Abstract An explanation is required for the re-emergence of COVID-19 outbreaks in regions with apparent local eradication. Recent outbreaks have emerged in Vietnam, New Zealand and parts of China where there had been no cases for some months. Importation of contaminated food and food packaging is a feasible source for such outbreaks and a source of clusters within existing outbreaks. Such events can be prevented if the risk is better appreciated. Figure 1.Quantification of infectious virus over 21 days. Viral titres were determined by limiting dilution. Titres are expressed as mean ± SD log10 TCID50/mL. SARS-CoV-2 was stored alone or in the presence of fish, chicken or pork and tested under refrigeration (4°C); and frozen (−20°C and −80°C).
Appendix to Fisher et al To assess the feasibility of long chains of occult infection leading to clusters some time after a community was thought to have been clear of infection, we built a branching process simulation model. Each case is assumed to generate a Poisson-distributed number of secondary cases with mean ρ. We seed the chain with a single unidentified case in generation 0, the untraced and unobserved daughter infection of a case. The number of infections in generation g of the chain is denoted Ng, which has distribution Po(Ngρ). Each case after the initial infection that seeds the chain is ascertained with probability α. The chain is simulated forward for 30 generations or until 1 000 000 cases or until the first case is ascertained. We then calculate the number of generations passed until the chain is uncovered or becomes extinct, and the probability there is on-going occult transmission in each generation. The probability the chain of infection is detected and the expected number of infections are derived through Monte Carlo simulation with 100 000 draws. Figure S1.Probability of ongoing undetected transmission for the first 20 generations for four values of the ascertainment rate (α = 5%, 10%, 25% and 50%) and reproduction number (ρ = 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5). Probabilities <1/100 000 are set to 1/100 000 for graphical purposes. It is very unlikely that ongoing occult transmission would be maintained for more than ten generations except for low reproduction numbers and very low ascertainment rates. 同一篇文章附录建立数学模型来估计在清除社区感染的地区, 存在潜在人传人传播链经过多代传播导致局部爆发,检测到的第一个阳性病人的可能性. 结论是这种可能性基本不存在.
Abstract An explanation is required for the re-emergence of COVID-19 outbreaks in regions with apparent local eradication. Recent outbreaks have emerged in Vietnam, New Zealand and parts of China where there had been no cases for some months. Importation of contaminated food and food packaging is a feasible source for such outbreaks and a source of clusters within existing outbreaks. Such events can be prevented if the risk is better appreciated. Figure 1.Quantification of infectious virus over 21 days. Viral titres were determined by limiting dilution. Titres are expressed as mean ± SD log10 TCID50/mL. SARS-CoV-2 was stored alone or in the presence of fish, chicken or pork and tested under refrigeration (4°C); and frozen (−20°C and −80°C).
🔥 最新回帖
美国再怎么甩锅指责中国 也没有到中国那么不要脸的程度 从一开始就给普罗大众洗脑这是美国军方恶意传播的病毒 到现在都是境外输入的病毒 共产党千秋万万代 从来都是有功无过的啊
猪头吃多了会影响思考能力
陶大花园是大名鼎鼎的粪口传播 停水停电 然后全楼卫生间通风成了大问题 通过管道传播 airbone 不是电梯。。
香港的淘大花园就是这么传染的
🛋️ 沙发板凳
应该是说没戴口罩。
好像是德国人抗议说他们的猪脚没事儿,就又甩给美国猪头啦,反正跟美国都翻脸了。挺有创意的
转贴就贴全呗。
没准偷偷啃了猪头 。。。
应该是亲吻了猪嘴。。。
好奇的问,美国向中国出口猪头么?这么多年没听说谁吹我家吃的猪头肉是进口,我涮的脑花是进口的呀,没有买会有卖么?不懂
哎,多么希望中国政府也有这个认真劲去追查一下武汉的病毒来源。结果华南海鲜市场被毁尸灭迹了。。这锅得一直背下去,遗憾
蝙蝠, 果子狸, 穿山甲, 猪头, 猪肘, 三文鱼, 包装泡沫,
祖国和人民记住你们的功劳的!
