command of MATSUI approached the city of Nanking in early December 1937,, over one-half of its one
million inhabitants and all but a few neutrals who remained behind to
organize an International Safety Zone, fled from the city. the Chinese Army retreated, leaving approximately 50,000 troops behind to defend the city. As the Japanese forces stormed the South Gate on the night of 12 December 1937, most of the remaining 50,000 troops escaped through the North and West
Gates of the city. Nearly all the Chinese soldiers had evacuated the city or had abandoned their arms and uniforms and sought refuge in the
International Safety Zone, and all resistance had ceased as the Japanese
Army entered the city on the morning of 13 December 1937. The Japanese
soldiers swarmed over the city and committed various atrocities. According
to one of the eyewitnesses, they were let loose like a barbarian horde to
desecrate the city. It was said by eyewitnesses that the city appeared to
have fallen into the hands of the Japanese as captured prey, that it had not merely been taken in organized warfare, and that the members of the
victorious Japanese Army had set
--1011--
upon the prize to committee unlimited violence. Individual soldiers and
small groups of two of three roamed over the city murdering, raping, looting, and burning. there was no discipline whatever. Many soldiers were drunk.
Solders went through the streets indiscriminately killing Chinese men, women and children without apparent provocation or excuse until in places the
streets and alleys were littered with the bodies of their victims. According to another witness, Chinese were hunted like rabbits, everyone seen to move was shot. At least 12,000 non-combatant Chinese men, women and children met their deaths in these indiscriminate killings during the first tow or three days of the Japanese occupation of the city.
There were many cases of rape. Death was a frequently penalty for the
slightest resistance on the part of a civtion [sic] or the members of her
family who sought to protect her. Even girls of tender years and old women
were raped in large numbers throughout the city, and many cases of abnormal and sadistic behaviour in connection with these rapings occurred. Many women were killed after the act and their bodies mutilated. Approximately 20,000 cases of rape occurred within the city during the first month of the
occupation.
Japanese soldiers took from the people everything they desired. Soldiers
were observed to stop unarmed civilians on the road, search them, and
finding nothing of value then to shoot them. Very many residential and
commercial properties were entered and looted. Looted stocks were carried
away in trucks. After looting shops and warehouses, the Japanese soldiers
frequently set fire to them. Taiping Road, the most important
--1012--
shopping street, and block after block of the commercial section of the city were destroyed by fire. Soldiers burned the homes of civilians for no
apparent reason. Such burning appeared to follow a prescribed pattern after a few days and continued for six weeks. Approximately one-third of the city was thus destroyed.
Organized and wholesale murder of male civilians was conducted with the
apparent sanction of the commanders on the pretense that Chinese soldiers
had removed their uniforms and were mingling with the population. Groups of Chinese civilians were formed, bound with their hands behind their backs,
and marched outside the walls of the city where they were killed in groups
by machine gun fire and with bayonets. More than 20,000 Chinese men of
military age are known to have died in this fashion.
The German Government was informed by its representative about "atrocities
and criminal acts not of an individual but of an entire Army, namely, the
Japanese," which Army, later in the Report, was qualified as a "bestial
machinery."
Those outside the city fared little better than those within. Practically
the same situation existed in all the communities within 200 li (about 66
miles) of Nanking. The population had fled into the country-side in an
attempt to escape from the Japanese soldiers. In places they had grouped
themselves into fugitive camps. The Japanese captured many of these camps
and visited upon the fugitives treatment similar to that accorded th
inhabitants of Nanking. Of the civilians who had fled Nanking, over 57,000
were overtaken and interned. These were starved and tortured in captivity
until a large
--1013--
number died. Many of the survivors were killed by machine gun fire and by
bayoneting.
Large parties of Chinese soldiers laid down their arms and surrendered
outside Nanking; within 72 hours after their surrender, they were killed in groups by machine gun fire along the bank of the Yangtze River.
--1014--
Over 30,000 such prisoners of war were so killed. There was not even a
pretence of trial of these prisoners so massacred.
Estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number of civilians
and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking and its vicinity during the first
six weeks of the Japanese occupation was over 200,000. That these estimates are not exaggerated is borne out by the fact that burial societies and other organizations counted more than 155,000 bodies which they buried. They also reported that most of those were bound with their hands tied behind their
backs. These figures do not take into account those persons whose bodies
were destroyed by burning, or by throwing them into the Yangtze River, or
otherwise disposed of by Japanese.
