还是看看ChatGPT怎么回答“Intermittent fasting and autophagy”：
Intermittent fasting and autophagy are closely related concepts, as intermittent fasting can stimulate autophagy within the body. Let's explore each of these terms and their connection in more detail:
Intermittent Fasting (IF): Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern that involves cycling between periods of fasting and eating. It doesn't focus on what you eat but rather when you eat. The most common methods of intermittent fasting include the 16/8 method (16 hours of fasting and an 8-hour eating window) and the 5:2 method (eating normally for 5 days and restricting calories for 2 non-consecutive days). Autophagy: Autophagy is a natural cellular process that involves the recycling and degradation of damaged or dysfunctional components within cells. It is a vital mechanism for maintaining cellular health, removing misfolded proteins, clearing out damaged organelles, and promoting cell survival. Autophagy plays a crucial role in cellular rejuvenation, repair, and overall longevity. The Connection: Intermittent fasting can stimulate autophagy within the body due to the prolonged periods of fasting it involves. During fasting, the body depletes its glycogen stores and switches to using stored fat as an energy source. As the fasting period continues, the body's energy needs are met through the breakdown of fat and, eventually, the breakdown of cellular components.
During periods of nutrient deprivation, such as fasting, the body senses the need for cellular recycling to provide energy and essential building blocks. This triggers the upregulation of autophagy, leading to the degradation of damaged or unnecessary cellular components and the recycling of their building blocks for the synthesis of new molecules. This process helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and supports overall cellular health.
It's important to note that the exact time required for autophagy to be triggered during intermittent fasting can vary and may depend on factors such as individual metabolism, activity level, and nutritional status. Some studies suggest that autophagy may start to increase after approximately 12-16 hours of fasting and become more pronounced after 24-48 hours.
While intermittent fasting can be a potential strategy to promote autophagy, it's not the only way to activate this cellular process. Other factors such as exercise, caloric restriction, and certain dietary interventions can also influence autophagy.
As with any dietary or lifestyle change, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian before starting intermittent fasting or making significant changes to your eating habits. They can provide personalized guidance based on your individual health status and goals.
现在流行断食，轻断食…因为人们坚信断食可以触发自噬机制，清理体内垃圾。自噬机制那可是顶着诺贝尔奖的光环的，让人发昏自然是不奇怪了。
自噬不难理解。植物缺乏营养时会把老叶子里的一些元素转给新叶子。人要是不吃饭，那自然会做些内部调整，做点废物利用，也就清除了一些垃圾。问题是，在严重缺乏营养的时候，人体会只限于清除垃圾，废物回收吗？
打个比方，住在加州要随时为大地震做准备。万一大地震真来了，可能会断水断电断天燃气。要想做饭，可以烧废纸，纸箱，正好清掉一些废品。再不行砍树，拆篱笆，时间再长了得拆房子当柴烧。树会长回去，篱笆不难修，拆房子修房子可是个技术活，能确保事后不用大修？
断食的一个好处可能是减轻了胃的负担。既然只进流质，胃不会被撑大，非常有利于修复损伤。胃病其实是很可怕的。胃壁破损，一些大分子就会直接进入血液，这些异物会大大增加肝和人体各部的负担。上次我整整喝了一个月的党参，终于控制住了胃涨气和胃酸泛流。现在不只是腹部如少年时一般平坦，手上的“老年斑”都在消退。之所以喝一个月是因为我觉得修复伤口需要几个星期。断食好象有人主张坚持三星期，会不会恰恰是让胃有足够的时间修复？
有没有一种可能，所谓的断食，轻断食只是帮胃修复损伤？如果是的话其实只要控制饮食就行，根本没必要断食折磨自己。条条大路通罗马，当然，如果有人就喜欢在崎岖小路上攀登，那也是个人的自由。
Intermittent fasting and autophagy are closely related concepts, as intermittent fasting can stimulate autophagy within the body. Let's explore each of these terms and their connection in more detail:
Intermittent Fasting (IF): Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern that involves cycling between periods of fasting and eating. It doesn't focus on what you eat but rather when you eat. The most common methods of intermittent fasting include the 16/8 method (16 hours of fasting and an 8-hour eating window) and the 5:2 method (eating normally for 5 days and restricting calories for 2 non-consecutive days).
Autophagy: Autophagy is a natural cellular process that involves the recycling and degradation of damaged or dysfunctional components within cells. It is a vital mechanism for maintaining cellular health, removing misfolded proteins, clearing out damaged organelles, and promoting cell survival. Autophagy plays a crucial role in cellular rejuvenation, repair, and overall longevity.
The Connection: Intermittent fasting can stimulate autophagy within the body due to the prolonged periods of fasting it involves. During fasting, the body depletes its glycogen stores and switches to using stored fat as an energy source. As the fasting period continues, the body's energy needs are met through the breakdown of fat and, eventually, the breakdown of cellular components.
