In the heyday of their independence, most of the tribe’s males and some females had traditionally conducted a vision quest, or hanbleceya around the time of the onset of puberty. One by one, they were expected to forsake the safe haven of their families, often for the first time in their lives, and to brave the unknown of open country. Ideally, they remained isolated until, in an induced altered state of consciousness brought on by fear, fasting, thirst, stress, and faith something extraordinary would happen to them, they experienced a flash of insight. This introspection revealed a highly personal mandate for adulthood, an identity, and was an event of unparalleled importance in charting the course of their lives. If, in later years, a reconfirmation was desired, or if circumstances changed, a second hanbleceya might be sought via a sun dance or other ritual. The significance within their culture of the act of vision-seeking predicted to some degree the Lakota’s eventual acceptance of alcohol, which seemed to offer a more efficient and less painful route to altered consciousness. Used to seeking and then trusting the validity of a dreamlike state, some Lakota males found the early effects of inebriation appealing. 有个问题是问作者为什么提到hanbleceya,然后有一个选项是说indicate how Lakota cultural practices interacted with innate psychological predisposition to lead to the Lakota's eventual acceptance of alcohol and drinking rituals.
I think the major problem with the statement is on "innate psychological predisposition". There is no "innate psychological predisposition" per se. Note that it is described as "to brave the unknown of open country" & "induced altered state of consciousness brought on by....(all sorts of unpleasant feelings)". Those unpleasant feelings, such as fear, are the exact opposite of "innate psychological predisposition".
I think the major problem with the statement is on "innate psychological predisposition". There is no "innate psychological predisposition" per se. Note that it is described as "to brave the unknown of open country" & "induced altered state of consciousness brought on by....(all sorts of unpleasant feelings)". Those unpleasant feelings, such as fear, are the exact opposite of "innate psychological predisposition".
spll 发表于 10/13/2016 5:31:54 PM
Why do you think fear or stress is the opposite of "innate psychological predisposition"? Fear and stress are as innate as any other psychological predisposition.
I think the major problem with the statement is on "innate psychological predisposition". There is no "innate psychological predisposition" per se. Note that it is described as "to brave the unknown of open country" & "induced altered state of consciousness brought on by....(all sorts of unpleasant feelings)". Those unpleasant feelings, such as fear, are the exact opposite of "innate psychological predisposition".
I think the major problem with the statement is on "innate psychological predisposition". There is no "innate psychological predisposition" per se. Note that it is described as "to brave the unknown of open country" & "induced altered state of consciousness brought on by....(all sorts of unpleasant feelings)". Those unpleasant feelings, such as fear, are the exact opposite of "innate psychological predisposition".
spll 发表于 10/13/2016 5:31:54 PM
人说的是interact with innate psychological predisposition, 这个没错啊,最后导致的是opposite of the innate.. ,但是这个过程的确是interact with innate。。。
Why do you think fear or stress is the opposite of "innate psychological predisposition"? Fear and stress are as innate as any other psychological predisposition.
BlueNDGold 发表于 10/13/2016 5:38:09 PM
It does make sense when you put it that way. However, when I first read it, my take was that the "innate psychological predisposition" dictates in a way that people would make choices leading to safety and comfort, as opposed to fear and stress. This tendency, IMO, is innate. But I see what you mean. I am no psychologist, and don't know how "innate predisposition" is defined. I think it'd be helpful if lz mm can post the correct answer.
In the heyday of their independence, most of the tribe’s males and some females had traditionally conducted a vision quest, or hanbleceya around the time of the onset of puberty. One by one, they were expected to forsake the safe haven of their families, often for the first time in their lives, and to brave the unknown of open country. Ideally, they remained isolated until, in an induced altered state of consciousness brought on by fear, fasting, thirst, stress, and faith something extraordinary would happen to them, they experienced a flash of insight. This introspection revealed a highly personal mandate for adulthood, an identity, and was an event of unparalleled importance in charting the course of their lives. If, in later years, a reconfirmation was desired, or if circumstances changed, a second hanbleceya might be sought via a sun dance or other ritual. The significance within their culture of the act of vision-seeking predicted to some degree the Lakota’s eventual acceptance of alcohol, which seemed to offer a more efficient and less painful route to altered consciousness. Used to seeking and then trusting the validity of a dreamlike state, some Lakota males found the early effects of inebriation appealing. 有个问题是问作者为什么提到hanbleceya,然后有一个选项是说indicate how Lakota cultural practices interacted with innate psychological predisposition to lead to the Lakota's eventual acceptance of alcohol and drinking rituals.
我感觉这个选项很对呀,印第安人要做vision quest,所以eventual accept alcohol,可是答案并不是这一个,为什么呢?
在没有另外选项的情况下,我觉得,作者提到vision quest的目的也不一定是为了说明lakota人最终接受酒精的必然性。这可能只是顺带一提罢了。
☆ 发自 iPhone 华人一网 1.11.08
I think the question is more literal.
问的问题是作者为什么提到hanbleceya。很明显提到hanbleceya是因为这是印第安人的原用词。
Why do you think fear or stress is the opposite of "innate psychological predisposition"? Fear and stress are as innate as any other psychological predisposition.
正确的答案是 describe one reason why the Lakota may have been attracted to alcohol, despite its sometimes negative or unpleasant effects
这个答案确实比那个要好一些,我也是选的这个,但是我想不出来第一个答案有什么明确的错误
人说的是interact with innate psychological predisposition, 这个没错啊,最后导致的是opposite of the innate.. ,但是这个过程的确是interact with innate。。。
看来我说的没错,问题就是那个predict v. Lead to 的区别
佩服.
It does make sense when you put it that way. However, when I first read it, my take was that the "innate psychological predisposition" dictates in a way that people would make choices leading to safety and comfort, as opposed to fear and stress. This tendency, IMO, is innate. But I see what you mean. I am no psychologist, and don't know how "innate predisposition" is defined.
I think it'd be helpful if lz mm can post the correct answer.
☆ 发自 iPhone 华人一网 1.11.08