Japanese Embassy officials entered the city of Nanking with the advance
elements of the Army; and on 14 December, an official of the Embassy
informed the International Committee for the Nanking Safety ¸one that
the "Army was determined to make it bad for Nanking, but that Embassy
officials were going to try to moderate the action." The Embassy officials
also informed the members of the Committee that at the time of the
occupation of the city, no more than 17 military policemen were provided by the Army commanders to maintain order within the city. When it transpired
that complaints to the Army officials did not have any result, those
Japanese embassy officials suggested to the foreign missionaries that the
latter should try and get publicity in Japan, so that the Japanese
Government would be forced by public opinion to curb the Army.
--1015--
Dr. Bates testified that the terror was intense for two and one-half to
three weeks, and was serious six to seven weeks following the fall of the
city.
Smythe, the Secretary of the Int. Committee for the Safety Zone, filed two
protests a day for the first six weeks.
MATSUI, who had remained in a rear area until 17 December, made a triumphal entry into the city on that day, and on 18 December held a religious service for the dead, after which he issued a statement in the course of which he
said: "I extend much sympathy to millions of innocent people in the Kiangpei and Chekiang districts, who suffered the evils
--1016--
of war. Now the flag of the rising sun is floating high over Nanking, and
the Imperial Way is shining in the southern parts of the Yangtze-Kiang. The dawn of the renaissance of the East is on the verge of offering itself. On
this occasion, I hope for reconsideration of the situation by the 400
million people of China." MATSUI remained in the city for nearly a week.
MUTO, then a colonel, had joined MATSUI's staff on 10 November 1937, and was with MATSUI during the drive on Nanking and participated in the triumphal
entry and occupation of the city. Both he and MATSUI admit that they heard
of the atrocities being committed in the city during their stay at rear
headquarters after the fall of the city. MATSUI admits that he heard that
foreign governments were protesting against the commission of these
atrocities. No effective action was taken to remedy the situation. Evidence was given before the Tribunal by an eye witness, that while MATSUI was in
Nanking on the 19th of December, the business section of the city was in
flames. On that day, the witness counted fourteen fires in the principal
business street zone. After the entry of MATSUI and MUTO into the city, the situation did not improve for weeks.
Members of the Diplomatic Corps and Press and the Japanese Embassy in
Nanking sent out reports detailing the atrocities being committed in and
around Nanking. The Japanese Minister-at-Large to China, Ito, Nobofumi, was in Shanghai from September 1937 to February 1938. He received reports from
the Japanese Embassy in Nanking and from members of the Diplomatic Corps and Press regarding the conduct of the Japanese troops and
--1017--
sent a resumé of the reports to the Japanese Foreign Minister, HIROTA.
These reports, as well as many others giving information of the atrocities
committed at Nanking, which were forwarded by members of the Japanese
diplomatic officials in China, were forwarded by HIROTA to the War Ministry of which UMEZU was Vice-Minister. They were discussed at Liaison Conferences, which were normally attended by the Prime Minister, War and Navy Ministers, Foreign Minister HIROTA, Finance Minister KAYA, and the Chiefs of the Army and Navy General Staffs.
News reports of the atrocities were widespread. MInAMI, who was serving as
Governor-General of Korea at the time, admits that he read these reports in the Press. Following these unfavorable reports and the pressure of public
opinion aroused in nations all over the world, the Japanese GOvernment
recalled MATSUI and approximately 80 of his officers, but took no action to punish any of them. MATSUI, after his return to Japan on 5 March 1938, was
appointed a Cabinet Councillor and 0n 29 April 19490, was decorated by the
Japanese Government for "meritorious services" in the China War. MATSUI, in explaining his recall, says that he was not replaced by HATA because of the atrocities committed by his troops at Nanking, but because he considered his work ended at Nanking and wished to retire from the Army. He was never
punished.
The barbarous behaviour of the Japanese Army cannot be excused as the acts
of a soldiery which had temporarily gotten out of hand when at last a
stubbornly defended position had capitulated -- rape, arson and murder
continued to be committed on a large scale for at least six weeks after the city had been taken and for at least
--1018--
four weeks after MATSUI and MUTO had entered the city.
