本文由民航资源网网友“zhouxd”转载至民航论坛: Low-down on Korean pilots,原文出处pprune.org,翻译是我朋友圣牛做的,删掉一段技术含量过高的文字。希望各位飞友能够对韩国飞行员增加一点直观的认识。 After I retired from UAL as a Standards Captain on the -400, I got a job as a simulator instructor working for Alteon (a Boeing subsidiary) at Asiana. When I first got there, I was shocked and surprised by the lack of basic piloting skills shown by most of the pilots. It is not a normal situation with normal progression from new hire, right seat, left seat taking a decade or two. One big difference is that ex-Military pilots are given super-seniority and progress to the left seat much faster. Compared to the US, they also upgrade fairly rapidly because of the phenomenal growth by all Asian air carriers. By the way, after about six months at Asiana, I was moved over to KAL and found them to be identical. The only difference was the color of the uniforms and airplanes. I worked in Korea for 5 long years and although I found most of the people to be very pleasant, it is a minefield of a work environment ... for them and for us expats. 我从美联航波音747-400机长教员的位置上退休后,在波音的子公司Alteon谋了个模拟器教官的职位,训练韩亚的飞行员。我刚到那里的时候真的被震惊了,绝大多数的飞行员缺乏基本的飞行技术。在韩国一个飞行员不象美国这边一样花上十几二十年从菜鸟升到副驾驶再升到机长,其中一个区别是韩国空军的退役飞行员晋升机长要快得多;另一个因素是亚洲航空公司的增长比美国快,相应的飞行员晋升也快。在韩亚干了六个月后,我转而训练大韩的飞行员,然后发现这些人都是一路货,唯一不同的是制服和飞机的颜色。我在韩国工作了五年,虽然我碰到的韩国人大多数很友善,但从工作环境来说那地方真是个地雷阵,不论对韩国人还是外国人而言。 One of the first things I learned was that the pilots kept a web-site and reported on every training session. I dont think this was officially sanctioned by the company, but after one or two simulator periods, a database was building on me (and everyone else) that told them exactly how I ran the sessions, what to expect on checks, and what to look out for. For example; I used to open an aft cargo door at 100 knots to get them to initiate an RTO and I would brief them on it during the briefing. This was on the B-737 NG and many of the captains were coming off the 777 or B744 and they were used to the Master Caution System being inhibited at 80 kts. Well, for the first few days after I started that, EVERYONE rejected the takeoff. Then, all of a sudden they all got it; and continued the takeoff (in accordance with their manuals). The word had gotten out. I figured it was an overall PLUS for the training program. 我最早的发现之一是飞行员们自己搞了一个网站,互相通气培训中发生了什么。我倒不认为公司公开地支持鼓励这种行为,但是一两堂模拟器课程下来,就有一个关于我(当然其他教员也跑不了) 的个人数据库:我是怎样上课的,检查的时候喜欢查些什么,什么方面要特别小心等等。我曾经在起飞滑跑速度100节的时候模拟打开后货舱的门,等着学员中断起飞,然后我在讲评中再指出他们的错误。培训的机型是737NG,很多受训机长是从777或747-400改型号的,他们的老习惯是速度在80节以上时总警报已经被关闭了。一开始几天,所有学员都中断了起飞;几天后,后来的人全都开了窍一样,按照公司手册继续起飞。当然是他们互相交换了信息,好在这也达到了我的目的,对培训算是件好事。 