Loss of sense of smell and taste may be one of the symptoms of Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. Bonn-based virologist Dr. Hendrik Streeck who is coordinating the blanket investigations in the area of Heinsberg , the town in North Rhine-Westphalia where the outbreak is concentrated in Germany for now, in an interview with Frankfurter Allgemeine , says he found this characteristic among patients who tested positive.
After infection "Of almost all the infected people we interviewed (and it is about a hundred, editor's note ), at least two thirds reported having lost their sense of smell and taste for several days - he says -. This absence is so strong that a mother was unable to smell the dirty diaper of her baby. Others no longer smelled their shampoo and the food was beginning to know nothing more. We cannot yet say exactly when these symptoms appear, but they arise immediately after the infection ».
Common diarrhea Among other symptoms identified, in addition to dry cough and fever, Dr. Streeck explains that he found a significant incidence of diarrhea, which was common in 30% of infected people. And this suggests that "the gastrointestinal tract can be attacked - he says - even if we don't know for sure. What we know is that the virus penetrates its host cell through the ACE-2 receptor: many tissue cells have this receptor and therefore could be attacked ".
Transient disorder? «In our patients we frequently see the symptoms of anosmia (alteration of smell, ed ) and dysgeusia (alteration of taste, ed ) - confirms Massimo Galli, full professor of infectious diseases at the University of Milan and head of the infectious diseases department III of the Sacco hospital - even in mild and moderate cases. Scientific observation data on this aspect are not yet available, I am talking about personal and my team's observations. Loss of taste and smell may also appear in other respiratory tract infections, but in Covid-19 it would appear more frequent and severe. At the moment we do not know if the disturbance is transient, that is, if with healing the sensitivity can be totally recovered. I can say with certainty - concludes Galli - that it is a symptom that appears towards the end of the infection, when the patient is recovering. It is certainly not an initial sign ». https://www.corriere.it/salute/malattie_infettive/20_marzo_17/coronavirus-sintomi-frequenti-perdita-gusto-olfatto-6d3b0932-6836-11ea-9725-c592292e4a85.shtml
另外有兴趣的可以读一下这个对意大利vs 德国 vs 韩国 以及意大利内部伦巴底vsVeneto的一些观点 这里面有一些维护伦巴底的态度 毕竟是米兰local 媒体 Why are the cases in Germany less than in Italy? Does our country have a progression of contagions equal to that of China? why in Veneto the epidemic progresses less than in Lombardy? Why are there so many infected in South Korea but few deaths? The variables of numbers The numbers and graphs with which we are familiarizing (often recently) say very visually, but little if the data from which they start are not understood; above all, the percentages often change in relation to the numbers taken into consideration. With the coronavirus epidemic, it is even "worse": we can and must make comparisons, but also make them with caution. We only think of the execution of the tampons and therefore of the count of total cases which is the basic figure on which all the counts relating to lethality and progression of the epidemic are based. In each country (although there are guidelines from the World Health Organization) the swabs were carried out with different and variable directives, often depending on the urgency of the moment and also according to the decisions taken by the crisis management centers in the various places. Lombardy like Wuhan? We take stock of the questions of the introduction and try not so much to explain the numbers in a scientific and definitive way, but to understand how they are born and how many variables are behind the calculations. A graph posted on Twitter by Silvia Merler, an Italian economist former member of the Brussels-based economic think thank Bruegel and currently Head of Research of the Algebris Policy & Research Forum, shows how the progression of the total cases recorded in Lombardy followed step by step the Wuhan progression. Average daily growth rate about + 48%. Why are we like China? Well, first of all, it would be perhaps to say "thank goodness", given that in Wuhan the restrictive measures were imposed on the 7th day since the beginning (declared) of the epidemic and were the total closure of millions of people at home. We introduced the most restrictive measures (throughout Lombardy) on the 16th day. Italy like Hubei? The whole of Italy shows a progression equal to that of the Chinese province of Hubei which was not as marked as in Wuhan, also here, it