The new Japanese garrison Commander at Nanking, General Amaya, on 5 February 1938, at the Japanese Embassy in Nanking, made a statement to the Foreign
diplomatic corps criticizing the attitude of the foreigners who had been
sending abroad reports of Japanese atrocities at Nanking and upbraiding them for encouraging anti-Japanese feeling. This statement by Amaya reflected
the attitude of the Japanese Military toward foreigners in China, who were
hostile to the Japanese policy of waging an unrestrained punitive war
against the people of China.
ridg....在前边引用的维基
内容里
否认东京军事法庭数字的
最关键的部分
可以说完全是出自日本人（5个日本人和1个在日本生活的Askew）
日本
在1970年前学界几乎完全不把南屠当成什么课题研究
之后更是有不少人否认它的存在，说那是捏造
1990年前的对中朝战争描述是采用‘进入”中国之类的字眼
首相用“侵略”大概是在1990或之后，尽管之前（尤其是在之前的20载里）有些参与者表达了自己的罪恶感。。。
应该不难查证日本官方和正规媒体之前的说法和态度
1990年代中期，我在学校有个很好的日本朋友（我们常常在一起吃饭，中饭和晚饭，长达一
年）谈及过侵华战争，他也证实了日本那方面的大致情况。可以说他是信佛的。。。
1990年代中，南屠是网上一大讨论话题，那时有很多中国细节（众多收尸队/组织的数
据等）
可惜现在难以找到了
中日1979年建交后，日本教科书问题不久也就成了中日官方之间的争论话题
当然韩国和朝鲜同时也与日本。。。
正是由于中韩朝，日本的情况才发生了变化，最早很弱的承认有十万以上或数十万死亡的一方被越来越多的肯定
。。。
共疤，俄雜更令人討厭
【 在 caut(aaasalt) 的大作中提到: 】
: 鞑子 螨姨 日杂 台巴 轮b酱果真不是一家人不进一家门。
对松井石根的个人判决
基本上是关于南京城内发生的大屠杀
https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/IMTFE/IMTFE-10.html
MATSUI, Iwane
The accused MATSUI is charged under Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 54 and 55.
MATSUI was a senior Officer in the Japanese Army and attained the rank of
General in 1933. He had a wide experience in the Army, including service in the Kwantung Army and in the General Staff. Although his close association
with those who conceived and carried out the conspiracy suggests that he
must have been aware of the purposes and policies of the conspirators, the
evidence before the Tribunal does not justify a finding that he was a
conspirator.
His military service in China in 1937 and 1938 cannot be regarded, of itself, as the waging of an aggressive war. To justify a conviction under Count 27, it was the duty of the prosecution to tender evidence which would justify an inference that he had knowledge of the criminal character of that war.
This has not been done.
In 1935, MATSUI was placed on the retired list, but in 1937, he was recalled to active duty to command the Shanghai expeditionary force. He was then
appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Central China Area Army, which included the Shanghai Expeditionary Force and the Tenth Army. With these troops, he
captured the city of Nanking on 13th December 1937.
Before the fall of Nanking, the Chinese forces withdrew and the occupation
was of a defenseless city. Then followed a long succession of most horrible atrocities committed by the Japanese Army upon the helpless citizens.
Wholesale massacres, individual murders,
--1180--
rape, looting and arson were committed yb Japanese soldiers. Although the
extent of the atrocities was denied by Japanese witnesses, the contrary
evidence of neutral witnesses of different nationalities and undoubted
responsibility is overwhelming. This orgy of crime started with the capture of the City on the 13th December 1937 and did not cease until early in
February 1938. In this period of six or seven weeks, thousands of women were raped, upwards of 100,000 people were killed, and untold property was
stolen and burned. At the height of these dreadful happenings, on 17th
December, MATSUI made a triumphal entry into the City and remained there
from five to seven days. From his own observations and form the reports of
his staff, he must have been aware of what was happening. He admits he was
told of some degree of misbehaviour of his Army by the Kempetai and by
Consular Officials. Daily reports of these atrocities were made to Japanese diplomatic representatives in Nanking, who in turn reported them to Tokyo.
The Tribunal is satisfied that MATSUI knew what was happening. He did
nothing, or nothing effective, to abate these horrors. He did issue orders
before the capture of the City enjoining propriety of conduct upon his
troops, and later he issued further orders to the same purport. THese orders were of no effect, as is no known, and as he must have known. It was
pleaded in his behalf that at this time he was ill. His illness was not
sufficient to prevent his conducting the military operations of his command nor to prevent his visiting the City for days while these atrocities were
occurring. He was in command of the Army responsible for these happenings.
