Q More than 20 new ‘forever chemicals’ found in Sydney tap water By Caitlin Fitzsimmons Updated August 12, 2025 — 11.46amfirst published at 5.00am More than 20 new types of PFAS have been found in Sydney tap water that were not previously detected, while an expert panel convened by NSW Health has concluded that the forever chemicals are low risk and the health effects do not warrant blood testing. The panel concluded that the effects of PFAS on human health appear to be small, and recommended against blood testing to measure an individual’s PFAS level or clinical interventions to reduce it. This puts NSW Health, which has accepted all the panel’s recommendations, at odds with emerging international best practice about how to manage the environmental pollutant. In late July, before the expert panel reported, NSW Health held a webinar for general practitioners in the Blue Mountains, which included a discussion about whether patients should reduce exposure by donating blood.
Master fly casting instructor Peter Morse practising his casting in Wentworth Falls Lake on Monday. He does not catch or eat fish from the lake.Credit: Wolter Peeters UQ ?
Q AI Overview 要降低暴露和摄入PFAS（全氟和多氟烷基物质），可以采取多种措施，包括选择合适的烹饪用具、避免使用含有PFAS的食品包装、使用过滤水器，以及了解并减少特定行业和产品中的PFAS使用。 以下是一些具体的降低PFAS暴露和摄入的方法： 1. 烹饪和食品准备: 避免使用不粘锅: 不粘锅通常含有PFAS，选择不锈钢、铸铁、陶瓷或玻璃等替代材料的锅具，According to some manufacturing websites, it is also suggested. 减少外卖和速食: 许多外卖容器和速食包装都含有PFAS，以防止油脂渗透，尽量减少外卖和速食的摄入，according to a safety information platform. 选择天然食品: 尽量选择未经过加工的天然食品，减少摄入含有PFAS的预制食品和包装食品，According to SGS, a product safety information platform.
2. 饮用水: 使用过滤水器: 某些类型的过滤水器（例如反渗透、活性炭）可以有效去除饮用水中的PFAS，According to some waterboards, it is recommended. 了解当地水质: 了解你所在地区的饮用水中是否存在PFAS污染，并采取相应的预防措施，Some water resources control boards suggested.
3. 消费品: 选择PFAS-free产品: 在购买防水、防油、防污产品时，尽量选择标明“不含PFAS”或“无氟”的产品，According to some manufacturers. 注意化妆品和个人护理品: 某些化妆品和个人护理品中也可能含有PFAS，在购买时注意查看成分表，According to the California State Water Resources Control Board,. 减少使用防水服装和地毯: 防水、防污的服装和地毯也可能含有PFAS，尽量减少使用，或者选择替代品. 4. 其他: 关注行业动态: 了解哪些行业和产品中PFAS的使用较为普遍，尽量避免或减少这些产品的使用，According to the water resources control board. 支持环保政策: 支持对PFAS的生产和使用进行更严格的监管，推动替代技术的研发和应用.
通过采取这些措施，可以有效降低PFAS的暴露和摄入，从而保护自己和家人的健康，According to Napoli Shkolnik, a law firm.
Q Seascape: the state of our oceans Plastics Buoyant, the size of a lentil and almost impossible to recover: how nurdles are polluting the oceans Millions of the tiny plastic pellets are being washed up on the coast of Kerala in India in the latest in a series of global spills, as plastic treaty talks continue in Geneva Tue 12 Aug 2025
Sri Lankans salvage material washed ashore from the X-Press Pearl. One problem with nurdles, says experts, is that they are not seen as hazardous material so they are shipped like any other cargo. Photograph: Eranga Jayawardena/AP At least 445,000 tonnes of nurdles are estimated to enter the environment annually worldwide; about 59% are terrestrial spills, with the rest at sea. The number of big nurdle spills at sea is increasing, according to Fidra, a Scottishenvironmental charity. With plastic production expected to triple to more than 1bn tonnes a year by 2060, along with more frequent and intense storms, the threat is expected to grow, with some 2tn nurdles spilling into the environment a year. Yet no international agreements exist on how to package and transport nurdles safely, or even to classify them as hazardous. This week, delegates from more than 170 countries are meeting at the UN’s plastic pollution talks in Geneva, in an effort to resolve deep divisions over whether plastic production will be included in a final treaty. Campaigners hope successful talks will allow a global approach to pellet loss, packaging, transportation and legal accountability.