We expat instructors were forced upon them after the amount of fatal accidents (most of the them totally avoidable) over a decade began to be noticed by the outside world. They were basically given an ultimatum by the FAA, Transport Canada, and the EU to totally rebuild and rethink their training program or face being banned from the skies all over the world. They hired Boeing and Airbus to staff the training centers. KAL has one center and Asiana has another. When I was there (2003-2008) we had about 60 expats conducting training KAL and about 40 at Asiana. Most instructors were from the USA, Canada, Australia, or New Zealand with a few stuffed in from Europe and Asia. Boeing also operated training centers in Singapore and China so they did hire some instructors from there. 用我们这些外国教官,对他们来说是不得已而为之。十来年里连续不断的致命事故(绝大部分是可以避免的)使外界注意到韩国恶劣的民航安全记录。FAA,加拿大运输部和欧盟对韩国人发了最后通牒—— 如果他们不能彻底改变现有的飞行员培训课程,韩国的民航机会被禁止在上述国家领空飞行。于是韩国人聘请了波音和空客的教官来他们的培训中心执教,大韩有一个培训中心,韩亚有另外一个。我在那边的时候(2003 - 2008)大概有60个外国教员在大韩,40个在韩亚。多数教员来自美国,加拿大,澳大利亚和新西兰,少数来自欧洲和亚洲。波音在新加坡和中国设有培训中心,所以他们也从那边雇一些人过来。 This solution has only been partially successful but still faces ingrained resistance from the Koreans. I lost track of the number of highly qualified instructors I worked with who were fired because they tried to enforce normal standards of performance. By normal standards, I would include being able to master basic tasks like successfully shoot a visual approach with 10 kt crosswind and the weather CAVOK. I am not kidding when I tell you that requiring them to shoot a visual approach struck fear in their hearts ... with good reason. Like this Asiana crew, it didnt compute that you needed to be a 1000 AGL at 3 miles and your sink rate should be 600-800 Ft/Min. But, after 5 years, they finally nailed me. I still had to sign my name to their training and sometimes if I just couldnt pass someone on a check, I had no choice but to fail them. I usually busted about 3-5 crews a year and the resistance against me built. I finally failed an extremely incompetent crew and it turned out he was the a high-ranking captain who was the Chief Line Check pilot on the fleet I was teaching on. I found out on my next monthly trip home that KAL was not going to renew my Visa. The crew I failed was given another check and continued a fly while talking about how unfair Captain so-and-so was. 这个办法只是部分有效,并且仍然面临韩国人的抵抗。我已经记不清有多少优秀的教官同事因为坚持正常的考核标准而被解雇了。我说的正常的考核标准是指如下基本技巧——在晴朗天气,侧风10节的条件下的目视进近。不开玩笑,让他们飞一个目视进近会把他们吓死……他们也有理由被吓死。就像这次的韩亚机组,他们根本就不会速算距离3英里时高度应该是1000英尺,下降率应该是每分钟600-800英尺。每次培训完之后我都得在培训记录上签名,如果考核时我实在没法让某人过关,那我别无选择,只能关掉他;我通常一年关掉3-5个人,因此对我的不满和抵抗也越来越强烈。到了第五年,他们终于逮到我了。我关掉了一个极其不称职的,结果那个家伙是我培训机队的首席检查机长。我下一次回美国的时候,大韩拒绝再帮我延长工作签证。