He knew of them. He had the power as he had the duty to control
--1181--
his troops and to protect the unfortunate citizens of Nanking. He must be
held criminally responsible for his failure to discharge this duty.
The Tribunal holds the accused MATSUI guilty under Count 55 and not guilty
under Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36 and 54.
Count 55.
The Defendants DOHIHARA, HATA, HOSHINO, ITAGAKI, KAYA, KIDO, KIMURA, KOISO, MUTO, NAGANO, OKA, OSHIMA, SATO, SHIGEMITSU, SHIMADA, SUZUKI, TOGO, TOJO and UMEZU, between the 7th December, 1941 and the 2nd September, 1945, being by virtue of their respective offices responsible for securing the observance of the said Conventions and assurances and the Laws and Customs of War in
respect of the armed forces in the countries hereinafter named and in
respect of many thousands of prisoners of war and civilians then in the
power of Japan belonging to the United States of America, the British
Commonwealth of Nations, the Republic of France, the Kingdom of the
Netherlands,
--59--
the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Republic of China, the Republic of Portugal and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, deliberately and
recklessly disregarded their legal duty to take adequate steps to secure the observance and prevent breaches thereof, and thereby violated the laws of
war.
In the case of the Republic of China,
the said offence
began on the 18th September, 1931,
and the following Defendants were responsible for the same in addition to
those named above: ARAKI, HASHIMOTO, HIRANUMA, HIROTA,
MATSUI,
MATSUOKA, MINAMI.
这里收尸或埋尸。。。情况
http://58.213.139.243:8088/imgpath/zz2/200504/HTM/05.HTM
此文讨论了数据收集和统计的发展和改进
https://img.krzzjn.com/2020/0616/20200616070357578.pdf
上述文章里令人震惊的部分（日军占领近半年后）：
在一份伪督办南京市政公
署卫生处筹办掩埋尸体计划书 ( 1938 年 5 月) 中写道: # 查本市
城厢附郭一带仍有暴露之尸体约五万余具, 虽有红字会担任掩
埋工作, 但亦限于经费, 未能悉埋。∃
∀ 同年 10 月 2 日该卫生处在
5 % 9 月份事业报告书 中说: # 事变之后, 城厢内外, 尸骸遍地。
经红 字会暨前自治委员会救济课竭力掩埋, 然偏僻荒地, 以及防
空壕等处仍不免遗留多具。∃
&
1
http://www.cngongji.cn/2014-12/02/c_1113485309.htm
孙宅巍与南京大屠杀埋尸记录研究
2014年12月02日 11:13:21 来源： 新华网
分享到：
新华网南京１２月１日电（记者蒋芳）人数问题，一直以来就是中日两国关于南京大屠杀历史研究不可回避的分歧点和争论点。１９８３年开始研究南京大屠杀问题的学者孙宅巍，将毕生精力放在了“人数”这一关键问题上。
１９８３年从党政机关“归队”到江苏省社科院历史研究所的孙宅巍，最初并没有以南京大屠杀为研究方向，但１９８２年在日本右翼篡改教科书的刺激下，江苏省和南京市有关部门着手为南京大屠杀死难者“建馆、立碑、修史”，刚到研究所不久，还没有其他研究课题的孙宅巍就被安排去参与了这一重要工作。