Nurdles washed ashore on Spain’s coastline in Tarragona. Millions of pellets washed up after a spill off Galicia on Spain’s Atlantic coast in January last year. Photograph: Josep Lago/AFP/Getty UQ ?
<Millions of the tiny plastic pellets are being washed up on the coast of Kerala in India in the latest in a series of global spills, as plastic treaty talks continue in Geneva> <With plastic production expected to triple to more than 1bn tonnes a year by 2060, along with more frequent and intense storms, the threat is expected to grow, with some 2tn nurdles spilling into the environment a year.> ? Q AI Overview India''s waste management system faces significant challenges due to rapid urbanization, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of public awareness, leading to overflowing landfills and environmental pollution. While the country has made efforts to improve waste management, including the Solid Waste Management Rules of 2016 and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0, a more holistic approach is needed. This includes improved waste segregation, increased recycling and composting, better infrastructure, and public awareness campaigns. UQ Q AI Overview As of October 2024, China has 1,010 waste incineration plants, according to Insight and Info. This represents nearly half of the global total of such facilities. The number of plants has rapidly increased in recent years, with a focus on waste-to-energy technology. Here''s some more context: Rapid Growth: China''s waste incineration industry has seen a significant expansion, driven by the need to address waste management challenges and convert waste into energy. Capacity: China''s incineration plants have a combined daily capacity of over 1.1 million tons, according to the Xinhua News Agency. Challenges: Despite the growth, some facilities face underutilization due to a shortage of waste supply, highlighting the need for effective waste sorting and recycling programs. Future Goals: China''s government aims to further expand its waste incineration capacity and increase the percentage of waste processed through incineration, potentially impacting the environment positively or negatively. UQ ?
Q Seascape: the state of our oceans Plastics Buoyant, the size of a lentil and almost impossible to recover: how nurdles are polluting the oceans Millions of the tiny plastic pellets are being washed up on the coast of Kerala in India in the latest in a series of global spills, as plastic treaty talks continue in Geneva Tue 12 Aug 2025
Sri Lankans salvage material washed ashore from the X-Press Pearl. One problem with nurdles, says experts, is that they are not seen as hazardous material so they are shipped like any other cargo. Photograph: Eranga Jayawardena/AP At least 445,000 tonnes of nurdles are estimated to enter the environment annually worldwide; about 59% are terrestrial spills, with the rest at sea. The number of big nurdle spills at sea is increasing, according to Fidra, a Scottishenvironmental charity. With plastic production expected to triple to more than 1bn tonnes a year by 2060, along with more frequent and intense storms, the threat is expected to grow, with some 2tn nurdles spilling into the environment a year. Yet no international agreements exist on how to package and transport nurdles safely, or even to classify them as hazardous. This week, delegates from more than 170 countries are meeting at the UN’s plastic pollution talks in Geneva, in an effort to resolve deep divisions over whether plastic production will be included in a final treaty. Campaigners hope successful talks will allow a global approach to pellet loss, packaging, transportation and legal accountability.
Nurdles washed ashore on Spain’s coastline in Tarragona. Millions of pellets washed up after a spill off Galicia on Spain’s Atlantic coast in January last year. Photograph: Josep Lago/AFP/Getty UQ ? EvenOdd 发表于 2025-08-12 10:34
Q A dead fish full of the ‘nurdles’ that are plastic’s raw material; sea creatures eat them thinking they are eggs. Photograph: Chamila Karunarathne/EPA UQ ?
