Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity In the Armed Forces.
WHEREAS it is essential that there be maintained in the armed services of the United States the highest standards of democracy, with equality of treatment and opportunity for all those who serve in our country's defense:
NOW THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, and as Commander in Chief of the armed services, it is hereby ordered as follows:
1. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.
2. There shall be created in the National Military Establishment an advisory committee to be known as the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, which shall be composed of seven members to be designated by the President.
3. The Committee is authorized on behalf of the President to examine into the rules, procedures and practices of the Armed Services in order to determine in what respect such rules, procedures and practices may be altered or improved with a view to carrying out the policy of this order. The Committee shall confer and advise the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force, and shall make such recommendations to the President and to said Secretaries as in the judgment of the Committee will effectuate the policy hereof.
4. All executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government are authorized and directed to cooperate with the Committee in its work, and to furnish the Committee such information or the services of such persons as the Committee may require in the performance of its duties.
5. When requested by the Committee to do so, persons in the armed services or in any of the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government shall testify before the Committee and shall make available for use of the Committee such documents and other information as the Committee may require.
6. The Committee shall continue to exist until such time as the President shall terminate its existence by Executive order.
此前从我与蒋闻铭不多的几次交往知道他的人品很差、认知水平低下。昨天看到他满口“你档次太低”等言语，知道了他的蛮横无礼的霸凌行为，这种霸凌语言因为没有知识的支撑而显得色厉内荏，成为他逃避正面辩论的借口。这已经刷新了他的认知水平低下的下线，今天早上看到他发的“人类文明，有新旧没有善恶“的帖子，再次突破他的认知水平低下的下限。
人类的认知和判断活动一般有3个层次：事实判断，价值判断和道德判断。
新与旧属于事实判断，位于最底层。好与坏属于价值判断，比事实判断高一层。善与恶则属于道德判断，处于最高层。
举个例子。父母给孩子买了一件衣服，孩子会认识到这是一件新衣服。说明孩子具备了事实判断能力。有的孩子知道这件衣服能保暖，还有的孩子知道这件衣服很漂亮，这说明这些孩子具备了价值判断能力。有的孩子则不具备价值判断能力。至于这件衣服的样式是否符合社会的道德伦理规范，这件衣服的制作和销售过程是否符合商业伦理规范，则需要了解和具备相应的道德伦理知识才能做出判断。一般的孩子不具备所需要的知识，所以道德判断超出了孩子们通常的认知水平，这也是为什么道德判断处于认知水平的最高层。
所有的人类文明都包含道德伦理规范，都可以据此作出针对这些文明的道德判断。
蒋闻铭说文明只有新旧，没有善恶，这说明他的认知水平停留在事实判断阶段，属于最底层的认知能力。正如一件衣服可以是新的、漂亮的、好的，但可以是不道德的一样，一个文明可以是新的、强大的，但同时是恶的、不道德的。
正是由于认知能力低下，蒋闻铭的概念都脱离具体时空，对具体事物的认知毫无帮助。譬如他把西方文明树为绝对高大上，任何反对西方文明的都是坏人。完全无视西方文明在历史上的种种恶劣行为，这是不具备道德判断能力的必然结果。
这种把概念绝对化的叙述，其实很容易被戳破。譬如他痛骂独裁，把独裁说得一无是处。然而，我们仅举一例就可以破掉他的这种无脑言论。俄国历史上的彼得大帝就是一个独裁者，但是正是他推动了俄国近代的改革，大大加快了俄国的进步。
我和蒋闻铭郭大年的争论起于一个简单的逻辑判断：
我说美国是靠殖民屠杀起家的假文明、恶文明，郭大年回应说塔利班对抗美国，看来塔利班是三个代表了。
我回应：与恶对抗的并不就是善的。这是一个简单明了的逻辑判断。郭大年不再回应，似是默认了我的逻辑判断。
但是蒋闻铭却跳出来指责我的回答低级无聊。我的回答已经帮助郭大年澄清了他的认知谬误，蒋闻铭没有能力判断我的逻辑是否正确，只从他的一方不能输掉辩论的混蛋立场出发，一路指责我，却始终避免回答我的逻辑判断是对还是错。哪怕我的逻辑判断很低级，但低级不意味着是错的。能把复杂的问题用简单的逻辑阐明，正是逻辑能力强大的象征，因为简单而无可辨驳。这正是蒋闻铭竭力避免正面回答问题的原因所在。以蒋闻铭的智力是认识不到这一点的。
塔利班的例子无需重复。我在这里再说一说二次大战中的恶与恶的对抗。
挑起二次大战的希特勒对犹太人实施种族屠杀，显示了西方文明中的德国文明是一个反人类的恶的文明。那么，与之对抗的美国文明又如何呢？且不提美国靠屠杀灭绝印第安人起家的历史事实，二次大战中的美国在对黑人实施了100多年的奴隶制后（这还只是从美国建国时算起，对黑人的奴隶制在建国前就已存在了200多年），又对黑人实施了近半个世纪的种族歧视和种族隔离制度。
仅就种族主义性质而言，如果德国打败美国，德国会不会改变美国的种族歧视和隔离政策？不会。美国打败了德国，德国对犹太人的屠杀有没有让美国认识到自己的反人类行为？没有。美国的种族歧视和隔离制度丝毫未改。这就是在道德层面的恶与恶的对抗。文明是有善恶的。
