隔壁防护仔细的感染者，可能是因为住公寓，通过排风口、下水道传染。 我在去年3月份时提醒了一些人这些事情。把我当时发给他们的email转发一下。 By now (March 31, 2020), there is no direct evidence that some SARS-CoV-2 patients have been infected through faecal-oral transmission. However, there is direct evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is found in the faecal of patients. And in 2003, a similar virus, SARS-CoV, could have infected hundreds of people in Hong Kong through faecal-oral transmission. In 2003, an epicenter of the SARS-CoV outbreak was the Amoy Gardens in Hong Kong. There were 321 SARS cases in the Amoy Gardens by mid-April, and 41% of them were in Block E (Cotruvo et al, 2004). "Environmental investigations (Hong Kong Department of Health 2003) indicated that the U-trap in the bathroom floor drains were usually dry and that there was a cracked sewer vent pipe in Block E. Tests with oil droplets suggested that aerosols traveled upwards in the light wells (utility channels) between each floor and that droplets could enter a bathroom through the floor drain because of negative pressure generated by exhaust fans when the bathroom door was closed." (p39, Cotruvo et al, 2004) Thus, Cotruvo et al (2004) suggest "Given that the SARS virus is excreted in faeces and these results, it seems possible that SARS could have been transmitted through wastewater droplets." (p39). SARS-CoV RNA was found in the sewage water of two hospitals in Beijing treating patients with SARS. (Wang et al, 2005) The discussion of faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 started in Feb 2020, based on the similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV/MERS-Cov. One example is the paper on The Lancet by Yeo et al. (2020). But the authors did not provide any evidence. The first evidence comes from Holshue et al. (2020). In this paper, Table 2 shows a positive case in the stool on Illness Day 7 (stool not tested on other days). In a study in Singapore (Ong et al, 2020), SARS-CoV-2 virus is found in the toilet bowl. To sum, SARS-CoV-2 virus can be found in the faecal of patients, and it is possible to travel through malfunctioning sewers and floor drains. That''s why I suggest sanitizing the toilets and drains. References: Cotruvo, Joseph A., et al., eds. Waterborne zoonoses. IWA publishing, 2004. Holshue, Michelle L., et al. "First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States." New England Journal of Medicine (2020). DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191 ONG, Sean Wei Xiang, TAN, Yian Kim, CHIA, Po Ying, et al. Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient. Jama, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3227 WANG, X. W., LI, J., GUO, T., et al. Concentration and detection of SARS coronavirus in sewage from Xiao Tang Shan Hospital and the 309th Hospital of the Chinese People''s Liberation Army. Water science and technology, 2005, vol. 52, no 8, p. 213-221. Yeo, Charleen, Sanghvi Kaushal, and Danson Yeo. "Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: is faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible?." The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology 5.4 (2020): 335-337. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30048-0 A picture indicating the problem of dry u-trap is below:
我在去年3月份时提醒了一些人这些事情。把我当时发给他们的email转发一下。
By now (March 31, 2020), there is no direct evidence that some SARS-CoV-2 patients have been infected through faecal-oral transmission. However, there is direct evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is found in the faecal of patients. And in 2003, a similar virus, SARS-CoV, could have infected hundreds of people in Hong Kong through faecal-oral transmission.
In 2003, an epicenter of the SARS-CoV outbreak was the Amoy Gardens in Hong Kong. There were 321 SARS cases in the Amoy Gardens by mid-April, and 41% of them were in Block E (Cotruvo et al, 2004). "Environmental investigations (Hong Kong Department of Health 2003) indicated that the U-trap in the bathroom floor drains were usually dry and that there was a cracked sewer vent pipe in Block E. Tests with oil droplets suggested that aerosols traveled upwards in the light wells (utility channels) between each floor and that droplets could enter a bathroom through the floor drain because of negative pressure generated by exhaust fans when the bathroom door was closed." (p39, Cotruvo et al, 2004) Thus, Cotruvo et al (2004) suggest "Given that the SARS virus is excreted in faeces and these results, it seems possible that SARS could have been transmitted through wastewater droplets." (p39).
SARS-CoV RNA was found in the sewage water of two hospitals in Beijing treating patients with SARS. (Wang et al, 2005)
The discussion of faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 started in Feb 2020, based on the similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV/MERS-Cov. One example is the paper on The Lancet by Yeo et al. (2020). But the authors did not provide any evidence.
The first evidence comes from Holshue et al. (2020). In this paper, Table 2 shows a positive case in the stool on Illness Day 7 (stool not tested on other days).
In a study in Singapore (Ong et al, 2020), SARS-CoV-2 virus is found in the toilet bowl. To sum, SARS-CoV-2 virus can be found in the faecal of patients, and it is possible to travel through malfunctioning sewers and floor drains. That''s why I suggest sanitizing the toilets and drains.
References:
Cotruvo, Joseph A., et al., eds. Waterborne zoonoses. IWA publishing, 2004. Holshue, Michelle L., et al. "First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States." New England Journal of Medicine (2020). DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191 ONG, Sean Wei Xiang, TAN, Yian Kim, CHIA, Po Ying, et al. Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient. Jama, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3227 WANG, X. W., LI, J., GUO, T., et al. Concentration and detection of SARS coronavirus in sewage from Xiao Tang Shan Hospital and the 309th Hospital of the Chinese People''s Liberation Army. Water science and technology, 2005, vol. 52, no 8, p. 213-221. Yeo, Charleen, Sanghvi Kaushal, and Danson Yeo. "Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: is faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible?." The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology 5.4 (2020): 335-337. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30048-0
A picture indicating the problem of dry u-trap is below: