Boson sampling is considered as a strong candidate to demonstrate ‘quantum computational supremacy’ over classical computers. However, previous proof-of-principle experiments suffered from small photon number and low sampling rates owing to the inefficiencies of the single-photon sources and multiport optical interferometers. Here, we develop two central components for high-performance boson sampling: robust multiphoton interferometers with 99% transmission rate and actively demultiplexed single-photon sources based on a quantum dot–micropillar with simultaneously high efficiency, purity and indistinguishability. We implement and validate three-, four- and five-photon boson sampling, and achieve sampling rates of 4.96?kHz, 151?Hz and 4?Hz, respectively, which are over 24,000 times faster than previous experiments. Our architecture can be scaled up for a larger number of photons and with higher sampling rates to compete with classical computers, and might provide experimental evidence against the extended Church–Turing thesis.
5月3日，科技界迎来了一则重磅消息：世界上第一台超越早期经典计算机的光量子计算机诞生。中国科学院5月3日在上海举行新闻发布会，对外发布了这一消息，这个“世界首台”是货真价实的“中国造”，属中国科学技术大学潘建伟教授及其同事陆朝阳、朱晓波等，联合浙江大学王浩华教授研究组攻关突破的成果。
量子计算机是指利用量子相干叠加原理，理论上具有超快的并行计算和模拟能力的计算机。曾有人打过一个比方：如果现在传统计算机的速度是自行车，量子计算机的速度就好比飞机。例如，一台操纵50个微观粒子的量子计算机，对特定问题的处理能力可超过目前最快的“神威·太湖之光”超级计算机。
多粒子纠缠的操纵作为量子计算的技术制高点，一直是国际角逐的焦点。在光子体系，潘建伟团队在国际上率先实现了五光子、六光子、八光子和十光子纠缠，一直保持着国际领先水平。在超导体系，2015年，谷歌、美国航天航空局和加州大学圣芭芭拉分校宣布实现了9个超导量子比特的高精度操纵。这个记录在2017年被中国科学家团队打破。
记者从今天中国科学院发布会上获悉，潘建伟、朱晓波、王浩华等自主研发了10比特超导量子线路样品，通过发展全局纠缠操作，成功实现了目前世界上最大数目的超导量子比特的纠缠和完整的测量。进一步，研究团队利用超导量子线路演示了求解线性方程组的量子算法，证明了通过量子计算的并行性加速求解线性方程组的可行性。相关成果即将发表于国际权威期刊《物理评论快报》。
在光量子计算方面，潘建伟、陆朝阳等利用自主发展的综合性能国际最优的量子点单光子源，并通过电控可编程的光量子线路，构建了针对多光子“玻色取样”任务的光量子计算原型机。实验测试表明，该原型机的取样速度不仅比国际同行类似的实验加快至少24000倍，同时，通过和经典算法比较，也比人类历史上第一台电子管计算机(ENIAC)和第一台晶体管计算机(TRADIC)运行速度快10-100倍。
潘建伟说，这是历史上第一台超越早期经典计算机的基于单光子的量子模拟机，为最终实现超越经典计算能力的量子计算奠定了基础。5月2日，该研究成果以长文的形式在线发表于《自然光子学》。
http://www.cas.cn/cm/201705/t20170503_4598975.shtml
只想问一句，民用版何时出。
NATURE PHOTONICS | ARTICLE
Print Share/bookmark High-efficiency multiphoton boson sampling Hui Wang, Yu He, Yu-Huai Li, Zu-En Su, Bo Li, He-Liang Huang, Xing Ding, Ming-Cheng Chen, Chang Liu, Jian Qin, Jin-Peng Li, Yu-Ming He, Christian Schneider, Martin Kamp, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Sven Höfling, Chao-Yang Lu & Jian-Wei Pan Abstract Abstract• References• Author information• Supplementary informationBoson sampling is considered as a strong candidate to demonstrate ‘quantum computational supremacy’ over classical computers. However, previous proof-of-principle experiments suffered from small photon number and low sampling rates owing to the inefficiencies of the single-photon sources and multiport optical interferometers. Here, we develop two central components for high-performance boson sampling: robust multiphoton interferometers with 99% transmission rate and actively demultiplexed single-photon sources based on a quantum dot–micropillar with simultaneously high efficiency, purity and indistinguishability. We implement and validate three-, four- and five-photon boson sampling, and achieve sampling rates of 4.96?kHz, 151?Hz and 4?Hz, respectively, which are over 24,000 times faster than previous experiments. Our architecture can be scaled up for a larger number of photons and with higher sampling rates to compete with classical computers, and might provide experimental evidence against the extended Church–Turing thesis.
所以还是概念层次上的? Prototype 还算不上吧?
行外人还是不要随便评论的好。