你这洗白水平,还是赶紧洗洗白你自己睡吧
真不明白为什么有人会将自己的老公唤做猪头?
那么那个猪头老公的老婆是猪什么啊
打情骂俏吧
也许舌吻了
有 很多 而且有些是当垃圾或饲料收的 走私的
你可以投票看看做饭有几个戴手套切肉的,而且中国超市里估计卖肉的一个都逃不了,这装卸工碰下就得,那么天天切肉的还不得全都是阳性?
你什么意思?????拉出去斩了
我只是在讨论这种通过进口肉传染的可能性,而且好心的健议大家这段时间小心防护。 说到底这是个呼吸道传染病,碰一下手是不会传染的,但是如果手再去碰一下脸,就很容易传染了, 进口肉工人搬运工不可能就搬一点肉就去洗手,所以时间越长他用手摸脸的机率就越大,感染的机率越大,感染的浓度越高,所以我不明白他们为什么不戴好口罩和手套去干活,因为只戴手套也是不安全的。
哈哈哈。。。。。。
其实我就没想通 猪头为啥要从海外进口啊 这冷链太挑战智商了 没法信啊。。
西方国家很多边角都是卖给亚洲呀~ 我原来也不知道 后来脱欧的时候有个英国的议员说,他们那个村养鸡,鸡爪呀内脏啊鸡脖子啊本来可以出口给中国,但是因为EUregulation就把事情搞得很复杂,所以他们要脱欧。。。
还有回国的华人 千里投毒
?
不进口猪头,用什么甩锅
不能直接说是哪个国家吗
撒点盐防冻
不清楚
CCP就是要这种朦胧感,韭菜们自己猜自己发挥。
这个太好笑了!
You made my day!
徒手搬运,还感染了德国猪手!
说得我都想去买个猪头了,我们这儿店里有。不放在外面卖,你得跟他要。巨便宜。10元钱一个20磅的猪头,可惜也不怎么好吃。
原来都出口到天津去了!还跟德国猪手有一腿。。。
山东通报说猪肘外包装检测出阳性--> 天津冷库检测,发现138号装卸工和139号司机阳性-->138号装卸了猪肘,但是139号没有接触猪肘,也不认识138号。他是运北美猪头的。他是怎么得的呢?-->福尔摩斯查出来,138号前一天搬运过北美猪头,第二天没有换衣服和手套搬运了德国猪手。139号在猪头滚落的时候帮忙捡过猪头。-->由此可见,一定是猪头阳性,感染了139号以及138号的衣服手套,然后138号又传给德国猪手。
罪魁祸首的北美猪头由于全部运送出去了,所以无法检测。但是当初猪头散落的地面检测出了阳性!
哇! 这检测能力和推理能力,我实在没法相信武汉病毒的0号病人和最初传染源居然没找出来!
看来在家要吃顿冷冻肉,还得再买套房专门做肉了。 原因请搭配楼上57楼破案贴一块看。
哈哈哈哈,你是要笑死我然后继承我的百褶裙么
天,凡尔赛新境界:好想吃猪头肉,又怕有新冠病毒,只能再买一栋房子配个英国管家带领中国厨子在里面处理猪耳朵猪舌头了
手动点赞这个段子~~以后廊坊粉毛也别吃猪肉了,要不传染个新冠,不会直接被突突吧。
这算是英国粗暴干涉中国内政
好像是,前些天英国大使救落水女孩这种摆拍行为,完全是为了跪舔我大天朝,没想到被勤劳勇敢智慧的劳动人民识破在网上把他一顿毒打,现在又试图用英国管家干涉我国人民吃猪头肉,其心可诛,不可不防
你是说,猪头对着人喘气造成的感染?
哈哈哈哈
This makes my day!
