首先美国有明确的法律条文规定如果曾是共产党员或其他集权组织成员是禁止 immigrant 进入美国和入籍的。法条是INA § 212(a)(3)(D)(i). 英文原文写的是"Any immigrant who is or has been a member of or affiliated with the Communist or any other totalitarian party (or subdivision or affiliate thereof), domestic or foreign, is inadmissible." 对于怎么定义“member"和”affiliation" 有一些后续的解释。
关于membership: 法庭还引入了一个non-meaningful membership的概念,主要是指一个人入党的主要原因缺少政治意图,高院说的原话大概是 the immigrant's understanding of party's principles as unilluminating and the dominating impulse of his affiliation with the party was wholly devoid of any political implications. 这个案子里面的原告针对自己入党原因和对党章的理解和认同做了大量举证。 Foreign Affair Manul 里面定义了non-meaningful 是指lacks commitment to the political and ideological convictions of communism. 姑且翻译成对共产主义价值观缺乏认同。
关于affiliation: FAM也给出了定义,原文很冗长,9 FAM 302.5-6(B)(4),这个定义大致涵盖了所有和党相关的其他组织,比如共青团啊等等。值得注意的是这一句” A mere intellectual interest in, sympathy for, or favoring the ideologies of the Communist or other totalitarian party does not constitute affiliation with such an organization unless accompanied by some positive and voluntary action that provides support, money, or another thing of value.“ 也就是说如果你也可以证明你并没有positive and voluntary action, 比如捐款,那你有可能不会被认定为afflicated. 对于这个”voluntary action" 在FAM里面解释了包括在政府担任”responsible position" 的, 但是不包括“rank-and-file government workers", 这个具体怎么 翻译LZ拿不准。9 FAM 302.5-6(B)(4)(f)(2). 军队服役不会被认定成affiliation,但是如果continuing service or promotion to a higher rank可能会trigger这个bar. 9 FAM 302.5-6(B)(4)(g).
例外情况: INA § 212 也明确列出了几个例外情况: (1)involuntary (2)solely when under sixteen years of age:可能适用于极少数人? (3)by operation of law:这个应该不适用,中国没有法律强制入党 (4)to obtain employment, funds, or other essentials of living (5)past membership: 中国的申请者必须证明在申请之前已经退党至少五年+对美国 国家安全没有威胁 (1)和(3)还有(5) 可能适用于大部分普通人。(1)和(3)可能举证的时候比较麻烦,(5)最方便快捷吧, LZ没有入党,怎么开这个证明不太了解。但是党章里面写的是超过6个月不参加活动就视为自动退党了。
面谈时FAM规定the interview officer must give the alien every opportunity to rebut a presumption of membership in a communist or totalitarian party. 9 FAM 302.5-6(B)(4)(h).
免责声明:本帖中任何意见均不能作为专业的法律意见,具体问题请咨询专业的移民律师。
首先美国有明确的法律条文规定如果曾是共产党员或其他集权组织成员是禁止
immigrant 进入美国和入籍的。法条是INA § 212(a)(3)(D)(i).
英文原文写的是"Any immigrant who is or has been a member of or affiliated
with the Communist or any other totalitarian party (or subdivision or
affiliate thereof), domestic or foreign, is inadmissible."
对于怎么定义“member"和”affiliation" 有一些后续的解释。
关于membership:
法庭还引入了一个non-meaningful membership的概念,主要是指一个人入党的主要原因缺少政治意图,高院说的原话大概是 the immigrant's understanding of party's
principles as unilluminating and the dominating impulse of his affiliation
with the party was wholly devoid of any political implications. 这个案子里面的原告针对自己入党原因和对党章的理解和认同做了大量举证。
Foreign Affair Manul 里面定义了non-meaningful 是指lacks commitment to the
political and ideological convictions of communism. 姑且翻译成对共产主义价值观缺乏认同。
关于affiliation:
FAM也给出了定义,原文很冗长,9 FAM 302.5-6(B)(4),这个定义大致涵盖了所有和党相关的其他组织,比如共青团啊等等。值得注意的是这一句” A mere intellectual
interest in, sympathy for, or favoring the ideologies of the Communist or
other totalitarian party does not constitute affiliation with such an
organization unless accompanied by some positive and voluntary action that
provides support, money, or another thing of value.“
也就是说如果你也可以证明你并没有positive and voluntary action, 比如捐款,那你有可能不会被认定为afflicated.
对于这个”voluntary action" 在FAM里面解释了包括在政府担任”responsible
position" 的, 但是不包括“rank-and-file government workers", 这个具体怎么
翻译LZ拿不准。9 FAM 302.5-6(B)(4)(f)(2).
军队服役不会被认定成affiliation,但是如果continuing service or promotion to a higher rank可能会trigger这个bar. 9 FAM 302.5-6(B)(4)(g).
例外情况:
INA § 212 也明确列出了几个例外情况:
(1)involuntary
(2)solely when under sixteen years of age:可能适用于极少数人?
(3)by operation of law:这个应该不适用,中国没有法律强制入党
(4)to obtain employment, funds, or other essentials of living
(5)past membership: 中国的申请者必须证明在申请之前已经退党至少五年+对美国
国家安全没有威胁
(1)和(3)还有(5) 可能适用于大部分普通人。(1)和(3)可能举证的时候比较麻烦,(5)最方便快捷吧, LZ没有入党,怎么开这个证明不太了解。但是党章里面写的是超过6个月不参加活动就视为自动退党了。
豁免:
实在不行可以申请一个豁免waiver,需要你的父母,配偶,子女,兄弟姐妹是公民或者永居。3种申请理由:人道主义,家庭团聚,公共利益 + 不会威胁国家安全。INA § 212(a)(3)(D)(iv), 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(3)(D)(iv).
面谈时FAM规定the interview officer must give the alien every opportunity to rebut a presumption of membership in a communist or totalitarian party. 9
FAM 302.5-6(B)(4)(h).
总结下来还是普普通通的老百姓还是有很大几率申请绿卡的。除了以上的例外情况和豁免条例, 还可以努力证明non-meaningful membership.
最后的最后贡献一个朋友的数据点:也是党员申请绿卡, 批了两年,最后顺利拿到了
。处理方法:在I485表格里选择了Yes,写一份详细的statement,多多提交证据。