“南京大屠杀死难者３０万人虽然早有法庭判决，但日本右翼不断质疑。作为历史学家，我觉得对这一数字进行实证研究，是势在必行的重要的工作。”他说，想要得出这一数字，无外乎两个方法，一是将各地被日军杀害的人数相加，二是数尸体。但第一种方法已难以实现，因为没有哪个人能够亲眼目睹到底被杀害了多少人，日军自己即使掌握这一数字也绝对不会公布。
那就只有数尸体了。这一数，就是３０多年。
“研究埋尸记录３０多年，就好像我用这么长时间在挖一口井，或许也有人中途来挖一铲子、刨几下，但一定没有我挖得深。”孙宅巍说，一开始，他通过对三种渠道的研究发掘相关信息：一是社会慈善团体和私人，因不忍目睹惨状，基于社会公德将遇难同胞尸体掩埋；二是伪区政府为整理市容，防止瘟疫，对尸体进行了掩埋；三是侵华日军为掩盖血腥暴行，逃避世界舆论的谴责，实行毁尸灭迹。“当年的埋尸队都留下了记录，尤其是慈善团体，他们是埋尸的主力。”孙宅巍说。
上世纪八九十年代，经学术界整理的埋尸记录为：慈善团体（４个）共掩埋１８．５万具，市民掩埋队（３个）共掩埋３．５万具，伪区政府（２个）共掩埋６０００余具，共计２２．６万具。
而随着相关专家，特别是孙宅巍对档案资料的深入挖掘，又有一批极具价值的埋尸资料被发现，从而使已知的参与埋尸的慈善团体增加到８家、市民掩埋队增加到４支、伪区政府增至４个。资料汇总显示，各慈善团体收尸１９．８万具、市民掩埋队收尸４．２万具、伪区政府收尸６０００具（扣除交叉统计部分），总数已达２４．６万具。
“这仍然是不完全统计。”孙宅巍表示，考虑到有相当数量的尸体，由于种种原因，如被亲属个别掩埋，于藏尸洞内未被发现，或虽被有组织掩埋但档案资料散失，未被统计到任何一种处理尸体的数字之中等情况。据此综合考查，应当说，远东国际军事法庭判决日军仅于占领南京后最初的六个星期，不算大量抛江焚毁的尸体，即屠杀了平民和俘虏“２０万人以上”；国防部审判战犯军事法庭判决“被害总数达３０万人以上”，均是有充分根据的。
２００５年，孙宅巍出版《澄清历史——南京大屠杀研究与思考》。该书有关埋尸的部分，汇集了他对遇难人数的最新实证。但就在此书出版后不久，他又发现一份《督办南京市政公署卫生处筹办掩埋尸体计划书》（１９３８年５月），该计划书称：“查本市城厢附郭一带仍有暴露之尸体约五万余具，虽有相关组织担任掩埋工作，但亦限于经费，未能悉埋。”这说明至１９３８年５月，南京城厢附郭一带还有５万具尸体等待掩埋。而以往的埋尸统计，大体均是截至１９３８年５月。不过，在这份计划书制定后，这５万具尸体究竟是如何收埋的，便再无下文。
孙宅巍认为，如果这份计划书的内容，能够得到其他档案资料的支持，予以确认，那么这将直接影响到我们对南京大屠杀遇难人数及其规模的估计。
虽然执著于计算“数字”，但孙宅巍心中更为遇难者名单的缺乏耿耿于怀。
“遇难者名单的缺乏一直以来与人数认定的争议相伴的。对死难者名单的补课，是中西方一切受害国家面临的共同课题，也是这些囯家史学工作者共同的追求。”孙宅巍认为，在这方面，我们还有大量的工作要做，还有很长的路要走。我始终认为“人数问题”从学术层面上是可以讨论的，不是说要去跟日本右翼打什么口水仗，而是要立足自己，尽可能地接近历史真实。
这种求真态度值得尊敬，埋尸队的数字记录有没有原始资料支持
蔡总统给tucker点了一万个赞
一群搅屎棍们质疑了南屠之后过来大力点赞
搅屎棍果然又在给屎壳郎点赞
【 在 skl (屎壳郎) 的大作中提到: 】
: 这种求真态度值得尊敬，埋尸队的数字记录有没有原始资料支持
一个埋葬处的受害者们的情况
有相当高比例的儿童、老人或成年妇女
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%91/3671610
在这208具遗骨中，可鉴定年龄的120具遗骨中，从3岁到60岁都有。其中儿童遗骨32具
，老年人遗骨12具；在可鉴别性别的82具遗骨中，女性成人遗骨为16具，占20%。
一个受害者命运的彻底改变
http://ww2.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/PaperCollection/Details.aspx?id=7717
对于亲历过日本军国主义涂炭的普通民众而言，日本军国主义并不是一种抽象的概念，而是亲人被杀、家园被烧毁、妻离子散、颠沛流离的切肤之痛。幸存者姜根福原姓徐，大屠杀期间，他的母亲被日本兵枪杀，弟弟被摔死，二姐被刀劈，父亲被抓走，他后来被姜姓人家收养。
如果中日建交开始那几年日本没有教科书问题（把侵略描写成“进入”），中日关系会好很多
此次是由于日本100个议员去参拜靖国神社而引发了新一波。。。
在1985年前，中国（包括民国时期）对南京大屠杀有一定影响力的描写或提到的基本情况
（最大报纸和各级学校历史书等等）
http://ww2.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/PaperCollection/Details.aspx?id=7717
https://epaper.gmw.cn/zhdsb/html/2015-09/02/nw.D110000zhdsb_20150902_1-14.