人类广泛接触 PFAS，主要通过受污染的食物和饮用水，但也通过接触其他受污染的介质和含有 PFAS 的产品。与 PFAS 接触相关的健康影响包括生殖问题、发育问题、胆固醇升高、肝脏和甲状腺问题以及癌症风险增加。
PFAS 接触来源：
受污染的水： 饮用水源，尤其是靠近工业场所或军事基地的饮用水源，可能是 PFAS 接触的主要来源。
受污染的食物： PFAS 存在于食物中，尤其是在受污染区域附近捕获的鱼类和野味中，以及在 PFAS 生产或使用地点附近种植或饲养的食物中。
食品包装： PFAS 可能存在于食品包装材料中，并可能渗入食物中。
消费品： 许多家用产品，例如防污地毯、防水服装和一些不粘锅，都含有 PFAS。
职业暴露： 在使用或制造 PFAS 的行业（例如航空航天、汽车、建筑和电子行业）工作的人员可能面临更高的暴露水平。
室内环境： 虽然研究较少，但 PFAS 也存在于室内空气和灰尘中。
PFAS 暴露的健康影响：
生殖问题： 生育能力下降，妊娠期高血压（先兆子痫）风险增加。
发育影响： 儿童出生体重较低、青春期提前以及潜在的行为改变。
胆固醇升高： 一些研究表明，接触 PFAS 与胆固醇水平升高之间存在联系。
肝脏和甲状腺问题： 接触 PFAS 可能会影响肝功能和甲状腺激素水平。
癌症风险增加： 研究表明，接触 PFAS 可能会增加患肾癌、睾丸癌以及前列腺癌的风险。
免疫系统影响： 接触 PFAS 可能会降低疫苗的有效性，并增加感染的易感性。
其他潜在影响： 接触 PFAS 还会导致肾功能改变、激素紊乱和肥胖风险增加。
重要注意事项：
接触途径： 了解 PFAS 进入人体的方式（摄入、吸入、皮肤接触）对于评估和降低风险至关重要。
个体易感性： 年龄、整体健康状况和既往病史等因素都会影响个体对 PFAS 接触的反应。
长期健康影响： PFAS 是持久性化学物质，这意味着它们会随着时间的推移在体内积聚，其长期健康后果仍在研究中。
预防措施： 尽管还需要更多研究，但根据自然资源保护委员会 (NRDC) 的说法，通过知情选择和倡导更安全的做法来限制 PFAS 接触是一种谨慎的做法。
UQ
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More than 20 new ‘forever chemicals’ found in Sydney tap water By Caitlin Fitzsimmons Updated August 12, 2025 — 11.46amfirst published at 5.00am
More than 20 new types of PFAS have been found in Sydney tap water that were not previously detected, while an expert panel convened by NSW Health has concluded that the forever chemicals are low risk and the health effects do not warrant blood testing.
The panel concluded that the effects of PFAS on human health appear to be small, and recommended against blood testing to measure an individual’s PFAS level or clinical interventions to reduce it. This puts NSW Health, which has accepted all the panel’s recommendations, at odds with emerging international best practice about how to manage the environmental pollutant.
In late July, before the expert panel reported, NSW Health held a webinar for general practitioners in the Blue Mountains, which included a discussion about whether patients should reduce exposure by donating blood.
Master fly casting instructor Peter Morse practising his casting in Wentworth Falls Lake on Monday. He does not catch or eat fish from the lake.Credit: Wolter Peeters UQ
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Q AI Overview
以下是一些具体的降低PFAS暴露和摄入的方法： 1. 烹饪和食品准备: 避免使用不粘锅: 不粘锅通常含有PFAS，选择不锈钢、铸铁、陶瓷或玻璃等替代材料的锅具，According to some manufacturing websites, it is also suggested. 减少外卖和速食: 许多外卖容器和速食包装都含有PFAS，以防止油脂渗透，尽量减少外卖和速食的摄入，according to a safety information platform. 选择天然食品: 尽量选择未经过加工的天然食品，减少摄入含有PFAS的预制食品和包装食品，According to SGS, a product safety information platform.
2. 饮用水: 使用过滤水器: 某些类型的过滤水器（例如反渗透、活性炭）可以有效去除饮用水中的PFAS，According to some waterboards, it is recommended. 了解当地水质: 了解你所在地区的饮用水中是否存在PFAS污染，并采取相应的预防措施，Some water resources control boards suggested.
3. 消费品: 选择PFAS-free产品: 在购买防水、防油、防污产品时，尽量选择标明“不含PFAS”或“无氟”的产品，According to some manufacturers. 注意化妆品和个人护理品: 某些化妆品和个人护理品中也可能含有PFAS，在购买时注意查看成分表，According to the California State Water Resources Control Board,.
减少使用防水服装和地毯: 防水、防污的服装和地毯也可能含有PFAS，尽量减少使用，或者选择替代品.
4. 其他: 关注行业动态: 了解哪些行业和产品中PFAS的使用较为普遍，尽量避免或减少这些产品的使用，According to the water resources control board. 支持环保政策: 支持对PFAS的生产和使用进行更严格的监管，推动替代技术的研发和应用.
通过采取这些措施，可以有效降低PFAS的暴露和摄入，从而保护自己和家人的健康，According to Napoli Shkolnik, a law firm.
