Among the pieces just published in ZPE are some Egypt Exploration Society distribution papyri that were sold by Dirk Obbink to Hobby Lobby in 2010 (these are not the stolen Oxyrhynchus Papyri but rather pieces that were “distributed” to museums, universities, and seminaries after they were published in the early twentieth century). Also included are: P.Oxy. 15.1780 (New Testament P39, a distribution papyrus apparently not bought through Obbink), the Bodmer Psalms codex (P.Bodmer 24), and a piece of the Tchacos-Ferrini Exodus codex (MOTB PAP.000447).
To clarify, there have been claims of forgery associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls, but not with the 10,500-year-old basket found in Muraba'at Cave. describes a situation where researchers hired by the Museum of the Bible concluded that fragments of the Dead Sea Scrolls in their collection were modern forgeries designed to mimic authentic artifacts. These forgeries utilized ancient materials like leather scraps and mineral deposits found at Middle Eastern archaeological sites. The forgers also employed ink that did not match the ink used on the authentic scrolls. This situation caused some controversy surrounding the authenticity of the Museum of the Bible's collection.
However, these findings relate specifically to a collection of Dead Sea Scroll fragments and not to the basket found in Muraba'at Cave. The authentication of the basket has been widely reported by reputable news organizations and archaeological bodies, who highlight the basket's intact condition and dating to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period as significant discoveries. The Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA) oversaw the excavation and dating of the basket using carbon-14 analysis.
碳14在判定古文物上的重要作用
碳14是一种宇宙射线碰撞氮原子核形成的不稳定元素，半衰期为5730年。它的好处是，地球上任何生物体，终究都是靠植物的光合作用，吸收空气里的二氧化碳而形成有机化合物。而所有用来自生物的材料做的东西，保留到现在，这中间经历的年代，因为材料已经是死的东西，不再加入新的空气里的碳14。所以测量经过衰变减少了的碳14就可以相当准确（比如2000前的文物，这个精确度大概是几十年）地判断这个物件的材料是多久以前生长的。
这个判定文物年龄的办法相对于以前靠经验根据文物外观对比来估计，简直是革命性的发明，因此被授予诺贝尔奖。
现在改进的方法，可以只用采不到一克的样品，大多数情况下对文物的损害可以做到不严重的程度，这对于分析年代久远的残片极其有意义。
碳14鉴定文物年代最著名的故事，大概是耶稣的裹尸布。都灵的耶稣裹尸布是天主教著名的圣物，据说有两千年了，上面还有耶稣手脚被钉钉子伤口留下的血迹。
自从碳14方法被发明以后，科学家一直想弄块样品来鉴定一下，因为这轰动效应实在太诱人了。教会自然不愿意这么著名的圣物万一出什么妖蛾子，一直推托，直到1988年才拿出几个样品来让三家大学分别来测试，结果证明是14世纪的织物。
这个结果出来以后，总还是有人试图标新立异来翻这个稍，不过他们到现在也没能拿出足够的证据来推翻碳14方法的结论。
中国有大量出土，西方很少
因为
热释光为何可以用来测年？马宏林介绍，土壤中含有很多石英晶体，在陶瓷器烧制过程中，石英晶体受热后所有晶格都排列整齐，这被称之为时钟归零。但人类生存环境中自然地存在着放射性元素，它们稳定地放出射线，石英晶格受到射线照射后，就会有带负电的电子被激发出来，游离在晶格中形成自由电子，同时留下一个带正电的空穴。
每个空穴都有一定的能级。自由电子没有一定的能量不能够回到空穴中，就会在晶格中积攒下来。如此一来，“电子—空穴”对的量，就跟受到的辐射量成正相关关系了。
“多年以后我们再给它加热，也就是说给它一定的激发能量，自由电子就能越过能级，回到空穴中。正负粒子结合会有一定能量，它们以光的形式放出，这就是热释光。如果用激光激发，那就是光释光。”
2018–2023年，牛津大学检测，得出结果为草筐是公元前8500年±120年。
2024年，德国慕尼黑工业大学，通过显微CT扫描与拉曼光谱技术等，在草筐底部发现直径0.2毫米的白色纤维，确认为聚酯纤维（PET）。这种材料1941年由英国化学家首次合成，自然界不存在。草筐表面检测出防水材料聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS），这种材料1972年才商业化的硅基防水剂，无法在史前环境中自然生成。
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0168583X94956618
https://www.natgeomedia.com/history/article/content-10867.html
Mar. 24 2020 獨家：聖經博物館裡的「死海古卷」全都是贗品撰文： MICHAEL GRESHKO
編譯： 鍾慧元
https://bbs.wenxuecity.com/joke/1536116.html
Among the pieces just published in ZPE are some Egypt Exploration Society distribution papyri that were sold by Dirk Obbink to Hobby Lobby in 2010 (these are not the stolen Oxyrhynchus Papyri but rather pieces that were “distributed” to museums, universities, and seminaries after they were published in the early twentieth century). Also included are: P.Oxy. 15.1780 (New Testament P39, a distribution papyrus apparently not bought through Obbink), the Bodmer Psalms codex (P.Bodmer 24), and a piece of the Tchacos-Ferrini Exodus codex (MOTB PAP.000447).
To clarify, there have been claims of forgery associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls, but not with the 10,500-year-old basket found in Muraba'at Cave. describes a situation where researchers hired by the Museum of the Bible concluded that fragments of the Dead Sea Scrolls in their collection were modern forgeries designed to mimic authentic artifacts. These forgeries utilized ancient materials like leather scraps and mineral deposits found at Middle Eastern archaeological sites. The forgers also employed ink that did not match the ink used on the authentic scrolls. This situation caused some controversy surrounding the authenticity of the Museum of the Bible's collection.
However, these findings relate specifically to a collection of Dead Sea Scroll fragments and not to the basket found in Muraba'at Cave. The authentication of the basket has been widely reported by reputable news organizations and archaeological bodies, who highlight the basket's intact condition and dating to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period as significant discoveries. The Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA) oversaw the excavation and dating of the basket using carbon-14 analysis.