那个被我关掉的家伙通过了第二次考核,继续在那里飞行,并到处说某某教官太不公平。 This Asiana SFO accident makes me sick and while I am surprised there are not more, I expect that there will be many more of the same type accidents in the future unless some drastic steps are taken. They are already required to hire a certain percentage of expats to try to ingrain more flying expertise in them, but more likely, they will eventually be fired too. One of the best trainees I ever had was a Korean/American (he grew up and went to school in the USA) who flew C-141s in the USAF. When he got out, he moved back to Korea and got hired by KAL. I met him when I gave him some training and a check on the B-737 and of course, he breezed through the training. I give him annual PCs for a few years and he was always a good pilot. Then, he got involved with trying to start a pilots union and when they tired to enforce some sort of duty rigs on international flights, he was fired after being arrested and JAILED! 这次韩亚在旧金山的事故让我感到愤怒;让我惊讶的是他们出这种事只有一次,如果不采取坚决措施的话,我看这种事故将来还会出很多次。他们已经雇佣一定比例的外国飞行员来给飞行员队伍注入经验,可是这些外国人不合作的话很可能也会被炒掉。我训练的一个最优秀的学员是个在美国长大和读书的韩国人,他曾经在美国空军里飞C-141。退役以后他回到韩国加入大韩。我给他做过 737培训,那些课程对他都是小菜一碟。以后好几年我都做他的年度检查,他是个好飞行员。然后这小子试图组织一个飞行员工会,试图让公司严格执行飞行员在国际航线上的执勤时间限制。他们把他逮捕下狱,然后炒了他! The Koreans are very very bright and smart so I was puzzled by their inability to fly an airplane well. They would show up on Day 1 of training (an hour before the scheduled briefing time, in a 3-piece suit, and shined shoes) with the entire contents of the FCOM and Flight Manual totally memorized. But, putting that information to actual use was many times impossible. Crosswind landings are also an unsolvable puzzle for most of them. I never did figure it out completely, but I think I did uncover a few clues. Here is my best guess. First off, their educational system emphasizes ROTE memorization from the first day of school as little kids. As you know, that is the lowest form of learning and they act like robots. They are also taught to NEVER challenge authority and in spite of the flight training heavily emphasizing CRM/CLR, it still exists either on the surface or very subtly. You just cant change 3000 years of culture. 韩国人是很聪明的,所以我无法理解为什么他们不能飞好飞机。他们会在培训的第一天提前一个小时到达,穿着整齐的三件套,皮鞋擦得锃亮;此时他们已经把整本的飞行手册都倒背如流了。然而,要运用这些知识对他们来说就是另一码事,很多时候是不可能的任务。侧风着陆对他们中的大多数是解不开的谜团,我从来就没有搞明白这是为什么,不过我起码知道些头绪:首先,他们的教育体系从入学第一天起就强调死记硬背,死记硬背是最低级的学习方式,而从小到大这样教出来的人只会象机器人一样行动。他们的教育也灌输不要挑战权威,所以尽管有那些座舱资源管理的培训,这一点仍然存在。江山易改,本性难移,三千年的文化没法一夜之间改变。 