"Shooting the messenger" is a metaphoric phrase used to describe the act of blaming the bearer of bad news, despite the bearer or messenger having no direct responsibility for the bad news or its consequences.
Until the advent of modern telecommunication, messages were usually delivered by human envoys. For example, in war, a messenger would be sent from one camp to another. If the message was unfitting, the receiver might blame the messenger for such bad news and take their anger out on them.
An analogy of the phrase can come from the breaching of an unwritten code of conduct in war, in which a commanding officer was expected to receive and send back emissaries or diplomatic envoys sent by the enemy unharmed. During the early Warring States period of China, the concept of chivalry and virtue prevented the executions of messengers sent by opposing sides.
A modern version of "shooting the messenger" can be perceived when someone blames the media for presenting bad news about a favored cause, person, organization, etc. "Shooting the messenger" may be a time-honored emotional response to unwanted news, but it is not a very effective method of remaining well-informed."
"Shooting the messenger" is a metaphoric phrase used to describe the act of blaming the bearer of bad news, despite the bearer or messenger having no direct responsibility for the bad news or its consequences.
Until the advent of modern telecommunication, messages were usually delivered by human envoys. For example, in war, a messenger would be sent from one camp to another. If the message was unfitting, the receiver might blame the messenger for such bad news and take their anger out on them.
An analogy of the phrase can come from the breaching of an unwritten code of conduct in war, in which a commanding officer was expected to receive and send back emissaries or diplomatic envoys sent by the enemy unharmed. During the early Warring States period of China, the concept of chivalry and virtue prevented the executions of messengers sent by opposing sides.
A modern version of "shooting the messenger" can be perceived when someone blames the media for presenting bad news about a favored cause, person, organization, etc. "Shooting the messenger" may be a time-honored emotional response to unwanted news, but it is not a very effective method of remaining well-informed."