During periods of nutrient deprivation, such as fasting, the body senses the need for cellular recycling to provide energy and essential building blocks. This triggers the upregulation of autophagy, leading to the degradation of damaged or unnecessary cellular components and the recycling of their building blocks for the synthesis of new molecules. This process helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and supports overall cellular health.
It's important to note that the exact time required for autophagy to be triggered during intermittent fasting can vary and may depend on factors such as individual metabolism, activity level, and nutritional status. Some studies suggest that autophagy may start to increase after approximately 12-16 hours of fasting and become more pronounced after 24-48 hours.
While intermittent fasting can be a potential strategy to promote autophagy, it's not the only way to activate this cellular process. Other factors such as exercise, caloric restriction, and certain dietary interventions can also influence autophagy.
As with any dietary or lifestyle change, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian before starting intermittent fasting or making significant changes to your eating habits. They can provide personalized guidance based on your individual health status and goals.
断食导致cortisol 升高，可能促进免疫细胞 在血液里升降频繁，导致inflammation, 影响免疫功能。其次是虽然轻断食可以短期减肥，但是如果在某段时间里可以随便吃，那么如何看待insulin resistance? 还有如何解决轻断食导致的mental stress, life enjoyment and such?
轻断食不是很难，在我看来skip早餐即可，其实我认为一日三餐，中间不要吃零食，也算轻断食。对我来说最要紧的是吃得平衡，吃得健康，身体有精力应付和enjoy日常生活，不是为了吃而吃。特别是象我们这种年纪身体都有这样那样问题的人，一定要注意找到适合自己的能够长期坚持的生活方式。
现在还没有长期效果的research, 有的是以marketing为目的，还有tunnel vision 式的宣传。也许确实是一种积极的方式，只是我们在尝试的时候多加小心。
下面的link只是一个参考，15年，关于吃一顿，2顿和三顿，以及每顿间隔时间的不同，人群的死亡率，当然轻断食人群也许因为更注重吃什么结果可能不一样。
https://www.jandonline.org/article/S2212-2672(22)00874-7/fulltext
也减少人体酶的运作,避免一些混乱切割. 人体新陈代谢需要食物,过分的断食会减少能量交换.所以绝食会死人,绝食不绝水死的时间长点.至于一些大分子过去进不去血管血液也不会因胃破而进入,胰酶在肠里.人体是平衡的,胃穿孔;肠穿孔破坏了平衡,引起炎症就会痛不欲生需要外科妙手来重获平衡
还会折叠.DeepMind预测蛋白质结构也是在肽链,DNA数据库存的基础上.贴近蛋白质真实结构有多近还的继续研究.所以蛋白质研究难度很大.
https://magigen.com/h-nd-691.html
但是现代断食者好象保持平常消耗。
是我去艰苦地方得出的经验
去非洲爬山， 8天时间，都是登山队提供三餐。 我们当时以为是没有午饭的， 所以每人带了一盒energy bar， 算下来够每天吃3个， 600卡。 后来发现是管午饭的，途中顶多吃1-2个， 多带的bar就开始投喂guide， 还带了些nuts香蕉片。
每顿饭都不算多， 早饭有热水，茶咖啡或可可粉奶粉自己冲， 有1片面包，果酱花生酱， 一个鸡蛋， 有时会有玉米糊糊但我不喝米糊糊。 午饭一块水煎饼，一块比手掌小的炸鸡， 一根香蕉， 或几块炸薯条或芭蕉。 晚饭丰盛些，有锅炖菜鸡肉胡萝卜圆白菜， 米饭通常是油炒过的， 汤是油炒面类的加一点干菜调味， 饭前有热水自己泡茶泡咖啡。
端上桌的饭菜，每人盛一些，一轮分下来， 就剩很少了，男的好像还能再吃一点。 非洲厨子手艺不错， 高原除了有一天的意面不熟我没吃，其他都挺可口的， 也不咸。 三餐不会超过2000卡， 热量最高的是油面汤， 知道是人造黄油煮的也照喝。
每天天亮6点就起床打包，吃完早饭就开始走， 一直走到下午3-4点，有两天还有额外的功课，放下行李再往高出处走2百米。 晚上6点天黑了， 才开始吃晚饭。
八天下来， 所有的人都瘦了些， 但也没瘦太多。 除了有高反吃不下饭的瘦得比较多。 我自己可能瘦了5斤， 最后一天穿备用hiking裤子需要系腰带了。
简单查一下就知道了。
想起别人说的件真事，林彪出事不久，组织工人们开会学习上面指示，1位老工人发言了“伟大领袖毛主席早就识破了他们的诡计，林彪要上那贼船，毛主席在旁边死拉硬拽，他就是不肯下来。。“