I. Respiratory Specimens A. Lower respiratory tract Bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal aspirate Collect 2-3 mL into a sterile, leak-proof, screw-cap sputum collection cup or sterile dry container. Refrigerate specimen at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack.
Sputum Have the patient rinse the mouth with water and then expectorate deep cough sputum directly into a sterile, leak-proof, screw-cap sputum collection cup or sterile dry container. Refrigerate specimen at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack.
B. Upper respiratory tract Nasopharyngeal swab AND oropharyngeal swab (NP/OP swab) Use only synthetic fiber swabs with plastic shafts. Do not use calcium alginate swabs or swabs with wooden shafts, as they may contain substances that inactivate some viruses and inhibit PCR testing. Place swabs immediately into sterile tubes containing 2-3 ml of viral transport media. NP and OP specimens should be kept in separate vials. Refrigerate specimen at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack.
Nasopharyngeal swab: Insert a swab into the nostril parallel to the palate. Leave the swab in place for a few seconds to absorb secretions. Oropharyngeal swab (e.g., throat swab): Swab the posterior pharynx, avoiding the tongue.
Nasopharyngeal wash/aspirate or nasal aspirate Collect 2-3 mL into a sterile, leak-proof, screw-cap sputum collection cup or sterile dry container. Refrigerate specimen at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack.
II. Shipping Specimens PUI’s must be packaged, shipped, and transported according to the current edition of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulationsexternal icon. Store specimens at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack. If a specimen is frozen at -70°C ship overnight to CDC on dry ice. Additional useful and detailed information on packing, shipping, and transporting specimens can be found at Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Handling and Processing Specimens Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
回复 1楼silverblade的帖子 Dr.E Oregon52m ago I am an infectious disease practitioner. We are desperate. We have less than three weeks of masks left, and about as many gloves. We can’t order more. Other hospitals only have days of needed equipment. This is chaos of the greatest magnitude. We don’t have enough testing kits. Every lab we have spoken to laughs at Pence and his 1 million tests by the end of the week. We simply can’t do it. What is our government DOING. This is exponentially increasing EVERYWHERE in the US. The reason more cases haven’t been found is we don’t have tests!!!We reached critical triage today with a single open ICU bed, no floor beds and our nurses are calling out sick with respiratory illness. We can’t even test them to see what they might have so they are safe to treat patients. By the time the government gets a clue we are going to be dealing with people dying because we have no supplies and no space.You can threaten to use war powers all you like, but it can’t fix that we simply don’t have the capacity in the US to make the masks or the gloves. Let alone the medicine. Do people realize the critical emergency this is?!
I am an infectious disease practitioner. We are desperate. We have less than three weeks of masks left, and about as many gloves. We can’t order more. Other hospitals only have days of needed equipment. This is chaos of the greatest magnitude. We don’t have enough testing kits. Every lab we have spoken to laughs at Pence and his 1 million tests by the end of the week. We simply can’t do it. What is our government DOING. This is exponentially increasing EVERYWHERE in the US. The reason more cases haven’t been found is we don’t have tests!!!We reached critical triage today with a single open ICU bed, no floor beds and our nurses are calling out sick with respiratory illness. We can’t even test them to see what they might have so they are safe to treat patients. By the time the government gets a clue we are going to be dealing with people dying because we have no supplies and no space.You can threaten to use war powers all you like, but it can’t fix that we simply don’t have the capacity in the US to make the masks or the gloves. Let alone the medicine. Do people realize the critical emergency this is?! silverblade 发表于 3/4/2020 1:10:40 PM
是啊。唉
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/02/us/politics/coronavirus-testing.html
而且是免费
https://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-does-coronavirus-treatment-cost-cdc-health-insurance-2020-2
I. Respiratory Specimens
A. Lower respiratory tract
Bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal aspirate
Collect 2-3 mL into a sterile, leak-proof, screw-cap sputum collection cup or sterile dry container. Refrigerate specimen at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack.
Sputum
Have the patient rinse the mouth with water and then expectorate deep cough sputum directly into a sterile, leak-proof, screw-cap sputum collection cup or sterile dry container. Refrigerate specimen at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack.
B. Upper respiratory tract
Nasopharyngeal swab AND oropharyngeal swab (NP/OP swab)
Use only synthetic fiber swabs with plastic shafts. Do not use calcium alginate swabs or swabs with wooden shafts, as they may contain substances that inactivate some viruses and inhibit PCR testing. Place swabs immediately into sterile tubes containing 2-3 ml of viral transport media. NP and OP specimens should be kept in separate vials. Refrigerate specimen at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack.
Nasopharyngeal swab: Insert a swab into the nostril parallel to the palate. Leave the swab in place for a few seconds to absorb secretions.
Oropharyngeal swab (e.g., throat swab): Swab the posterior pharynx, avoiding the tongue.
