全世界P4实验室不完全列表，看看你家附近有没有 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosafety_level#BSL-4_facilities_for_extraterrestrial_samples Name Location Date established Description National Service of Healthcare and Agriculture Quality (SENASA) Buenos Aires, Argentina Diagnostic laboratory for Foot-and-mouth disease.[27] Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness Geelong, Victoria, Australia 1985 Capable of housing from large experimental animals to insects under conditions that exceed all BSL 4 requirements. The antecedent of all such facilities developed since the 1980s. Arguably the most researched design and construction project ever. AAHL is subdivided into a number of isolation zones that can be managed at differing containment levels concurrently. CSIRO AAHL Project Manager and Architect, William Curnow, provided technical reviews to Canadian, Indian, UK and French Authorities and consulted with Dr Jerry Callis [PIADC] to UN FAO on matters of bio-containment. Formerly known as the Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) and renamed to Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness April 2020 University of Melbourne – Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2014 Diagnostic reference lab.[28][29] National High Security Laboratory Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Operates under the auspice of the Victoria Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory.[30] Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais (Lanagro/MG) Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2014 Focus on Agropecuary diseases and diagnostics.[31] National Microbiology Laboratory Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 1999[32] Located at the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, it is jointly operated by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.[33] Wuhan Institute of Virology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, Hubei, China 2015 Wuhan Institute of Virology has existed since 1956 and already hosted BSL3 laboratories. A BSL4 facility was completed in 2015, and became the first BSL-4 laboratory in China.[34] Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2018 Harbin Veterinary Research Institute researches prevention and control of major infectious diseases. China's second, and the first for large animals, BSL-4 lab.[35] Biological Defense Center Těchonín, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic 1971, rebuilt 2003–2007 Hospital and research facility. Located at the Centrum biologické ochrany (Biological Defense Center). Operated by Army of the Czech Republic.[36] Jean Mérieux BSL-4 Laboratory Lyon, Metropolis of Lyon, France 1999 Built and owned by the Fondation Mérieux. Since 2004, operated by INSERM.[37] Laboratoire de la DGA Vert-le-Petit, Essonne, France 2013 Operated by the Ministry of Defense.[38] Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville Franceville, Haut-Ogooué Province, Gabon This facility is operated by a research organization supported by both Gabonese (mainly) and French governments, and is West Africa's only P4 lab (BSL-4).[39] Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Germany 2015 Diagnostic and experimental lab facility.[40] Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, Germany 2014 Part of the Leibniz Center Infection. National reference lab for tropical viruses.[41] Friedrich Loeffler Institute Isle of Riems, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany 2010 Focus on animal viral diseases and diagnostics.[42] Philipps University of Marburg Marburg, Hesse, Germany 2008 Focuses on hemorrhagic fever viruses.[43] Országos Epidemiológiai Központ – National Center for Epidemiology Budapest, Hungary 1998 Division of Virology operates three WHO National Reference Laboratories. The BSL-4 biosafety laboratory provides a modern means to process dangerous imported zoonotic viral pathogens.[44] University of Pécs Pécs, Hungary 2016 Opened in 2016, part of "Szentágothai János Kutatóközpont". High Security Animal Disease Laboratory (HSADL) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 1998 This facility deals especially to zoonotic organisms and emerging infectious disease threats.[45] Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad, Telangana, India 2009 National BSL-4 Containment Facility for Human Infectious Diseases.[46] National Institute of Virology Pune, Maharashtra, India 2012 India's first BSL4 lab and the most advanced.[47] Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Rome, Lazio, Italy 1997 The "National Institute of Infectious Diseases" used to operate within the Lazzaro Spallanzani hospital; the facility is now independent and is home to five BSL-3 labs as well as a single BSL-4 laboratory, which was completed in 1997.[48] National Institute for Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan 2015 Located at National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Department of Virology I. Built in 1981; operated at BSL-3 until 2015 due to opposition from nearby residents.[49] Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan 1984 Facility completed in 1984 but not operated as BSL-4 due to local opposition.