will depend on compliance with the measures. It is also true that both China and Italy at a certain point the criteria for tracking the positives changed (passing only to serious cases) and therefore the numbers also changed according to the day of introduction of this counting measure. Germany has fewer cases: really? And what about Germany? Last week, the question arose why he had no increase in cases comparable to the Italian one. In fact, if we look at the graph published on Twitter by Henrik Enderlein, German professor of Political Economy, we see how Germany has an almost perfectly equal progression to ours, only 8 days late (while we are 37 compared to China). The Veneto case And we come to the Veneto case: why in eight days Lombardy has multiplied the cases by seven times and the Veneto (even in the presence of an outbreak) "only" tripled? The Region's response involves the number of swabs made: up to Saturday in Veneto they had performed 14,429 tests, practically the same number as in Lombardy (15,578). Emilia, which is the third region for the number of tampons, was at 3,604. Another explanation could be the population density of the territories: Lombardy, in addition to having twice the population of Veneto (10.4 million against 4.9 million), had a red zone extended to ten municipalities. The expert's comment The explanations are many, confirms Paolo Bonanni, professor of Hygiene at the Department of Health Sciences of the University of Florence: «Certainly the size of the Lombard outbreak was very important, it was a large outbreak of which we had not noticed moreover, it had affected the hospitals. In Vò the Veneto municipality involved was very small and it was possible to carry out an epidemiological investigation and block people, it was a "secondary" outbreak. In the Lodi area, then, the work displacements were considerable. When the epidemic stops at the beginning with 0 patients it is easier. For example, the two Chinese tourists identified immediately and brought to Rome did not give rise to other infections because we were able to trace all the contact lines ». The «record» of swabs made The number of swabs, as we said, and the criteria with which they are made is important and determines other variables: in some countries they are also traced electronically with special apps, in South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore they have digital applications for contact tracing on smartphones for over a month, so in fact Korean swabs (and positives) are many compared to Italy. In a graph by Florian Krammer, a professor in the Department of Microbiology at Mount Sinai Hospital USA, we see how South Korea has the "record" of swabs for millions of people. In South Korea more cases and fewer deaths Is this the explanation for Korea's low lethality compared to other countries? Last week Korea was 0.7% and Italy 3.2%, closer to China's values: as we have seen, the number of swabs is an explanation but not the only one. In the case of lethality, the variables are also given by the percentage of elderly people in the country, by the type of health system and also by how the epidemic proceeds, given that in the first days of monitoring the United States had a lethality of 8.3 %. The curve So the numbers say a lot but not everything, surely what we have to keep in mind right now is the contagiousness of the coronavirus in Italy, because it is a factor that must be lowered by reducing contacts to a minimum and the curve of new positives. Regardless of the single numbers then, the curve tells us that the epidemic in Italy is growing, but each curve has a peak and a decrease as in China: we have to slow down the arrival of the peak and get to see the curve reverse the trend, with a stabilization and a descent. 看完了我的看法是意大利的确很不幸，有一些病毒传播的未知因素，也有最初的医院聚集传染精确打击老年人的因素。大家可以看意大利的数据，其实米兰城市人口多但是确诊病例远不如Bergamo Lodi两个hotspot。 年轻人的density是可以help 缓解一些困难的。武汉是爆发源头，这个不一样。 美国肯定会出现意大利式爆发，也会有局部出现伦巴底大区的爆发。前几周的CDC神操作延误导致了社区传播盲点，这是无可挽回的了。爆发的人群现在以及被感染，或者以及在和潜伏者密切接触了。 但是转机就在于能不能抓住到爆发前的这几天时间迅速set up更多的医疗资源，如何play the cards来应对。 大家保重 我对美国有信心 我就是对英国呵呵呵。。。。
一切都好
这两天不怎么看新闻了
因为发现一切预计到的情况都在发生
就更加难过
唯一没预料的就是已经2个月过去了，西方国家竟然连普通医用口罩都不能保证一人一个。
这东西根本没啥技术难题，石油化工副产品。随便什么食品厂卫生巾厂分分钟可以量产成千上万。
然并卵
哦 对 现在欧洲大陆没人再说口罩无用了。然而BBC还在睁着眼睛说瞎话，拿出一个特别小的那种美容院口罩说口罩没有用。嘿嘿。
昨天看到意大利罗马涅大区，有药店把本来50个一包卖的口腔科口罩拿出来一个一个卖。被罚款了。。。原因是不允许单独卖。当地人民非常愤怒，表示这样可以help更多人有啥不好= = 大家不要相信那些说什么口罩无用的。那些是傻子。欧洲人也知道口罩有用的。
今天接到几个英国同事的要求叫大家帮忙签petition，他们在NHS工作的朋友在呼吁帮助。（对了英国的这种petition不是傻乎乎的白宫请愿，而是的确有强制要求达到多少数量必须议会给答复/讨论之类的。）
The storm is coming.
一开始呼吁要控制传染源 武汉那个情况不能把人放回家里 要征用教室 limit food variety 保证基础必须供应
后来支持方舱shelter
再后来没想到西方世界垮在意大利北部这个点，垮在喜爱滑雪度假的爱好上
劝过很多人去囤货
我对西方政府保证supply chain的能力是有信心的。另外我个人随着西方国家慢慢意识到轻症放任的危害，后面的手段会好很多。大家最重要的就是熬过最初混乱/医生探索的阶段。很多药物的新闻我都觉得非常encouraging.