Nasopharyngeal wash/aspirate or nasal aspirate
Collect 2-3 mL into a sterile, leak-proof, screw-cap sputum collection cup or sterile dry container. Refrigerate specimen at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack.
II. Shipping
Specimens PUI’s must be packaged, shipped, and transported according to the current edition of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulationsexternal icon. Store specimens at 2-8°C and ship overnight to CDC on ice pack. If a specimen is frozen at -70°C ship overnight to CDC on dry ice. Additional useful and detailed information on packing, shipping, and transporting specimens can be found at Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Handling and Processing Specimens Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Urgent care很多人不愿去,排队很耗时间。去一趟半天就没有了。我们只有孩子发烧不舒服了,才会去urgent care,主要是想让医生检查一下,心里放心。如果大人自己感冒发烧是不会去的,去了也没什么大用。新冠这个是不能去urgent care的。urgent care处理不了。必须事先打好电话,让医院做好防护准备。这个是按照emergency来扣钱的。
五毛你好
Ur不是Er 你们同事都很你一样无知 还大言不惭 无知无畏
这个是楼上的链接里讲的。如果你发烧了,想要按照新冠的程序来处理,是很贵的,是急诊的费用,不是urgent care。
Coronavirus testing is free, but the hospital trip may set you back thousands.
https://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-does-coronavirus-treatment-cost-cdc-health-insurance-2020-2
如果你怀疑自己是新冠,会被当成Er来处理,不是Ur。Ur只能例行处理一些小毛病,能力很有限。去了Ur,如果Ur的医生发现你的情况不能例行处理,会将你转到Er去。
为啥天一热就没事?病毒在体内36-37度呆的挺好的,繁殖力很旺盛。为啥总以为天热就没事?
新闻说,纽约的新冠测试和就诊费用,病人部分的都免除。真是好消息啊。看来纽约政府已经意识到了这个漏洞。
其实不需要拼基因。我姐告诉我,土霉素,很便宜,对新冠轻症效果很好。中国已经批准了使用。但是我在美国,用不上啊。但愿过一阵子,美国医院能够改善治疗方案,不要像现在一样让轻症全部硬熬。
希望美国医生赶快获取中国医生的经验。治疗新冠轻症并不难,费用很低,可以有效避免转成重症。但是现在美国医生将新冠当成流感来对付,轻症不治疗,这不对路。
那你更不应该这么着急了,囤土霉素就行了
在美国怎么囤处方药?也许我应该让国内的人给我寄
聪明如你,这么简单的办法都想不出来吗
谁说的,美国第一例从武汉回西雅图的输入型新冠病人就是怀疑自己新冠1月19日去urgent care看病时诊所医生做了快速检查排除流感病毒可能后,根据该病人的旅行史立即通报当地和本州卫生管理机构。华盛顿州的卫生健康部门会同这个医生立即向CDC汇报征得同意后就为这个病人取样本送CDC测试新冠。病人当天回家隔离,第二天(1月20日)CDC确认结果阳性后这个病人才住进了正规医院隔离病房。
这哥们咳了四天才去医院,还在候诊室呆了20分钟,不知道传染了多少人。看得我更加不敢去医院了。
怎么在美国搞到土霉素,或者柯立芝,你给我说说。我不知道怎么下手弄这些。
医生只会根据你的病情来开药,非常保守,不会根据你的要求开药的。保险公司那边过不了。你吃药出了问题,医生也不想承担那个责任。你直接进医院,要求开柯立芝,门都没有。
说老实话和Urgent Care比,去ER可能等的时间更长传染病人更多。现在这个时候去看病一定有被感染的危险,所以你应该少自己每天吓唬自己,有轻微的流感症状就多休息、喝水,吃退烧药。你每天发那么多帖制造恐慌,现在把自己吓得发烧,最后说不定不得不去医院测新冠。不管你发帖的目的是什么,把自己折腾病了值得吗?
这玩意离开人体存活时间很短,在人体上没事,离开人体后天气越热死的越快,超没活性。非典就是这样消失的,拜托气候的功劳。
你这也信,双黄连要不要来一份?
妹子去吧 , 医生可以测一下你是不是流感 , 很简单的
有保险急诊也不贵啊
必须上凉茶
胡说八道。没有特效药,不等于医院没有用。新冠需要的吸氧,插管,防止免疫风暴的调控药是你在家搞得定的?不检查怎么知道自己是感冒,还是细菌性肺炎,还是新冠?这些的治疗方法完全不同。感冒回家歇着OTC药搞定,细菌性肺炎吃抗生素,新冠得密切观察,不对劲就得上氧气。医生应该很容易区别出这几种病症,普通人分得出来个屁。
废话。你发个屁烧就要人给你测新冠。美国每天有几百万人发烧,都让医院免费给你送救护车,用医疗设备?不是医生要求测的,除了测试费免除因为政府包了,其它费用本来就得你付。
不检测,稀里糊涂的,也不是个事呀
今天退烧了。谢天谢地。其实就算我想测新冠,也不会给测。每个州每天只能测几个人,轮不上。
据说在重灾区西雅图,有了新冠的症状也不给测
什么都比不上CDC采取正确措施。如果一开始CDC就采取正确措施,美国根本就不会有社区感染。
这政治不正确啊,每个人都努力活着有什么不对吗?穷人笨人不配活着?