The other thing that I think plays an important role is the fact that there is virtually NO civil aircraft flying in Korea. Its actually illegal to own a Cessna-152 and just go learn to fly. Ultra-lights and Powered Hang Gliders are Ok. I guess they dont trust the people to not start WW III by flying 35 miles north of Inchon into North Korea. But, they dont get the kids who grew up flying (and thinking for themselves) and hanging around airports. They do recruit some kids from college and send then to the US or Australia and get them their tickets. Generally, I had better experience with them than with the ex-Military pilots. This was a surprise to me as I spent years as a Naval Aviator flying fighters after getting my private in light airplanes. I would get experienced F-4, F-5, F-15, and F-16 pilots who were actually terrible pilots if they had to hand fly the airplane. What a shock! 其次,在韩国几乎没有民间的飞行活动。买一架塞斯纳学飞行是非法的,只有超轻型飞机和滑翔伞才成。我想他们怕有人从仁川起飞往北35英里,然后第三次世界大战就爆发了。所以他们国家没有从小在机场边长大和飞机打交道的孩子,他们只是从大学里招几个人,把他们送到美国和澳大利亚拿个商业执照。总体说来,他们比那些空军退役飞行员还强些。我本人以前是海军飞行员,所以这实在让我吃惊。我培训的学员里有退役的F-4,F-5,F-15和F-16飞行员,你要他们手动操纵飞机时才发现他们是糟糕的飞行员。怎么会这样! Finally, Ill get off my box and talk about the total flight hours they claim. I do accept that there are a few talented and free-thinking pilots that I met and trained in Korea. Some are still in contact and I consider them friends. They were a joy! But, they were few and far between and certainly not the norm. 最后,我提一下他们的所谓飞行经验小时数。我在韩国也培训过有才华,能独立思考的飞行员,我和其中一些现在仍保持联系。但是,他们是异类,不是常态。 Actually, this is a worldwide problem involving automation and the auto-flight concept. Take one of these new first officers that got his ratings in the US or Australia and came to KAL or Asiana with 225 flight hours. After takeoff, in accordance with their SOP, he calls for the autopilot to be engaged after takeoff. How much actual flight time is that? Hardly one minute. Then he might fly for hours on the autopilot and finally disengage it (MAYBE?) below 800 ft after the gear was down, flaps extended and on airspeed (autothrottle). Then he might bring it in to land. Again, how much real flight time or real experience did he get. Minutes! Of course, on the 777 or 747, its the same only they get more inflated logbooks. 飞行的自动化是一个世界性的问题。看看那些从美国或澳大利亚拿了个商照,积累了225个飞行小时进入大韩或韩亚的菜鸟飞行员们。每次起飞以后,按照公司的标准操作程序,他接通自动驾驶仪。这是多少实际飞行小时?一分钟而已。然后飞机在自动驾驶仪的操控下飞几个小时,最后在800英尺以下,襟翼和起落架已经放下,由自动油门保持着速度,他解除自动驾驶操纵飞机着陆。这家伙飞一次总共积累了多少实际经验?几分钟而已。当然在越洋的777或747上,飞行小时数的通货膨胀更加厉害。 So, when I hear that a 10,000 hour Korean captain was vectored in for a 17-mile final and cleared for a visual approach in CAVOK weather, it raises the hair on the back of my neck. 所以,当我听说一个一万小时飞行经验的韩国机长,在大好的天气条件下从17英里外目视进近,我立时感到毛骨悚然。 