但是在形势恶化的最初两周 也就是刚刚开始social distance要求的时候出门是最危险的
1 大部分人去抢购聚集。欧洲这边西班牙意大利是超市限流，所以大家都乖乖门口一个一个排队，要排队很久。身体一般的，到了这时候正需要保存体力，如果需要出门排队真的很痛苦。
2 supply chain最艰难的时刻 需要adjust很多factor
3 大量隐形携带者还在潜伏期
一般来说2-3周之后，潜伏期的都爆出来了一大波，超市也渐渐恢复正常。
中西部乡下玉米地我住过，人不多，估计最后不会这么艰难。加州纽约这种人群聚集的地方，真的可能这种情况。
我建议如果你对自己zipcode没信心的话可以考虑
1 买便携椅子 放在车库 以后出门可以戴着扔后备箱 坐着排队
2 没车的 购物那种小trolly可以搞一个 有车的也可以考虑
3 没车的可以考虑买自行车 三轮车
关于囤货
1 囤一些可以easy cook的甚至开罐即食的食品。这个现在应该也不大好买。不过要囤一些，不用太多。你生病的时候，是没力气炒菜做饭的，能easy吃到嘴里的最好。
2 很多新冠患者都说没食欲，吃不下去饭，嘴巴发咸。现在的主流用药也都是会有肠胃不良反应的。囤一些糖果，巧克力，果汁，nutella这类甜的可以迅速补充generate大量能量的东西。
3 家里人口多的 准备一次性餐具。如果有人需要隔离，直接用一次性的。
4 准备好一个行李包可以随时拿着走人/去医院。思路类似产妇包。
5 坐下来讨论下，全家N口人，如果某一人出现症状之后其他人应该怎么办。N口应该有N个plan. 写下来。每个人的health condition写好中英文互译。如果你真的生病了，你最不想做的就是回答医生的一万个问题。。。
6 电子设备如果不大好用的。现在立刻order一个备用款。豆瓣有武汉人手机刚好这时候坏掉，真是。。。
7 买不到口罩的。床单 布料 松紧带 简易缝纫机走起。美国女性有缝纫hobby的很多，缝纫机特别好用，现在可以走起了。。。
Keep calm and carry on!
因为不是所有人都有chance呆家里的啊
比如我今天还不得不去政府单位办paperwork。。。咋整。。。没办法 必须去 = =
现在最有效的就是尽量不出门，同时尽量找点事情做，分散注意力，避免过度焦虑。
这帮人真是，武汉1月就用血泪学来的知识。他们现在才慢慢理解。。。
Loss of sense of smell and taste may be one of the symptoms of Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. Bonn-based virologist Dr. Hendrik Streeck who is coordinating the blanket investigations in the area of Heinsberg , the town in North Rhine-Westphalia where the outbreak is concentrated in Germany for now, in an interview with Frankfurter Allgemeine , says he found this characteristic among patients who tested positive.
After infection
"Of almost all the infected people we interviewed (and it is about a hundred, editor's note ), at least two thirds reported having lost their sense of smell and taste for several days - he says -. This absence is so strong that a mother was unable to smell the dirty diaper of her baby. Others no longer smelled their shampoo and the food was beginning to know nothing more. We cannot yet say exactly when these symptoms appear, but they arise immediately after the infection ».
Common diarrhea
Among other symptoms identified, in addition to dry cough and fever, Dr. Streeck explains that he found a significant incidence of diarrhea, which was common in 30% of infected people. And this suggests that "the gastrointestinal tract can be attacked - he says - even if we don't know for sure. What we know is that the virus penetrates its host cell through the ACE-2 receptor: many tissue cells have this receptor and therefore could be attacked ".
Transient disorder?
«In our patients we frequently see the symptoms of anosmia (alteration of smell, ed ) and dysgeusia (alteration of taste, ed ) - confirms Massimo Galli, full professor of infectious diseases at the University of Milan and head of the infectious diseases department III of the Sacco hospital - even in mild and moderate cases. Scientific observation data on this aspect are not yet available, I am talking about personal and my team's observations. Loss of taste and smell may also appear in other respiratory tract infections, but in Covid-19 it would appear more frequent and severe. At the moment we do not know if the disturbance is transient, that is, if with healing the sensitivity can be totally recovered. I can say with certainty - concludes Galli - that it is a symptom that appears towards the end of the infection, when the patient is recovering. It is certainly not an initial sign ».
https://www.corriere.it/salute/malattie_infettive/20_marzo_17/coronavirus-sintomi-frequenti-perdita-gusto-olfatto-6d3b0932-6836-11ea-9725-c592292e4a85.shtml
bless
这种时候公民社会的力量会显示出来的。少斗嘴皮子，在社区中做点自己能做的事情，可以分散压力，减少忧虑
这两天，同样是大城市，比如都是当地时间晚上6点左右，同样是繁华热闹的街道，同样的200-300米的长度下，同时在镜头下的，
英国大概100多号人闲逛，真的是闲逛
荷兰大概20多个，
纽约差不都也20多个，
意大利2,3个
西班牙5,6个
实在觉得无语
不会吧？不看武汉的教训我信，不看意大利和欧洲的教训我不信。
哎？求链接？我只有雪场的live cam，哪里都没人。。。。
明明是WHO蒙蔽了全世界，害死无数人，应该血债血偿。
当然还要bless楼主。
我常看的几个EarthCam，skylinewebcams，webcamtaxi，这几个我这边基本没有延迟
意大利有很多三世同堂的住在一起，相互传染非常严重，这个跟武汉比较像。美国没有这个情况。
意大利是西方最像中国的国家
能问问梅干茶泡饭mm是做什么工作的么（记者？）？因为我读过你之前关于欧洲的帖子，我觉得你简直是预言帝。你咋做到的？