正如我的文章《九龙江之战》所叙述的，美国的种族隔离制度是在朝鲜战场上与志愿军作战时被迫取消的。是志愿军推动了美国迈出了取消种族隔离制度的第一步。所以，与美国对抗的中国是一股善的力量。对此感兴趣的网友们可以去阅读我前些日子在几坛发的《九龙江之战——撬开美国种族隔离制度的堡垒》一文，也可以到我的博客去阅读。
在这里，我们可以做一个逻辑反推：如果没有朝鲜战争，美军会在1951年开始取消军中的种族隔离制度吗？答案很显然：不会。
我们不妨再做一个大胆的逻辑推演：如果美国武力征服了苏联和中国——美国一直在秘密制定用核武器摧毁苏联中国以及其他社会主义国家，世界将会变成什么样子？很明显，这会加强美国的白人至上种族主义的意识形态，美国将能轻而易举地把它的种族歧视和隔离制度推向全球。世界的有色人种也会逐渐默认盎格鲁撒克逊白人种族相对于有色人种的优越，承认盎格鲁撒克逊白人文明相对于有色人种文明的优越。这意味着有色人种不但在武力上被征服，在心智上也被征服。2000年前雅利安人征服印度、建立种姓制度的一幕将在全世界——更大的范围——重演。网友们可以参阅我前些日子发在本坛的《印度教与佛教》一文。君不见美国还没有武力征服中俄，几坛里有多少对西方文明五体投地的膜拜者？
正是在这一层意义上可以说，抗美援朝改变了世界，推动人类文明向善、向正义的方向迈了一大步。
蒋闻铭不但显示了他的无知，还显示出他是一个色厉内荏的霸凌、无赖。
引起网友之间争夺，毒化了几坛的讨论氛围。
装懂，靠维基现查现卖。
不要跟我谈逻辑ABC ,你连最简单的逻辑 判断都做不了，还好意思谈逻辑。看透你们一帮自以为是的草包。。。
心态要好一点，不是谁都欠你的。
韩战中只是美军有机会在战场上执行总统令而已。
文学城恶人小人这么多怎么能不防？
Extraordinary claim requires extraordinary evidences。
危机，亚洲就会比今天更好。
有篇文章分析造成饥荒的天灾及人祸原因，结论是人祸为主。白先生砍掉文章中的人祸部分及结论，照抄文章中的天灾部分，一字不差，作为自己的主贴，以证明饥荒完全是天灾的原因。而且不提文章的原作者。
可以看出，白先生平时如何做研究，发学术论文。
Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces (1948)
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/executive-order-9981
就问你，这份文件有没有取消种族隔离制度的文字？
以正视听 ：)
Transcript
Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity In the Armed Forces.
WHEREAS it is essential that there be maintained in the armed services of the United States the highest standards of democracy, with equality of treatment and opportunity for all those who serve in our country's defense:
NOW THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, and as Commander in Chief of the armed services, it is hereby ordered as follows:
1. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.
2. There shall be created in the National Military Establishment an advisory committee to be known as the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, which shall be composed of seven members to be designated by the President.
3. The Committee is authorized on behalf of the President to examine into the rules, procedures and practices of the Armed Services in order to determine in what respect such rules, procedures and practices may be altered or improved with a view to carrying out the policy of this order. The Committee shall confer and advise the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force, and shall make such recommendations to the President and to said Secretaries as in the judgment of the Committee will effectuate the policy hereof.
4. All executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government are authorized and directed to cooperate with the Committee in its work, and to furnish the Committee such information or the services of such persons as the Committee may require in the performance of its duties.
5. When requested by the Committee to do so, persons in the armed services or in any of the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government shall testify before the Committee and shall make available for use of the Committee such documents and other information as the Committee may require.
6. The Committee shall continue to exist until such time as the President shall terminate its existence by Executive order.
Harry Truman
The White House
July 26, 1948
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还胡搅蛮缠什么？
而不是根据档案馆随便加上一个修饰性文字来判断。
这是美国的自我粉饰，order 本身根本就没有提及种族隔离制度，你怎么能得出该命令是取消种族隔离制度？事实上，按照这个命令建立的委员会，因为遭遇白人军人的反对，运作不到两年就解散了。根本就没有任何取消种族隔离制度的建议和行动。。。
你会不会动脑子。。。
如果美军打到鸭绿江，下一步就是国军在鸭绿江与解放军对峙，想干什么不是明摆着吗？
1964年，非洲大陆出现一批独立国家的时候。。。
我也不劝你，因为你蠢得无可救药。。。