2. 改变Ph值。 变酸，变碱理论上都可以让蛋白变性。 实际生活中，的确有文献提到低浓度的柠檬酸(citrate acid 1% 2%)和酒精组合杀病毒，效果会更好（下面讲酒精杀病毒的时候还会提到） 3. 使用化学变性剂 生化实验中，尿素和盐酸胍是大名鼎鼎的变性剂。生活中，最常见的就是两类：氯化物和乙醇类。 A) . 氯化物 这个可能是一部分商用消毒湿纸巾或者喷雾（不是100%肯定）的有效成分。 譬如Lysol的wipes，介绍中明确有些可以针对冠状病毒(human coronavirus)，其他一些品牌大家留意instruction，或许也有类似标注。 Lysol wipes: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Human Coronavirus Influenza A Virus Respiratory Syncytial Virus
B) . 乙醇/酒精 Ethanol可以使得蛋白结构改变，这个是已知的，也是用ethanol杀毒的原理所在。讨论的重点是，什么样的浓度能有效杀死病毒。70%， 75%的ethanol是最常用的消毒浓度，这个消毒是广义的，针对的对象的包括各种治病微生物。楼里贴了不少帖子说明了75%的浓度是广谱杀菌的较好选择，太高的浓度可能会有负作用，影响效果。这些对细菌来说是很有道理的。 但回到我们的主题 --- 病毒，冠状病毒，或者以后可能出现的其他治病病毒。细菌和病毒之间还是稍稍有区别的。用高浓度ethanol对杀死细菌来说的负作用，对病毒来说就小多了。 找到了这个课题的一篇很好的综述文章，2018年的，见下面的链接。 总体来说，浓度高的杀毒效果更好一些。80%的Ethanol对所有21个测试里的enveloped 病毒，在30秒内就非常有效。冠状病毒是被分类为enveloped virus的。有一些病毒是很顽固的，譬如80%的ethanol没法有效杀死 poliovirus, calicivirus (FCV), polyomavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)，浓度到95%基本上灭到了临床已知的治病病毒。综述中也提到了加额外的酸可以显著的提高杀毒效果，即便在低浓度下。 谢谢大家楼里的讨论，让我也有机会看了相关的知识。我个人的选择会用80%的ethanol针对目前的大敌。 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28882643 Ethanol is used worldwide in healthcare facilities for hand rubbing. It has been reported to have a stronger and broader virucidal activity compared with propanols. The aim of this review was to describe the spectrum of virucidal activity of ethanol in solution or as commercially available products. A systematic search was conducted. Studies were selected when they contained original data on reduction of viral infectivity from suspension tests (49 studies) and contaminated hands (17 studies). Ethanol at 80% was highly effective against all 21 tested, enveloped viruses within 30 s. Murine norovirus and adenovirus type 5 are usually inactivated by ethanol between 70% and 90% in 30 s whereas poliovirus type 1 was often found to be too resistant except for ethanol at 95% (all test viruses of EN 14476). Ethanol at 80% is unlikely to be sufficiently effective against poliovirus, calicivirus (FCV), polyomavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The spectrum of virucidal activity of ethanol at 95%, however, covers the majority of clinically relevant viruses. Additional acids can substantially improve the virucidal activity of ethanol at lower concentrations against, e.g. poliovirus, FCV, polyomavirus and FMDV although selected viruses such as HAV may still be too resistant. The selection of a suitable virucidal hand rub should be based on the viruses most prevalent in a unit and on the user acceptability of the product under frequent-use conditions.
补充一个： 大家买乙醇/酒精的时候经常会看到旁边有isopropyl alcohol 异丙醇 IPA 这个很多时候也可以做消毒用。但对于冠状病毒，不建议买这个，直接买乙醇更好。 因为，异丙醇对杀死nonlipid virus效果不好，而冠状病毒是non lipid virus。 证据来自CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/disinfection-methods/chemical.html Ethyl alcohol, at concentrations of 60%–80%, is a potent virucidal agent inactivating all of the lipophilic viruses (e.g., herpes, vaccinia, and influenza virus) and many hydrophilic viruses (e.g., adenovirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus, and rotaviruses but not hepatitis A virus (HAV) 58 or poliovirus) 49. Isopropyl alcohol is not active against the nonlipid enteroviruses but is fully active against the lipid viruses 72.