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起因 播报 编辑 战国后期,经过长期的诸侯割据战争,诸侯各国盛衰格局发生了很大变化,而变化最大的莫过于秦国。秦国物产丰富,地理条件优越。自公元前359年起,秦孝公任用商鞅施行变法,为秦国的富强打下了良好基础,逐步向东扩展。秦惠王、秦昭王时期,继续扩张,推行商鞅变法,军事实力大增。经由孝公至庄襄王六世百余年的苦心经营,秦国的经济和军事力量都远胜于其他六国。 公元前247年,秦庄襄王薨,其年13岁的太子嬴政继位为秦王,但当时的国政大权为相国吕不韦所把持。公元前238年,秦王政铲除了丞相吕不韦和长信侯嫪毐,开始亲政,同时也开始周密部署战斗,准备统一六国。 秦王政十七年(公元前230年),秦军攻占韩国都城阳翟(今河南禹州市),俘虏韩王安,设置颍川郡,韩国灭亡。 秦王政十八年(公元前229年),秦大举攻赵,名将王翦率军由上党出井陉,杨端和由河内进攻赵都邯郸。公元前228年,攻占邯郸,俘虏赵王迁,赵国灭亡。之后,秦国兵临易水,威胁燕国。 燕国在七国当中,较为弱小,但也有其辉煌的时期,公元前284年,燕昭王任命名将乐毅为上将军,统率燕、秦、楚、韩、赵、魏六国军队攻齐。在济水之西大败齐军,攻克临淄。之后燕军仅在六个月的时间内,就攻取了齐国七十余城,只剩下莒和即墨两城,使齐国几乎亡国。燕昭王死后,对乐毅不满的燕惠王继位,齐臣田单乘机使反间计,使燕惠王撤换了乐毅,派骑劫代替乐毅。田单用火牛阵一仗击溃燕军主力。并一举将燕军逐出国境,收复沦陷的七十余城,使齐国复国。自此,燕国便一蹶不振,国势日衰。至燕王喜时期,国力更加衰落,由他的儿子太子丹(?—前226)主持朝政。 燕太子丹曾在秦国为人质,秦王待太子丹不友善。后太子丹逃归燕国。大臣们劝他跟齐、楚、魏再组合纵对抗联盟,太子丹认为那已不切实际,缓不济急。他决心采取左道旁门的手段,派遣刺客去胁迫嬴政,命他承诺退还侵略的土地,并保证不再继续侵略。如果他拒绝,就将他杀死,以此来阻挡秦国的兼并之势。燕太子丹首先找到田光,经过田光先生的引见而结识了著名的侠士荆轲。 荆轲,卫国人。卫亡,游历赵国的榆次、邯郸等地。至燕,整日在市井放歌纵酒,酒醉之后常与好友高渐离等相对而泣,旁若无人。并且荆轲“好读书击剑”,“虽游于酒人乎,然其为人沉深好书”,也就是说,荆轲更是一个有学问的沉稳之士,而非一介山野莽夫。太子丹向荆轲袒露腹心,“诚得劫秦王,使悉反诸侯侵地,若曹沫之与齐桓公,则大善矣;则不可,因而刺杀之。”荆轲开始婉拒太子丹让他刺秦的要求,但太子丹将他尊为上卿,给予他极为优厚的礼遇,致使荆轲答应了他的请求。 此时秦将王翦率军至燕国南部边界。太子丹十分恐惧,便对荆轲说道:“秦军如果渡过易水,我军如何能敌,愿荆卿早日打算。“荆轲说:“依太子之言,臣愿谒之,但是就算是现在去秦国,也未必能接近秦王。现在秦王以黄金千两,食邑万户欲购樊将军的头颅。如能将樊将军头颅和燕国督亢的地图,献给秦王,秦王定要见臣,臣才能有机会。”太子说道:“樊将军穷困来投于我,我不能为自己的私心而杀前来投我的樊将军,愿卿再考虑一下别的办法。” 荆轲知道太子不忍,但私下见樊於期说道:“将军与秦王可谓血海深仇,今听闻秦王欲以千金,食邑万户购将军头颅,您要怎么办?”樊於期仰天长叹说道:“我一想到此处,常痛於骨髓,也想不出什么办法。”荆轲说:“今有一言可以解燕国之患,报将军之仇者,何如?”於期于是问:“为之奈何?”荆轲说:“愿得将军之首以献秦王,秦王自然十分高兴而见臣。臣左手把其袖,右手其胸;刺杀秦王,以解燕国之患又能报将军之仇,将军以为如何?”樊於期听完便拔剑自刭。 太子闻之,极其哀伤。但事以至此,无可奈何,但将樊於期头颅盛入盒中。 於是太子便求寻刺杀利器,得到了赵国人徐夫人的匕首。用毒药煮炼,交给荆轲。又派了一个勇士秦武阳,做为荆轲的副手。 荆轲本打算再等一个能助其一臂之力的朋友共赴秦国,但因太子催之甚急,只得带领秦武阳离燕赴秦,慨然践诺。 事件经过 播报 编辑 秦王政二十年(公元前227年),即燕王喜二十八年,太子丹派荆轲作为使者,携带夹有匕首的燕国督亢(今河北易县、涿县、固安一带)地图连同秦国逃亡到燕国的败将樊於期的首级,以请求「举国为内臣」的名义去朝见秦王嬴政。以便行刺秦王,挽救燕国。荆轲临行前,太子丹和少数宾客穿上白衣白帽,到易水(在今河北易县)边送行。高渐离击筑,荆轲和之,慷慨悲歌“风萧萧兮易水寒,壮士一去兮不复返”,表达了自己义无反顾的精神。大家听了非常伤感,皆垂泪涕泣。荆轲拉着秦舞阳跳上车,前往秦国都城咸阳。 至秦国都城咸阳后,荆轲持送厚礼给秦王的宠臣蒙嘉。由蒙嘉进言:“燕王诚振怖大王之威,不敢举兵以逆军吏,愿举国为内臣比诸侯之列,给贡职如郡县,而得奉守先王之宗庙。恐惧不敢自陈,斩樊於期之头,及献燕督亢之地图,函封,燕王拜送于庭,使使以闻大王。唯大王命之。”秦王听后非常高兴,乃朝服设九宾,在咸阳宫朝堂上召见燕国使节。荆轲捧着装了樊于期头颅的盒子,秦舞阳捧着督亢的地图,一步步走上秦国朝堂的台阶。秦舞阳一见秦国朝堂的那种阵式,不由得害怕的发起抖来,脸色苍白。使秦国群臣大为惊诧。荆轲只得对秦王说道:“北方蛮夷粗野之人,从未没见过如此大的场面,未免有些害怕,请大王谅解。”王政对荆轲说:“叫秦舞阳把地图给你,你一个人上来吧。”荆轲从秦舞阳手里接过地图,捧着木匣上去,献给秦王政。秦王政打开木匣,果然是樊于期的头颅。秦王政又叫荆轲拿地图来。荆轲把一卷地图慢慢打开,直到图穷匕现。当荆轲右手拿起匕首,左手抓住嬴政的袖子正要行刺。秦王此时大惊,出于本能反应,起身挣脱开了荆轲,荆轲抓着的袖子被扯断。秦王想将佩剑拔出,但剑太长,心里又着急,剑没有拔出来。荆轲向秦王扑来,秦王环柱逃避,荆轲紧追秦王。旁边虽有许多人,但是都手无寸铁;而殿下的武士,按秦国的规定,没有秦王召令是不准上殿的,官员中有个侍医夏无且,急中生智,拿起手里的药袋对准荆轲扔了过去。因为荆轲要扬起手来挡避这个药袋,而使他分了神。这时,一边的大臣对着秦王喊道“大王背负着剑鞘,背负着就能拔出来了”。秦王抓住刚才夏无且制造的机会,将剑负于背拔出,刹那间斩断了荆轲左股,荆轲因伤栽倒到地上,勉强坐起,右手把匕首向秦王掷去,击中桐柱,擦出火花。嬴政再用剑砍他,荆轲用手去接,五个手指应声而落。荆轲自知大事未成,倚柱而笑,对秦王说:“事情之所以不能成功,是因为我想活捉你的,一定要你同我们订下条约来回报太子啊。”此时,侍从的武士已受秦王命令,赶上殿来结果了荆轲的性命。而秦舞阳也被侍从的武士砍杀于朝堂的台阶下。 事件结果 播报 编辑 事后秦王政大怒,命令大将王翦攻打燕国,燕太子丹带兵抵抗,无奈非秦军的对手。秦王政二十一年(公元前226年)秦军攻下燕国都蓟,燕王喜与太子丹逃往辽东郡。秦王又派大将李信率军追击,非要将太子丹拿住,否则不肯罢休。燕王喜听从了代王嘉的计策,被迫缢死太子丹,将太子丹的人头献给秦军求和。暂缓了危局。秦军便南下攻打魏国和楚国,当魏楚两国被灭之后,便转而收拾燕国。秦王政二十五年(公元前222年),秦军攻打辽东,俘燕王喜,燕国灭亡。