htm
39万，为啥土鳖只说30万不说40万？
【在 wewill2009(daluobe)的大作中提到：】
：
：
日军在南京和周边的人数：
20万以上
在攻击南京前不久，日本《每日新闻》（现名）报道百人斩“比赛”
”比赛“的最后一天是12月10日
南京沦陷日：12月13日
2个比赛者在战后从日本被押回南京。。。在中华门外的雨花台被处死
日本最老报纸的报道：
——『东京日日新闻』报道记事
1937年11月30日的日报（第1报）
百人斩竞争！两少尉，很快已经达到80人
[廿九日浅海、光本、安田特派员发于常州] 用了六日时间踏破常熟、无锡间四十公里
的○○部队在同一距离的无锡、常州之间也只用了三日时间就快速突破了。真正的神速，快攻。在最前线的片桐部队裏有两名青年将校发起「百人斩竞争」。在从无锡出发后很快就一人斩了五十六人，另一人斩了二十五人。一人是富山部队向井敏明少尉（二十六岁）＝山口县玖珂郡神代村籍贯。另一人是同部队的野田毅少尉（二十五岁）＝鹿儿岛县肝属郡田代村籍贯。在剑道三段向井少尉腰间的是一把名为「関の孫六」的名刀，野田少尉的刀虽无名但却是一把祖上传下的宝刀。
在向无锡进发后向井少尉随着二十六、七公里的铁道线做大移动，野田少尉沿着铁道线前进。两个人暂时分开，在出发后的第二天早上野田少尉在距无锡八公里的无名村处冲进敌人的碉堡斩了4名敌人先扬威名。听到了这个消息后向井少尉奋然而起，在当天晚
上冲进横林镇的敌阵和部下一起斩了五十五名。
在这以后野田少尉在横林镇九名，威关镇六名、廿九日常州车站六名、合計斩了二十五名、向井少尉在这之后常州车站附近斩了四名。记者等在到车站的时候看到他们两人在站头会面的光景。
向井少尉：照这么下去别说去南京了，到丹阳的时候我就可能斩了100名左右了，是野
田的失败呀，我的刀砍了五十六人只有一个缺口。
——『東京日日新聞』報導記事
1937年12月13日的日報（第4報）
百人斬超紀錄，向井 106－105 野田/兩少尉延長戰
[十二日淺海、鈴木兩特派員發於紫金山麓]以南京為目標的“百人斬競賽”這樣少見競爭的參與者片桐部隊的勇士向井敏明、野田毅兩少尉，在十日的紫金山攻略戰中的對戰成績為一百零六對一百零五。十日中午，兩個少尉拿著刀刃殘缺不全的日本刀見面了。
野田：“喂，我斬了一百零五了，你呢？”向井：“我一百零六了！”……兩少尉：“啊哈哈哈……”結果是誰先砍了一百人都不去問了,“算作平手遊戲吧，再重新砍一百
五十人怎么樣”。兩人的意見一致了，十一日起，一百五十人斬的競爭就要開始了。十一日中午在接近中山陵的紫金山追殺殘兵敗將的向井少尉談了“百人斬平手遊戲”的結局：...（後略）
後來，野田毅向鹿兒島縣立師範學校附屬國小六年級的學生報告說，“實際說來，在衝鋒突擊的白刃戰中，只不過砍殺了四五人而已。我們是在占領了敵軍戰壕時，對著裡面呼叫：‘你，來！來！’那些支那兵……就一個跟著一個出來，走到我的面前，我把他們排列好了，然後一刀一個地砍下去……差不多都是這樣幹的”，我們的行為並沒有那么“勇武”，“卻以‘刀劈百人’而出了名。”
最大的战犯们都被关在日本
28个被控甲级罪犯的日本人中，只有7人死处死
其他人都在1954年或1955年被释放了，除非在那之前死了
有病的和没有被起诉的甲级嫌疑犯有近30人
他们都是直接被放了