手动点赞
哈哈哈,笑喷了。。。
太感人了,冲过两次人猪交换,让来自五湖四海素不相识的两群猪走到了一起,耳边顿时响起了那首歌,北京欢迎你。。。
PS:尚不确定北美猪头是说美国,加拿大,墨西哥,还是巴拿马运河以北的其他拉美国家猪头
太精彩了,不写一本侦探小说简直屈才。领导一定是刑侦专业毕业的。
现在最大的段子手就是政府啊
这个太好玩了
肉联厂是因为天天上班齐刷刷人挨人排排站
Nope,一片称赞 “精准并一语双关” “福尔摩斯颖”
我有国内盆友不信的 发在我们笑话群 毕竟猪头这个太挑战了。。
你太优秀了!
很多人惊讶 猪头还要北美进口
额的神啊!!震碎我的认知了!
无所谓了,这种新闻算啥,文革时候那么羞辱智商的新闻,中国人不也都挺过来了。
Seeding of outbreaks of COVID-19 by contaminated fresh and frozen food
Dale Fisher, Alan Reilly, View ORCID Profile Adrian Kang Eng Zheng, View ORCID Profile Alex R Cook, View ORCID Profile Danielle E. Anderson doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.255166
Abstract An explanation is required for the re-emergence of COVID-19 outbreaks in regions with apparent local eradication. Recent outbreaks have emerged in Vietnam, New Zealand and parts of China where there had been no cases for some months. Importation of contaminated food and food packaging is a feasible source for such outbreaks and a source of clusters within existing outbreaks. Such events can be prevented if the risk is better appreciated.
Figure 1.Quantification of infectious virus over 21 days. Viral titres were determined by limiting dilution. Titres are expressed as mean ± SD log10 TCID50/mL. SARS-CoV-2 was stored alone or in the presence of fish, chicken or pork and tested under refrigeration (4°C); and frozen (−20°C and −80°C).
上面贴的是新加坡国立大学医学院等机构科学家的文章.
题目是新鲜和冷冻食品导致的新冠局部爆发. 作者注意到, 中国北京新发地,越南,新西兰等已经消除社区感染地区,在无新病例长时间之后50-99天,出现不明原因局部爆发的情况. 因为新发地市场环境取样发现了切进口三文鱼案板上的新冠病毒,所以, 出现了冷冻或新鲜食品新冠病毒沾染导致人员感染的可能性.
为了检验这个hypothesis, 作者们做了试验来检验,结果发现,冷链传播是可能的. 实验结果表明,新冠病毒在2-4C, -20C, -80C, 无附着,或附着在鸡肉,鱼,猪肉上,从0-21天,感染力没有一点下降.
这个结果也提醒大家,冷冻冷藏食物购买回家,一定要做好消杀再放入冰箱.切记.
因为meat processing facility, 很多是手工在低温下完成的, 如果有被感染工人在这里工作,deposit droplets/shedding virus onto meat product是难以避免的.
还有就是冬季到来,气温降低,所有运输链条,基本上都成为事实上的冷链.
病毒在低温情况下,在物体表面长时间存活,也是秋冬季是呼吸道疾病高发时期的原因.
Figure S1.Probability of ongoing undetected transmission for the first 20 generations for four values of the ascertainment rate (α = 5%, 10%, 25% and 50%) and reproduction number (ρ = 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5). Probabilities <1/100 000 are set to 1/100 000 for graphical purposes.
It is very unlikely that ongoing occult transmission would be maintained for more than ten generations except for low reproduction numbers and very low ascertainment rates.
同一篇文章附录建立数学模型来估计在清除社区感染的地区, 存在潜在人传人传播链经过多代传播导致局部爆发,检测到的第一个阳性病人的可能性.
结论是这种可能性基本不存在.
2020-10-17
五毛同志,别洗了
问题的关键不在接触是否传染,而在于 猪头已经发往各地找不到了,并没有检测猪头,而是检测了头一天猪头掉落的地方,说地上有病毒,所以得出猪头有病毒的结论
这个逻辑链,只有你党能够制造出来,也只有你们会信。
看看国内明白人怎么说:
地上检出新冠核酸是完全可能的. PCR检测限很高的.
环境取样就是棉签在表面擦拭取样.
砧板,桌案,包装表面,地面没有实质性区别.
普通人不懂呗.