网友“kingcrab”跟帖:我把比较专业的那段翻译一下 Any of you Boeing glass-cockpit guys will know what I mean when I describe these events. I gave them a VOR approach with an 15 mile arc from the IAF. By the way, KAL dictated the profiles for all sessions and we just administered them. He requested two turns in holding at the IAF to get set up for the approach. When he finally got his nerve up, he requested Radar Vectors to final. He could have just said he was ready for the approach and I would have cleared him to the IAF and then Cleared for the approach and he could have selected Exit Hold and been on his way. He was already in LNAV/VNAV PATH. So, I gave him vectors to final with a 30 degree intercept. Of course, he failed to Extend the FAF and he couldnt understand why it would not intercept the LNAV magenta line when he punched LNAV and VNAV. He made three approaches and missed approaches before he figured out that his active waypoint was Hold at XYZ. Every time he punched LNAV, it would try to go back to the IAF ... just like it was supposed to do. Since it was a check, I was not allowed (by their own rules) to offer him any help. That was just one of about half dozen major errors I documented in his UNSAT paperwork. He also failed to put in ANY aileron on takeoff with a 30-knot direct crosswind (again, the weather was dictated by KAL). 如果你们熟悉波音的玻璃座舱,那你们可能会明白我下面说的东西。那次我给学员一个距离起始进近点15海里的VOR弧进近(顺便说一下,这个是大韩航空定的,我只是执行),之后那个学员要求在起始进近点做两圈的等待航线以设置好他的进近。等他终于建立起信心之后,他要求雷达引导至5边。因为他当时已经在水平导航/垂直导航的航迹上了,他本应可以直接报告他准备好进近,之后我就会给他许可继续至起始进近点后继续进近,之后他本该在CDU上选择退出等待航线之后继续。所以在他报告之后,我给他航向引导至30度切5边。但不出意料,飞机没有继续进近到最总进近点,而且他根本不明白在他接通了LNAV和VNAV之后为啥飞机不去截获水平导航的那条洋红色细线。他这么来了3次,之后每次都复飞了,最后他才搞明白,他当前的导航点是在XYZ等待,所以每次他接通水平导航,飞机都会回到起始进近点……飞机也应该这样响应。因为这是检查,所以我不能给他帮助(这个也是他们公司的规定)。而且这个错误只是我在报告里记录的他所犯的半打儿错误里的一个而已,顺便说一下,他在30节正侧风起飞的时候根本不用盘(天气也是大韩设的,跟我没关系)。
‘The crew also helped several passengers who were unable to escape on their own, and a pilot carried out one passenger with an injured leg. One flight attendant said that many Chinese passengers who sat at the back of the plane near the third exit were not aware of the evacuation.’ 去看了一下韩亚那个wiki, 飞机坠毁后, 坐在后面的很多中国旅客都不知道evacuation announcement. 。 也许听不清楚, 也许是开头说的两次是韩语和英语。
你老公是专业飞行员?不是的话你为啥那么信他
如果这篇文是真的,那简直太可怕了。
我自己因为所在城市疫情后没有直达,疫情前也只有联航一家有直达,所以大部分时候要经韩国转的话,我都是买的Delta 联程,但是虽然从美国到汉城是Delta自己飞的,但从汉城到我所在的国内城市,虽然看起来是也是Delta,但其实是共享航班号,真实情况是韩国的航空公司飞中国的。
看来下次不能从韩国转机了。
原文估计早被删了,追源有什么意义呢。关键讲的是亚洲文化的问题,笔试完美,操作能力差。
—————————
韩国的民族特性里应该还有一些别的东西吧?应该是其他亚洲人不太有的,因为要说学东西死记硬背,中国一样是,要说长幼尊卑,日本也一样有,为什么在韩国被发展的如此不可收拾??? 有些奇怪🤔
日军侵华的时候,已经殖民韩国台湾一段时间,所以侵华日军里混有韩国人和台湾人,因为会说日文,所以并不是特别容易被中国人分辨出来。据说日本投降以后很多日本士兵突然就说韩文,对中国人自称“我是高丽棒子”,家里有老人记得历历在目。
应该还有其他的。
很多女的缺乏独立思考能力,把老公的话当圣旨
哈哈哈😂
山东人真倒霉,招谁惹谁了
举例子而已,也可以换成浙江人。不过我确实觉得韩国人和山东人很像。
我开玩笑的,我姥姥家祖籍山东,确实很多山东沿海人和东北延边有人亲戚在韩国。