[50] State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (VECTOR) Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia One of two WHO-approved facilities for work on variola virus.[16] National Institute for Communicable Diseases Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 2002 [51] Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea 2017 First BSL-4 Lab in South Korea Public Health Agency of Sweden Solna, Stockholm County, Sweden 2001 The only BSL-4 facility in the Nordic region. Constructed for research and diagnostics of hemorrhagic fever viruses.[52] University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland "Glove box" type laboratory; primarily for handling clinical samples.[53] Spiez Laboratory Spiez, Canton of Bern, Switzerland 2013 Run by Federal Office for Civil Protection and the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports.[54] Institute of Medical Virology Zurich, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland Part of the University of Zurich. Primary purpose is diagnostics of highly pathogenic viruses.[54] Institute of Preventive Medicine National Defense University, Taiwan 1983 [55] Francis Crick Institute Camden, Greater London, United Kingdom 2015 Has BSL-4 space but does not work on human pathogens.[56] Public Health England's Centre for Infections Colindale, Greater London, United Kingdom Department of Health laboratory. Diagnostics for various viral diseases.[57] Part of the European Network of Biosafety-Level-4 Laboratories.[58] National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill, Greater London, United Kingdom Medical Research Council laboratory. Research and diagnostics for highly pathogenic viruses. Closed in 2017 and work moved to the Francis Crick Institute. Site demolished in 2018. [57] National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Department of Health and Home Office laboratory. Develop assays and reagents for research on virulent pathogens.[57] Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs laboratory. Diagnostics and research for animal diseases.[57] Institute for Animal Health Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council laboratory. Research on highly pathogenic animal diseases.[57] Merial Animal Health Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom Private lab. Produces vaccines against foot and mouth disease and bluetongue disease.[57] Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Department of Health laboratory. Diagnostics and research for haemorrhagic fever viruses.[57] Part of the European Network of Biosafety-Level-4 Laboratories.[58] Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Ministry of Defence laboratory. Focuses on protection from biological weapons.[57] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Diseases Fort Collins, Colorado, United States A BSL 3/4 facility that operates in connection with some of CSU's biomedical research programs. The Fort Collins, Colorado location specializes in arboviral and bacterial diseases.[59] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia, United States Currently operates in two buildings. One of two facilities in the world that officially hold smallpox.[16] Georgia State University Atlanta, Georgia, United States 1997 Research focus on B virus.[60] National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas, United States 2022 (expected) Under construction. Facility to be operated by the Department of Homeland Security, and replace the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. Expected to be operational by 2022–2023.[61] National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland, United States Located on the NIH Campus, it currently only operates with BSL-3 agents.[62] Integrated Research Facility Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States Operated by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Focuses on animal models of human diseases.[63] National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States Operated by the Department of Homeland Security. Focus on potential bioterrorism threats.[64] US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States 1969 Run by the U.S. Army. Research focuses on biological threats to the U.S. military.[65][66] National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory (NEIDL), Boston University Boston, Massachusetts, United States Built 2008, Opened 2012[67], BSL-4 Approval in 2017 [68] Focus on potential threats to public health.[69] Rocky Mountain Laboratories Integrated Research Facility Hamilton, Montana, United States 2008 NIAID laboratory. Focus on vector-borne diseases.[70] Galveston National Laboratory, National Biocontainment Facility Galveston, Texas, United States Opened in 2008, facility is operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch.[71] Shope Laboratory Galveston, Texas, United States 2004 Operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch.[72] Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, Texas, United States 1999 The only privately owned BSL-4 lab in the US.[73]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosafety_level#BSL-4_facilities_for_extraterrestrial_samples
Name Location Date
established Description