UQ
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Q
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Buoyant, the size of a lentil and almost impossible to recover: how nurdles are polluting the oceans Millions of the tiny plastic pellets are being washed up on the coast of Kerala in India in the latest in a series of global spills, as plastic treaty talks continue in Geneva Tue 12 Aug 2025
Sri Lankans salvage material washed ashore from the X-Press Pearl. One problem with nurdles, says experts, is that they are not seen as hazardous material so they are shipped like any other cargo. Photograph: Eranga Jayawardena/AP
At least 445,000 tonnes of nurdles are estimated to enter the environment annually worldwide; about 59% are terrestrial spills, with the rest at sea. The number of big nurdle spills at sea is increasing, according to Fidra, a Scottish environmental charity.
With plastic production expected to triple to more than 1bn tonnes a year by 2060, along with more frequent and intense storms, the threat is expected to grow, with some 2tn nurdles spilling into the environment a year. Yet no international agreements exist on how to package and transport nurdles safely, or even to classify them as hazardous.
This week, delegates from more than 170 countries are meeting at the UN’s plastic pollution talks in Geneva, in an effort to resolve deep divisions over whether plastic production will be included in a final treaty. Campaigners hope successful talks will allow a global approach to pellet loss, packaging, transportation and legal accountability.
Nurdles washed ashore on Spain’s coastline in Tarragona. Millions of pellets washed up after a spill off Galicia on Spain’s Atlantic coast in January last year. Photograph: Josep Lago/AFP/Getty UQ
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<With plastic production expected to triple to more than 1bn tonnes a year by 2060, along with more frequent and intense storms, the threat is expected to grow, with some 2tn nurdles spilling into the environment a year.>
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Q
AI Overview
India''s waste management system faces significant challenges due to rapid urbanization, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of public awareness, leading to overflowing landfills and environmental pollution. While the country has made efforts to improve waste management, including the Solid Waste Management Rules of 2016 and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0, a more holistic approach is needed. This includes improved waste segregation, increased recycling and composting, better infrastructure, and public awareness campaigns.
UQ
Q AI Overview
As of October 2024, China has 1,010 waste incineration plants, according to Insight and Info. This represents nearly half of the global total of such facilities. The number of plants has rapidly increased in recent years, with a focus on waste-to-energy technology.
Here''s some more context:
Rapid Growth: China''s waste incineration industry has seen a significant expansion, driven by the need to address waste management challenges and convert waste into energy.
Capacity: China''s incineration plants have a combined daily capacity of over 1.1 million tons, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
Challenges: Despite the growth, some facilities face underutilization due to a shortage of waste supply, highlighting the need for effective waste sorting and recycling programs.
Future Goals: China''s government aims to further expand its waste incineration capacity and increase the percentage of waste processed through incineration, potentially impacting the environment positively or negatively.
UQ
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Q
A dead fish full of the ‘nurdles’ that are plastic’s raw material; sea creatures eat them thinking they are eggs. Photograph: Chamila Karunarathne/EPA UQ
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按照规定，该国境内被严禁使用、制造和进口所有用于商业和家庭用途的塑料袋，一旦违反，将被处以1-4年的监禁，或1.9万-3.8万美元的罚款。
要知道，上万的罚款近乎是该国一个三口之家一年的收入。
肯尼亚并非个例，此前已有15个国家推出了禁塑令或限塑令，要和白色污染彻底划清界限。
以卢旺达为例，2004年，卢旺达禁止商店使用塑料袋，并通过减税措施鼓励厂家对塑料袋进行回收。
2008年，该国全面禁止了塑料袋的使用，其首都基加利此后被联合国人居署评为“非洲最清洁的城市”。
不光非洲人自己不能用塑料袋，游客想去非洲也得先将塑料袋抛之身后。
毕竟坦桑尼亚政府明明白白写着：“自2019年6月1日起，所有前往该国旅行的游客将不得携带塑料袋入境。”
宁愿劝退别人，也要坚持“断舍离”。
2023年联合国环境署也曾发布过报告，列举了80多个采取不同程度禁塑或限塑措施的国家，其中28个位于非洲。
有人调侃，“在非洲，你有钱也买不到塑料袋”，非洲哪哪都比不上别人，但禁塑水平已经赶超发达国家。
非洲为何偏偏跟塑料杠上了，而且下手如此快、准、狠？
因为这些年，非洲面临的塑料困局急剧恶化，可能是传统发展路径始料未及的。
非洲是全球人口增速最快的大洲，联合国预计到2050年将新增13亿人。
与此同时，城市化在沿海地区狂奔。
这本该带来巨大消费市场，然而现实是：垃圾处理能力的建设，远远追不上人口、城市化和消费的爆炸式增长。
于是，大量无法被处理的一次性塑料袋最终流入了海洋。
世界经济论坛的报告触目惊心：每年全球有800亿美元塑料包装入海，按这趋势，2050年，海里的塑料比鱼还多。
这对非洲尤其要命，渔业养活着超过1200万人，是许多国家主要的蛋白质来源。
微塑料通过食物链回馈人体，威胁健康与食品安全。
而塑料袋堵塞下水道曾经直接酿成过惨剧，2015年加纳阿克拉洪灾，至少150人死亡。
垃圾填埋场事故（2017年亚的斯亚贝巴滑坡致110人死亡）更是触目惊心。
城市边缘的塑料山和随风乱飞的白色污染，直接拉低城市面貌，还助长蚊媒疾病。
此时，不少非洲政府下了狠手：重罚禁塑。
效果有吗？有。
卢旺达首都基加利成了非洲最清洁城市。
连内罗毕恶名昭著的“飞行厕所”（塑料袋装排泄物乱扔）也基本绝迹。
然而，扎心的问题来了：这种最严禁令，真的治本吗？代价又是什么？
肯尼亚禁令直接冲击了本国176家塑料厂和数万工作岗位，便宜的包装袋没了，成本暴涨。
在民众中的争议也很大，觉得用个塑料袋可能被视同“贩毒”，会面临当众羞辱。
那非洲国家为什么还要选这条路？
也许是无奈的现实捷径：能迅速让街道变干净，强力扭转消费习惯，提升环保意识。
而且在非洲，搞塑料回收实在难上加难，国际企业嫌市场小、不赚钱，不愿投钱建设施，塑料回收本身成本就高，再生料市场还不稳定，质量也常不如新料。
所以，非洲的重典禁塑，更像是在基础设施严重欠账、污染火烧眉毛时，被迫吞下的一剂猛药。
它能快速止血，却难除病根，还伴随着剧烈的副作用。
而中国的外卖手提袋，多采用无纺布制成，能兼顾保温、防漏、防洒、环保等多种功能，经过长途运输后依然完好无损，质量相当过硬。
为了保温保鲜，外卖手提袋们纷纷应用多层立体隔热结构与真空材质，并以“双层锁扣结构、防溢口槽”升级防漏性能，主打一个“体验性拉满”。
而外卖包装的颜值和趣味性被视为品牌资产的一部分，好看的外卖包装是商家们“内卷”的新方向，不少商家都把心力投入到了“如何用图案和色彩给消费者带来视觉冲击”这件事上，既要认同感，又要社交分享欲。
喜茶“能装、能拎、能复用”的黑色保温袋、太二的黑白漫画风设计、霸王茶姬的新中式手提袋，都一度给消费者留下深刻印象。
成为助推外卖手提袋出海关键力量的是，它不仅性能占优、设计各异，价格也在一路走低。
在中国“补贴大战”的背景下，外卖包装成为商家成本控制的竞争壁垒。
作为仅次于食材和平台费的第三大可变成本，包装成本率每降低1%，对纯利润的提升作用就非常显著。 UQ
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我也有同样的感觉
推荐dark water这部电影，根据west Virginia 真实故事改编。
<而中国的外卖手提袋，多采用无纺布制成，能兼顾保温、防漏、防洒、环保等多种功能，经过长途运输后依然完好无损，质量相当过硬。>
Q 8 环保 在环保方面，使用的大多数无纺布的原材料是聚丙烯，而塑料袋的原材料是聚乙烯，两种物质虽然名字相似，但在化学结构上却相差甚远。聚乙烯的化学分子结构具有相当强的稳定性，极难降解，所以塑料袋需要300年才可分解完毕；而聚丙烯的化学结构不牢固，分子链很容易就可断裂，从而可以有效地降解，并且在无毒的形态中进入下一步环境循环，一个无纺布购物袋在90天内就可以彻底分解。而且无纺布购物袋可重复使用10次以上，废弃后对环境的污染度也只有塑料袋的10%。
缺点 1 与纺织布相比强度和耐久性较差。 2 不能像其他布料一样清洗。 3 纤维按一定方向排列、所以容易从直角方向裂开等等。因此生产方法的改善主要放在防止分裂的改良上。
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