那时候中美之间很多国航和美国航司的直航航班,所以我们和家里人做韩国航空的可能性很低。疫情这几年由于中美航司的直航航线减少,价格还涨了,选择韩国航司到首尔转机就显得价格合理又方便。不过这次又给大家提了个醒,以后还是避免做韩国的航班。
对,当时晴空万里,SFO又是最容易降落的几个机场,结果愣是能在降落中坠毁。。
那个是纯机师操作失误,机长驾驶777的累积时间只有43小时。
这是wiki上写的事故原因,不是说对韩国飞行员有偏见,事实是怎么样就是怎么样。
美国国家运输安全委员会在2013年12月份的调查报告中指出,机长使用自动油门,确信速度不会有问题。由于飞行高度过高,机长改为人手控制,自动油门也因此停止运作。此时两台引擎开始以怠速运作,但两名飞行员没有注意到航速续渐降低,速度最低减至103节,比正常慢34节。当系统发出低速警报时,飞行员立即把引擎设定为最大推力并尝试重飞,但为时已晚。7秒后,主起落架撞向海堤,引擎及尾翼与主机身分离。其馀的部分在跑道上冲前了730公尺,其间机身大幅向前倾,机头贴着地面旋转了大约330°。[20]此外,机场的部分仪表着陆系统因为正在维修并未启动,从而影响飞行员无法按照他们最熟悉的程序进行操作[20]。 其他一些社会和文化因素也是造成这起事故的原因之一。例如机长李江国对调查人员说,本来两名驾驶员中的任何一名均可以决定中断着陆。但是由于等级制度的原因而很难如此去做,而他当时也处在一名飞行教官的监督之下。另外,飞机着陆时跑道上的强光曾让飞行员短暂失明,而韩国飞行员不戴墨镜是因为这在韩国是一种不礼貌的行为。[5]
越去挖旧闻就越觉得韩国航司确实需要整顿,概率太高了。
1999年4月15日下午,KAL6316号班机装载著86吨货物[4]由上海虹桥机场起飞,所载货物主要是计划出口韩国的棉织品、集成电路板和五金工具。起飞后,副机长联系上海离场,获得爬升至1,500米(4,900英尺)的指令。当货机爬升至4500英尺时,副机长错误地提示机长航管所要求高度应为1500英尺(实为1500米),机长认为飞机需下降3000英尺,贸然推动操纵杆以尽快下降。[1]这使得飞机进入大角度高速俯冲,最终高速坠入虹桥机场西南的莘庄莘西南路一处建筑工地并起火,机上3名韩籍机组人员全部遇难,地面5人死亡(包括2名小学生及3名务工人员),4人重伤,36人轻伤,附近工棚全毁,11幢建筑、32间店铺、317户居民房屋受损,飞机残骸及机载货物碎片散落在方圆数百米之内[5]。由于飞机坠毁时猛烈撞击地面,上海市地震局亦于1999年4月15日下午4时04分35.2秒记录到一次1.6级地震[6]。
——-
事发前一个月(1999年3月15日),大韩航空1533号班机由一架编号为HL7570的MD-83执飞,在浦项机场降落时冲出跑道[13]。同年12月22日,一架波音747-200F在执行大韩航空货运8509号班机时因机师失误,自伦敦斯坦斯特德机场起飞不久后坠毁。事发之后,时任韩国总统金大中指出大韩航空管理不善,并敦促韩航更换管理层,以专业人员取代当时独掌大韩航空大权的赵重勋家族[14],但当时大韩航空的首席执行官赵亮镐并无辞职之意[15]且事后仍然接任其父赵重勋的会长职务[16]。同时达美航空、法国航空宣布断绝与大韩航空的合作关系,直至2002年[17]。 事发时飞机在莘庄镇的开发中楼盘“沁春园小区”附近坠毁,导致其物业被毁、停工、滞销及贬值。开发商上海盛帆房地产开发有限公司将大韩航空告上法庭,要求赔偿4.3亿元人民币[18]。上海市第一中级人民法院审理后裁定大韩航空向盛帆房地产赔偿人民币49,739,727元(四千九百余万元)[19]。 在HL7373前交付给大韩航空的一架MD-11(注册号HL7372)在10年后(2009年)于上海浦东机场起飞后坠毁,3人遇难,当时飞机已经转让至艾维特航空。 此次空难一度被传媒称作“四·一五空难”[20],而事发三年后(2002年4月15日)[21]韩国釜山发生中国国际航空129号班机空难,“四·一五空难”这一表述也更多用于指代后者[22]。 2001年6月5日,韩国交通部宣布取消大韩航空由汉城至上海的货运航线[23]。
可以刷题推孩子,不可以cut corner 啊。 还有中国虽然也刷也推,但是基本没有等级观念,这种技术岗基本谁牛逼谁上去,如果下面觉得错了也很直接提
这是十几年前的文章。文章里说的韩亚航空在旧金山的事故是2013年发生的。这篇文章当时在网上传播得还挺广。 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiana_Airlines_Flight_214
什么情况啊 真的是无语啊
中国人刷题和韩国人刷题还是两个概念。至少以我自己和周围人的观察来说,我们应对考试还是相对松弛的,没有死记硬背。韩国人上来一大本壮观又精美的笔记,再加上一大杯冰咖啡。
Mmkkm
Mmmk
为什么说SFO是最容易降落的几个机场?
曾经在四川,有个韩国机长为了省油早点下降还谎称mayday
这次事故,所有的飞行员都说韩国机长没必要那么快降落,盘旋把油用完或者去其他机场都没问题。 还有一个发动机被鸟撞坏了,每个人机长都要考试的。
擦,这次应该不是为了省油
我看过一个帖子说有一次好像是国内机场,一个其他国家的航空公司飞机出现故障要紧急降落,调度台已经呼叫mayday好几次,让韩国飞机推迟降落,结果这个韩国机长假装没听到,就是不想让路,最后好像说理由是他不想浪费油,怕拿不到奖金,其实也并没有很多钱,可以一点不顾其他飞机的安全
国泰安全记录为什么这么好?有懂行的给说说么?
很多人包括这里的讨论起航空公司总在纠缠什么饭菜好不好吃,空姐空少养不养眼,服务如何。
然而和命比起来,这些都是浮云,甚至包括准点和价格,肯定都不如安全更重要。
你的描述应该时对得,是其他飞机mayday,但是韩国机长想赚省油钱。我只是记得大概故事了,集体细节不太记得了。
副机长是中国人,不承认机长的选择。 韩国机长还是拿韩国人那一套来压副机长,但是中国籍副机长死活不答应。
国泰的机师好像都是找英美那些老外,经验技术好。
国泰的飞行员是国际性的,有工会。国泰除了服务和位置被吐槽,空客机多,飞机员的水平真得很好。我一晕机的朋友有次降落香港都盛赞非常平稳。
太发指了啊
你挖挖中国的空难记录,有几次是因为驾驶员的人为原因?