2. 改变Ph值。 变酸，变碱理论上都可以让蛋白变性。 实际生活中，的确有文献提到低浓度的柠檬酸(citrate acid 1% 2%)和酒精组合杀病毒，效果会更好（下面讲酒精杀病毒的时候还会提到） 3. 使用化学变性剂 生化实验中，尿素和盐酸胍是大名鼎鼎的变性剂。生活中，最常见的就是两类：氯化物和乙醇类。 A) . 氯化物 这个可能是一部分商用消毒湿纸巾或者喷雾（不是100%肯定）的有效成分。 譬如Lysol的wipes，介绍中明确有些可以针对冠状病毒(human coronavirus)，其他一些品牌大家留意instruction，或许也有类似标注。 Lysol wipes: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Human Coronavirus Influenza A Virus Respiratory Syncytial Virus
B) . 乙醇/酒精 Ethanol可以使得蛋白结构改变，这个是已知的，也是用ethanol杀毒的原理所在。讨论的重点是，什么样的浓度能有效杀死病毒。70%， 75%的ethanol是最常用的消毒浓度，这个消毒是广义的，针对的对象的包括各种治病微生物。楼里贴了不少帖子说明了75%的浓度是广谱杀菌的较好选择，太高的浓度可能会有负作用，影响效果。这些对细菌来说是很有道理的。 但回到我们的主题 --- 病毒，冠状病毒，或者以后可能出现的其他治病病毒。细菌和病毒之间还是稍稍有区别的。用高浓度ethanol对杀死细菌来说的负作用，对病毒来说就小多了。 找到了这个课题的一篇很好的综述文章，2018年的，见下面的链接。 总体来说，浓度高的杀毒效果更好一些。80%的Ethanol对所有21个测试里的enveloped 病毒，在30秒内就非常有效。冠状病毒是被分类为enveloped virus的。有一些病毒是很顽固的，譬如80%的ethanol没法有效杀死 poliovirus, calicivirus (FCV), polyomavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)，浓度到95%基本上灭到了临床已知的治病病毒。综述中也提到了加额外的酸可以显著的提高杀毒效果，即便在低浓度下。 谢谢大家楼里的讨论，让我也有机会看了相关的知识。我个人的选择会用80%的ethanol针对目前的大敌。 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28882643 Ethanol is used worldwide in healthcare facilities for hand rubbing. It has been reported to have a stronger and broader virucidal activity compared with propanols. The aim of this review was to describe the spectrum of virucidal activity of ethanol in solution or as commercially available products. A systematic search was conducted. Studies were selected when they contained original data on reduction of viral infectivity from suspension tests (49 studies) and contaminated hands (17 studies). Ethanol at 80% was highly effective against all 21 tested, enveloped viruses within 30 s. Murine norovirus and adenovirus type 5 are usually inactivated by ethanol between 70% and 90% in 30 s whereas poliovirus type 1 was often found to be too resistant except for ethanol at 95% (all test viruses of EN 14476). Ethanol at 80% is unlikely to be sufficiently effective against poliovirus, calicivirus (FCV), polyomavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The spectrum of virucidal activity of ethanol at 95%, however, covers the majority of clinically relevant viruses. Additional acids can substantially improve the virucidal activity of ethanol at lower concentrations against, e.g. poliovirus, FCV, polyomavirus and FMDV although selected viruses such as HAV may still be too resistant. The selection of a suitable virucidal hand rub should be based on the viruses most prevalent in a unit and on the user acceptability of the product under frequent-use conditions.