National Service of Healthcare and Agriculture Quality (SENASA) Buenos Aires, Argentina Diagnostic laboratory for Foot-and-mouth disease.[27]
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness Geelong, Victoria, Australia 1985 Capable of housing from large experimental animals to insects under conditions that exceed all BSL 4 requirements. The antecedent of all such facilities developed since the 1980s. Arguably the most researched design and construction project ever. AAHL is subdivided into a number of isolation zones that can be managed at differing containment levels concurrently. CSIRO AAHL Project Manager and Architect, William Curnow, provided technical reviews to Canadian, Indian, UK and French Authorities and consulted with Dr Jerry Callis [PIADC] to UN FAO on matters of bio-containment. Formerly known as the Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) and renamed to Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness April 2020
University of Melbourne – Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2014 Diagnostic reference lab.[28][29]
National High Security Laboratory Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Operates under the auspice of the Victoria Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory.[30]
Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais (Lanagro/MG) Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2014 Focus on Agropecuary diseases and diagnostics.[31]
National Microbiology Laboratory Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 1999[32] Located at the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, it is jointly operated by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.[33]
Wuhan Institute of Virology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, Hubei, China 2015 Wuhan Institute of Virology has existed since 1956 and already hosted BSL3 laboratories. A BSL4 facility was completed in 2015, and became the first BSL-4 laboratory in China.[34]
Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2018 Harbin Veterinary Research Institute researches prevention and control of major infectious diseases. China's second, and the first for large animals, BSL-4 lab.[35]
Biological Defense Center Těchonín, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic 1971, rebuilt 2003–2007 Hospital and research facility. Located at the Centrum biologické ochrany (Biological Defense Center). Operated by Army of the Czech Republic.[36]
Jean Mérieux BSL-4 Laboratory Lyon, Metropolis of Lyon, France 1999 Built and owned by the Fondation Mérieux. Since 2004, operated by INSERM.[37]
Laboratoire de la DGA Vert-le-Petit, Essonne, France 2013 Operated by the Ministry of Defense.[38]
Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville Franceville, Haut-Ogooué Province, Gabon This facility is operated by a research organization supported by both Gabonese (mainly) and French governments, and is West Africa's only P4 lab (BSL-4).[39]
Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Germany 2015 Diagnostic and experimental lab facility.[40]
Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, Germany 2014 Part of the Leibniz Center Infection. National reference lab for tropical viruses.[41]
Friedrich Loeffler Institute Isle of Riems, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany 2010 Focus on animal viral diseases and diagnostics.[42]
Philipps University of Marburg Marburg, Hesse, Germany 2008 Focuses on hemorrhagic fever viruses.[43]
Országos Epidemiológiai Központ – National Center for Epidemiology Budapest, Hungary 1998 Division of Virology operates three WHO National Reference Laboratories. The BSL-4 biosafety laboratory provides a modern means to process dangerous imported zoonotic viral pathogens.[44]
University of Pécs Pécs, Hungary 2016 Opened in 2016, part of "Szentágothai János Kutatóközpont".
High Security Animal Disease Laboratory (HSADL) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 1998 This facility deals especially to zoonotic organisms and emerging infectious disease threats.[45]
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad, Telangana, India 2009 National BSL-4 Containment Facility for Human Infectious Diseases.[46]
National Institute of Virology Pune, Maharashtra, India 2012 India's first BSL4 lab and the most advanced.[47]
Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Rome, Lazio, Italy 1997 The "National Institute of Infectious Diseases" used to operate within the Lazzaro Spallanzani hospital; the facility is now independent and is home to five BSL-3 labs as well as a single BSL-4 laboratory, which was completed in 1997.[48]
National Institute for Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan 2015 Located at National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Department of Virology I. Built in 1981; operated at BSL-3 until 2015 due to opposition from nearby residents.[49]
Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan 1984 Facility completed in 1984 but not operated as BSL-4 due to local opposition.[50]
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (VECTOR) Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia One of two WHO-approved facilities for work on variola virus.[16]