正确啊 每个国家的政府都希望这样的人越少越好
他们有权利活着
美国政府提供条件帮助他们活的更好
中国政府是不帮助他们
但造就了两个极端吧
美国穷人越穷越吸毒
中国穷人越穷越勤劳
power of attorney在医院里有需要也可以跟医护要求填。
能救命、有奇效、异常昂贵--这是ECMO的常见标签。在诸多临床故事中,ECMO却又使病患家属陷入两难,情感上给予希望,经济上使人崩溃;更有约束力的是,应急救命的ECMO,全国存量只有约400台左右(不计港澳台),支援湖北有赖于全国的协调支持。
ECMO常在重症治疗和ICU中露脸,被看作目前能用的终极手段,是和死神之间最后一道防线。到那份上,就是用钱来换取生存机会了。
该系统主要包括血液驱动泵(通常为离心泵)及匹配的一次性耗材,耗材有血液管路(套包)、膜式氧合器、泵头、插管(用以血液引流和回输)及各类接头等。此外,辅助设备有调节体温的变温水箱、调节氧浓度的空氧混合仪,以及血氧饱和度、压力、温度传感器等监测设备。
ECMO的运行逻辑,就是通过血泵代替心脏,膜肺代替肺,将血液持续运输到人体,维持各个器官运转,维持生命。相比其他体外循环产品,能对心肺功能衰竭的患者进行长时间心肺支持,为治疗和恢复提供更长时间。
传统床旁使用的ECMO,采购价格大概100多万元,移动设备价格更高些,并不属于昂贵的医疗设备,然而专用耗材昂贵。
传统的体外循环用膜肺,进口产品单价约5000元左右,且大部分耗材基本实现国产化;ECMO所用的膜肺以及其他耗材,需要生物相容性的涂层技术,避免血液脱离体外长时间运行产生血栓,不产生血浆渗漏,材料会贵很多,且全部依赖进口。
ECMO产品的供应商主要有三家,分别是美国美敦力、德国索林和德国迈维柯。
常说的启动4万-6万元,启动费用指的主要是一个套包的耗材费用,其中包含离心泵头、管道和膜肺。套包是可以持续使用的,每天1万-2万的费用,主要是ICU、用药、监测设备的费用。实际临床上,具体情况差异很大,最理想的是有十几万就能撤机,实际平均花销要高出不少。
比如,昂贵的套包使用天数不定,一旦出现血栓或血浆渗漏等情况,可能要重新换一整个套包,有些临床才数天,就会出现血栓,必须更换套包。孙凯解释,患者常臆测更换是医院希望多收费,其实院方不希望出现问题,只是现有技术无法避免。
ECMO同时是一门医疗技术,操作管理要求非常高,有一个学习曲线和过程,早期局限心脏外科,这也是厂商服务的重心,向呼吸、重症等科室推广,团队的培训、磨合和管理是全新起步。
此外,ECMO还要组织专业团队予以支持,一般需要有心脏外科或大血管外科,体外循环、心脏重症、呼吸重症等专业支持,并集结超声、影像、检验等多个专业参与。
上了ECMO,要全员全线支持,这又是一笔费用。比如ECMO要血液抗凝,可能增加出血风险,也会因为四肢灌注不佳,有截肢风险,如果脑部保护不够,患者会有脑损伤,医护团队必须24小时严密监护,一旦有意外,快速决策治疗方案。
即便如此,中国ECMO的使用价格,在全球仍然相对较低。有研究统计了加拿大安大略省550个病人的ECMO花销,平均为130157加元(约68万元人民币),最低58645加元(约30万元人民币),最高则是240763加元(约126万元人民币)。
客观上,这要归功于国内低廉的医疗服务价格以及医务人员的付出。
你觉得这是编的?
你不想去医院检查是你自己的事情,你怎么变成大多数新冠病人的代表了呢?太以偏概全了吧。。。
还有,天价账单,你都没去过医院怎么知道是天价账单呢?
最后,新冠肺炎如果想说是流感就是流感,想说不人传人就不人传人的话,纸就可以包住火,武汉也就不可能封城啦。
即使编故事,讲道理,一定要逻辑自洽,符合事实。否则真的有说不完的漏洞。
床铺说新冠低风险,跟流感一样。股市在暴涨。这一切都不是真实的情况。连Oregon的医院都已经困难成这样了,可想而知西雅图的情况,新冠是可以控制住的,韩国的新增病例开始下降了。中国的新增病例早就开始下降。新冠是可以控制的,但前提是政府和群众必须面对现实,尊重科学,采取措施。