Check out the fresh new look of Clorox® Disinfecting Wipes. It’s the same Clorox® product you love, in a bold new package. Talk about a multi-tasking clean-it-all. Our Clorox® Disinfecting Wipes remove germs, bacteria, kitchen grease and countless other nasties you find lurking in your home.
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*Human Coronavirus, Influenza A2 Virus If you can find it, the Lysol labeled “Lysol Citrus Scent Antibacterial Kitchen Cleaner II: is approved by the EPA for it's ability to kill the SARS Coronavirus. Therefore, it may be effective at killing Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan China.
Check out the fresh new look of Clorox® Disinfecting Wipes. It’s the same Clorox® product you love, in a bold new package. Talk about a multi-tasking clean-it-all. Our Clorox® Disinfecting Wipes remove germs, bacteria, kitchen grease and countless other nasties you find lurking in your home.
• Kills 99.9% of germs that can live on surfaces for up to 48 hours • Kills 99.9% of Viruses* and Bacteria • Kills Staph, E. coli, Salmonella, Strep
*Human Coronavirus, Influenza A2 Virus If you can find it, the Lysol labeled “Lysol Citrus Scent Antibacterial Kitchen Cleaner II: is approved by the EPA for it's ability to kill the SARS Coronavirus. Therefore, it may be effective at killing Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan China.
主题：KILL VIRUS -- 如何有效的杀死体外残留的病毒（冠状病毒） 冠状病毒的结构简单“巧妙”，外面一层自组织的蛋白包裹层，里面是一个单链核酸RNA。核酸在体外不是很稳定，尤其是RNA，很容易被降解的。所以杀死冠状病毒主要就是破环外面的蛋白包裹层。通常可以通过改变蛋白质所处的物理化学条件来改变蛋白质的结构，让蛋白活性丧失，这个过程叫蛋白质变性(protein denaturation)。各种让蛋白变性的手段也基本上对应于杀死冠状病毒的方法。
1. 改变温度。高温。 这个目前专家建议是摄氏56度 30分钟可以有效让蛋白失活，杀死冠状病毒。
2. 改变Ph值。 变酸，变碱理论上都可以让蛋白变性。 实际生活中，的确有文献提到低浓度的柠檬酸(citrate acid 1% 2%)和酒精组合杀病毒，效果会更好（下面讲酒精杀病毒的时候还会提到）
3. 使用化学变性剂 生化实验中，尿素和盐酸胍是大名鼎鼎的变性剂。生活中，最常见的就是两类：氯化物和乙醇类。 A) . 氯化物 这个可能是一部分商用消毒湿纸巾或者喷雾（不是100%肯定）的有效成分。 譬如Lysol的wipes，介绍中明确有些可以针对冠状病毒(human coronavirus)，其他一些品牌大家留意instruction，或许也有类似标注。 Lysol wipes: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Human Coronavirus Influenza A Virus Respiratory Syncytial Virus
B) . 乙醇/酒精 Ethanol可以使得蛋白结构改变，这个是已知的，也是用ethanol杀毒的原理所在。讨论的重点是，什么样的浓度能有效杀死病毒。70%， 75%的ethanol是最常用的消毒浓度，这个消毒是广义的，针对的对象的包括各种治病微生物。楼里贴了不少帖子说明了75%的浓度是广谱杀菌的较好选择，太高的浓度可能会有负作用，影响效果。这些对细菌来说是很有道理的。
但回到我们的主题 --- 病毒，冠状病毒，或者以后可能出现的其他治病病毒。细菌和病毒之间还是稍稍有区别的。用高浓度ethanol对杀死细菌来说的负作用，对病毒来说就小多了。 找到了这个课题的一篇很好的综述文章，2018年的，见下面的链接。
总体来说，浓度高的杀毒效果更好一些。80%的Ethanol对所有21个测试里的enveloped 病毒，在30秒内就非常有效。冠状病毒是被分类为enveloped virus的。有一些病毒是很顽固的，譬如80%的ethanol没法有效杀死 poliovirus, calicivirus (FCV), polyomavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)，浓度到95%基本上灭到了临床已知的治病病毒。综述中也提到了加额外的酸可以显著的提高杀毒效果，即便在低浓度下。 谢谢大家楼里的讨论，让我也有机会看了相关的知识。我个人的选择会用80%的ethanol针对目前的大敌。
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28882643