最后结果呢?让了没
等级服从就没有。
晕😵😵好有道理, 终于理解了好多情况。
上次东方航空?
, 中国到哪都是刺头多。。。
只吃泡菜,怎么能聪明呢
可是中国飞行员没有这样啊
2010年伊春空难,“事件经调查后,机长齐全军被指控重大飞行事故罪”https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA8387%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE
2004年包头空难,“中国民用航空总局局长杨元元公布意外原因是人为错误:飞航组员并未有执行除冰程序和起飞前检查,机身及操控面积聚的冰雪令飞机升力大减,导致航机起飞后迅即坠毁。” https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA5210%E8%99%9F%E7%8F%AD%E6%A9%9F%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%A3
2002年中国国际航空釜山空难,“韩国的官方调查报告在2005年5月公布。调查报告总结意外有以下成因: 1.当129号班机的机组人员执行目视盘旋进场时,没有注意该广体航机(波音767-200ER)着陆的最低适合天气。此外,在进场(着陆)简报中,机组人员并没有包括一些中国国际航空的运作及训练指引中要求的项目,如进场失败的应对方式等。 2.机组人员没有适当分配驾驶舱工作,致使在目视盘旋进场转往18R跑道的过程中分心并飞出保护区域(目视旋回进入时规定了不应飞出的空域,飞出后可能会撞到地表、建筑物或者侵入禁飞区等),使航机转向的时间拖后,第三边距离过长。这与机长计划及时转弯的意图相悖。 3.机组人员在目视盘旋进场的过程中,当不能目视发现18R的跑道时(因为飞出保护区后其实已经绕到山后,当然看不见跑道),并没有立即复飞,导致航机撞到机场附近的山地。 4.撞击发生约5秒前,当副机长建议机长复飞时,机长没有回应,而副机长也没有自行取消进场。” https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA129%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE
更远的还有不少。听说中国民用航天安全性提高也就是2004年之后的事,之前的飞机经常带着问题飞。
东航飞行员献忠直接带走一飞机人算不算人为原因?
实际案例 以下是一些实施类似政策的航司: 瑞安航空(Ryanair):其机队管理政策非常注重燃油效率,飞行员被要求严格按照飞行计划执行,以实现最佳燃油消耗。 易捷航空(easyJet) 和 挪威航空(Norwegian Air Shuttle):同样重视节油飞行,通常通过数据监控技术向飞行员提供燃油消耗的详细报告,并奖励表现好的飞行员。 美国联合航空(United Airlines):通过其燃油管理计划,鼓励飞行员采取更高效的飞行方式,减少不必要的燃油浪费。 中国航司:中国的航空公司(如国航、东航、南航)也逐渐开始通过奖励方式鼓励飞行员节油,但具体政策往往受到监管规定限制。
woc,难怪最近几年坐ua的飞机每次降落我都头疼,十几年前刚来美国,ua的飞机降落要先盘旋好久的,现在是直接近乎垂直下降!
系统提示:若遇到视频无法播放请点击下方链接
https://www.youtube.com/embed/lWkFYT8EGUs
系统提示:若遇到视频无法播放请点击下方链接
https://www.youtube.com/embed/zTXDalv7kNQ
现代飞机高度自动化,调几个按钮就能自己起降,飞行员是用来应对非正常情况。我是不坐韩国航空的,再漂亮的飞机和空姐也不值得丢了性命。
中国完全没问题。实际上中国人跟美国人很相似。日本人最机械呆板,喜欢死扣无用细节,韩国人次之,鲁莽急躁,尊卑等级分明,中国可以说是最均衡的,胆大心细,身段灵活,也没什么尊卑观念,分分钟想自己做王。
日本人专研精神还行吧,技术上还是去扣的细,不是专过考试那种。毕竟也出了不少诺奖。没咋听说日航出事。