National Institute for Communicable Diseases Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 2002 [51]
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea 2017 First BSL-4 Lab in South Korea
Public Health Agency of Sweden Solna, Stockholm County, Sweden 2001 The only BSL-4 facility in the Nordic region. Constructed for research and diagnostics of hemorrhagic fever viruses.[52]
University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland "Glove box" type laboratory; primarily for handling clinical samples.[53]
Spiez Laboratory Spiez, Canton of Bern, Switzerland 2013 Run by Federal Office for Civil Protection and the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports.[54]
Institute of Medical Virology Zurich, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland Part of the University of Zurich. Primary purpose is diagnostics of highly pathogenic viruses.[54]
Institute of Preventive Medicine National Defense University, Taiwan 1983 [55]
Francis Crick Institute Camden, Greater London, United Kingdom 2015 Has BSL-4 space but does not work on human pathogens.[56]
Public Health England's Centre for Infections Colindale, Greater London, United Kingdom Department of Health laboratory. Diagnostics for various viral diseases.[57] Part of the European Network of Biosafety-Level-4 Laboratories.[58]
National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill, Greater London, United Kingdom Medical Research Council laboratory. Research and diagnostics for highly pathogenic viruses. Closed in 2017 and work moved to the Francis Crick Institute. Site demolished in 2018. [57]
National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Department of Health and Home Office laboratory. Develop assays and reagents for research on virulent pathogens.[57]
Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs laboratory. Diagnostics and research for animal diseases.[57]
Institute for Animal Health Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council laboratory. Research on highly pathogenic animal diseases.[57]
Merial Animal Health Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom Private lab. Produces vaccines against foot and mouth disease and bluetongue disease.[57]
Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Department of Health laboratory. Diagnostics and research for haemorrhagic fever viruses.[57] Part of the European Network of Biosafety-Level-4 Laboratories.[58]
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Ministry of Defence laboratory. Focuses on protection from biological weapons.[57]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Diseases Fort Collins, Colorado, United States A BSL 3/4 facility that operates in connection with some of CSU's biomedical research programs. The Fort Collins, Colorado location specializes in arboviral and bacterial diseases.[59]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia, United States Currently operates in two buildings. One of two facilities in the world that officially hold smallpox.[16]
Georgia State University Atlanta, Georgia, United States 1997 Research focus on B virus.[60]
National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas, United States 2022 (expected) Under construction. Facility to be operated by the Department of Homeland Security, and replace the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. Expected to be operational by 2022–2023.[61]
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland, United States Located on the NIH Campus, it currently only operates with BSL-3 agents.[62]
Integrated Research Facility Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States Operated by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Focuses on animal models of human diseases.[63]
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States Operated by the Department of Homeland Security. Focus on potential bioterrorism threats.[64]
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States 1969 Run by the U.S. Army. Research focuses on biological threats to the U.S. military.[65][66]
National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory (NEIDL), Boston University Boston, Massachusetts, United States Built 2008, Opened 2012[67], BSL-4 Approval in 2017 [68] Focus on potential threats to public health.[69]
Rocky Mountain Laboratories Integrated Research Facility Hamilton, Montana, United States 2008 NIAID laboratory. Focus on vector-borne diseases.[70]
Galveston National Laboratory, National Biocontainment Facility Galveston, Texas, United States Opened in 2008, facility is operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch.[71]
Shope Laboratory Galveston, Texas, United States 2004 Operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch.[72]
Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, Texas, United States 1999 The only privately owned BSL-4 lab in the US.[73]
1 武汉本来就有个中科院分院，其中包括中科院病毒所，这算是内因吧。
2 据说这个p4是法国人帮建的，武汉早年曾有法租界，和法国关系比较密切，比如雪铁龙在湖北，这就姑且算外因吧。
估计肯定还有些经济、行政上的利益，我就不知道了。
特别简单，这种拉项目找投资安排音乐特长生红三代做所长的“国际机构”，如果放在深山老林，就没有它应该达到的效果了which is拉项目找投资安排红三代做所长，不能让红三代受委屈
参考中国的大熊猫保护项目
老外建议：野外设立保护基地
中国专家：在城市里设立熊猫保护基地
原因：老子刚上山下乡回城，才不要去荒山野岭受罪！
以上from刘仲敬
这是不知道马里兰在哪旮瘩吧？
你们北京有几个屁死啊？
理由2，我也想到了
靠谱
没有。你家附近有？
LOL 江夏近还是新疆近？
马里兰Bethesda不是农村，自己看看就知道，建病毒所肯能是因为nih在那边