Ethanol is used worldwide in healthcare facilities for hand rubbing. It has been reported to have a stronger and broader virucidal activity compared with propanols. The aim of this review was to describe the spectrum of virucidal activity of ethanol in solution or as commercially available products. A systematic search was conducted. Studies were selected when they contained original data on reduction of viral infectivity from suspension tests (49 studies) and contaminated hands (17 studies). Ethanol at 80% was highly effective against all 21 tested, enveloped viruses within 30 s. Murine norovirus and adenovirus type 5 are usually inactivated by ethanol between 70% and 90% in 30 s whereas poliovirus type 1 was often found to be too resistant except for ethanol at 95% (all test viruses of EN 14476). Ethanol at 80% is unlikely to be sufficiently effective against poliovirus, calicivirus (FCV), polyomavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The spectrum of virucidal activity of ethanol at 95%, however, covers the majority of clinically relevant viruses. Additional acids can substantially improve the virucidal activity of ethanol at lower concentrations against, e.g. poliovirus, FCV, polyomavirus and FMDV although selected viruses such as HAV may still be too resistant. The selection of a suitable virucidal hand rub should be based on the viruses most prevalent in a unit and on the user acceptability of the product under frequent-use conditions.
这个系列有讨论： SARS貌似能在体外不解体的存活一段时间。
https://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=2496664&forumpage=1
也有的，就是浓度低一点而已
我遇到过一个爱喝酒的老头说，你们亚洲人喜欢把细菌病毒烧死（泡茶），我们喜欢用fermentation杀他们（酿酒）。其实他不知道我们也有酒酿
我不是酒鬼哦，但有时候喉咙不舒服，什么药都吃了的时候，偶尔喝一口也是会有用的
好像有的咳嗽药水也含一点这个的
我觉得你两者都可以的
lz可能更在行
酒精比水挥发快，96%的在干掉的过程中有一段时间是75%
病毒是个很脆弱的东西，大家不用过度恐慌，它在体外很容易被杀死的
它只是很聪明，会利用我们的细胞而已
baby在隔壁说了，你擦了肯定比不擦好...
表白头像，最爱狸花猫。昨天已经表白过楼上狸花头像了
Disinfecting Wipes₁
(27621 reviews, 4.8 of 5)
Check out the fresh new look of Clorox® Disinfecting Wipes. It’s the same Clorox® product you love, in a bold new package. Talk about a multi-tasking clean-it-all. Our Clorox® Disinfecting Wipes remove germs, bacteria, kitchen grease and countless other nasties you find lurking in your home.
• Kills 99.9% of germs that can live on surfaces for up to 48 hours
• Kills 99.9% of Viruses* and Bacteria
• Kills Staph, E. coli, Salmonella, Strep
*Human Coronavirus, Influenza A2 Virus
If you can find it, the Lysol labeled “Lysol Citrus Scent Antibacterial Kitchen Cleaner II: is approved by the EPA for it's ability to kill the SARS Coronavirus. Therefore, it may be effective at killing Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan China.
又一个没脑的
太好了 CLOROX的有效成分可能更Lysol wipes是一样的，都是某类氯化物
那两个商业品牌都标注了可以杀死冠状病毒
96%乙醇太容易挥发了 我自己会稀释成80%
貌似这个冠状病毒对醇类还是挺敏感的，70%的IPA异丙醇也有效果 所以大家不必担心
🥰
lysol disinfecting spray, whose package specifically says it can kill SARS coronavirus
both of them contain dimethyl enzyl ammonium chloride
Purell hand sanitizer contains 70% ethyl alcohol