Dominance: Heterogametic hybrids are affected by all X-linked alleles (be they recessive or dominant) causing incompatibilities due to divergent alleles being brought together. However, homogametic hybrids are only affected by dominant deleterious X-linked alleles. Heterogametic hybrids, which carry only a single copy of a given X-linked gene, will be affected by mutations regardless of dominance. Thus, an X-linked incompatibility between diverging populations is more likely to be expressed in the heterogametic sex than in the homogametic sex. The "faster male": Male genes are thought to evolve faster due to sexual selection.[6] As a result, male sterility becomes more evident in male heterogametic taxa (XY sex determination). This hypothesis conflicts with Haldane's rule in male homogametic taxa, in which females are more affected by hybrid inferiority. It therefore only applies to male sterility in taxa with XY sex determination, according to the composite theory. Meiotic drive: In hybrid populations, selfish genetic elements inactivate sperm cells (i.e.: an X-linked drive factor inactivates a Y-bearing sperm and vice versa). The "faster X": Genes on hemizygous chromosomes may evolve more quickly by enhancing selection on possible recessive alleles causing a larger effect in reproductive isolation.[8] Differential selection: Hybrid incompatibilities affecting the heterogametic sex and homogametic sex are fundamentally different isolating mechanisms, which makes heterogametic inferiority (sterility/inviability) more visible or preserved in nature.[7]
John Scott Haldane（血红蛋白） Scottish physician 2 May 1860 – 14/15 March 1936
John Burdon Sanderson Haldane 5 November 1892 – 1 December 1964 British scientist (基因学家）
Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane FRS (born 14 September 1951), is a British-born physicist who is currently the Sherman Fairchild University Professor of Physics at Princeton University. He is a co-recipient of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics, along with David J. Thouless and J. Michael Kosterlitz.
下面说了，军大以为我在闹着玩。
狮子，Lion，遇到母老虎，Tigress, 跨婚，有了混血小宝宝，叫 狮虎。Liger。
外嫁应该两性平等，也可以外娶。雄虎爱上母狮子，娃娃叫虎狮。Tigon.
不知道怎么搞的，男混血娃娃好像不育，女混血娃娃却可以。
于是雄狮和母狮虎， Lion + Liger = Liliger. 狮狮虎。
雄虎与母虎狮，Tiger + tigon = Titigon, 虎虎狮?
这些很多都已经在动物园里存在了。
问题1是，为什么混血雄宝宝不怎么生育？人类似乎没这个问题
问题2，这么排列组合下去，那些是可以的，那些不可以？Litigon, tiliger, .....
什么白猿是隐形基因，黑猿是显性基因，然后要怎么杂交几代再出个白猿什么的。
最后答案是要白猿跟自己的外孙女啥的交配。我们大呼，那不是乱伦吗。
男性表达的基因受两种类型的性选择（女性选择和男性-男性竞争）的影响，而女性表达的基因只受一种类型（女性选择）的影响。这种对雄性基因的选择压力增加将导致这些基因座的进化速度更快。 wuzh物种间交配对基因的压力是非常大的，大部分是不能存活的，能够存活的，也是有许多基因片段缺失或者错误，雄性基因被错误表达的几率更高 我是看了zipper的研究以后才知道人类为了研究这个Haldane's rule，做了许许多多杂交配种的实验，从昆虫到鸟类甚至到哺乳类，满震惊的
没造成后代繁殖问题因为染色体的数目都是46。
专门去Google这个Haldane's rule, 结果还跳出来2个结果：1个是Haldane's effect讲的血红蛋白传递二氧化碳，另一个是Haldane's model, 讲的是量子反霍尔效应。这几位研究的都是八竿子打不着的方向
if in a species hybrid only one sex is inviable or sterile, that sex is more likely to be the heterogametic sex
也就是说跨物种交配，后代是雄性的可能性更大，而且因为"faster male"和 "differential selection" 现象， 所以没有后代的后代。 不知道我理解的对不对？
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldane%27s_rule
The main genetic hypotheses are:
Dominance: Heterogametic hybrids are affected by all X-linked alleles (be they recessive or dominant) causing incompatibilities due to divergent alleles being brought together. However, homogametic hybrids are only affected by dominant deleterious X-linked alleles. Heterogametic hybrids, which carry only a single copy of a given X-linked gene, will be affected by mutations regardless of dominance. Thus, an X-linked incompatibility between diverging populations is more likely to be expressed in the heterogametic sex than in the homogametic sex. The "faster male": Male genes are thought to evolve faster due to sexual selection.[6] As a result, male sterility becomes more evident in male heterogametic taxa (XY sex determination). This hypothesis conflicts with Haldane's rule in male homogametic taxa, in which females are more affected by hybrid inferiority. It therefore only applies to male sterility in taxa with XY sex determination, according to the composite theory. Meiotic drive: In hybrid populations, selfish genetic elements inactivate sperm cells (i.e.: an X-linked drive factor inactivates a Y-bearing sperm and vice versa). The "faster X": Genes on hemizygous chromosomes may evolve more quickly by enhancing selection on possible recessive alleles causing a larger effect in reproductive isolation.[8] Differential selection: Hybrid incompatibilities affecting the heterogametic sex and homogametic sex are fundamentally different isolating mechanisms, which makes heterogametic inferiority (sterility/inviability) more visible or preserved in nature.[7]John Scott Haldane（血红蛋白） Scottish physician 2 May 1860 – 14/15 March 1936
John Burdon Sanderson Haldane 5 November 1892 – 1 December 1964 British scientist (基因学家）
Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane FRS (born 14 September 1951), is a British-born physicist who is currently the Sherman Fairchild University Professor of Physics at Princeton University. He is a co-recipient of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics, along with David J. Thouless and J. Michael Kosterlitz.
其实现在还是很多争论，很多实验结果也没有遵照这个rule。基因选择性和多样性太复杂了
我心里一着急，就噼里啪啦了一番。对不起啊，不用管我。
生物学研究太耗时了，出成果慢，而且因为研究对象的复杂性，研究的成功率低。 生物学家非常不容易
东亚人也没有多少尼安德人基因
难道说黑非洲因此还得福了，我怎么觉得因果关系有问题呢，，何况新变种从黑非洲捂出来的可不少
一桶糨糊了
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2818-3
几个主要变种都是南非出来的吧?
很多白人呢。
而omicron也不是南非原产，不过是在南非被抓到而已
她在做的research的老板和 Paabo有关，我看过 Paabo的好多视频。真是有意思!
但这些人免疫缺损，是各种病毒大变异的温床