Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common infections in humans, affecting over half of all women (1). UTIs can affect any part of the urinary tract but are most commonly found in the bladder (an infection more specifically termed cystitis). Infections are most frequently caused by some strains of Escherichia coli (thus uropathogenic E. coli [UPEC]) (2). While antibiotic treatment is effective in most patients, 25% of patients experience recurrent infection, often with the same strain, within 6 months (3). A smaller fraction (approximately 3%) of patients suffers chronically from recurrent UTIs, which in some cases can last many years (4–6). The high number of UTIs overall, in addition to the high intensity of antibiotic treatment for those suffering from chronic recurrent UTI, accounts for a significant fraction of antibiotic prescriptions in the community, further leading to potential public health concerns with respect to driving higher antibiotic resistance rates (7, 8).
Much research has therefore been dedicated to understanding the mechanisms by which UPEC causes UTI and in particular how it cause recurrent UTI. A mouse model of infection has been widely used to understand both host and bacterial characteristics leading to disease (9, 10). Of note, this murine model enables direct studies of bacterial strains, without modification, isolated from human patients, assaying infection through an analogous ascending inoculation route into the same organ and resulting in host immune responses that are generally similar to those seen in humans (11, 12). Using this model, intracellular infection of bladder epithelial cells by UPEC has been proposed as a hypothesis that can explain many features of human recurrent UTI (8, 13). UPEC binds to glycosylated surface proteins (uroplakins) present on the intact bladder epithelium using extracellular type 1 fimbriae (14–25). This binding leads to invasion of the epithelial cell, from which UPEC can escape into the cytoplasm and proliferate to form large, dense, intracellular aggregates of bacteria termed intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). IBCs are estimated to contain up to 106 bacteria each and have been described as a type of intracellular biofilm (13, 26, 27). Each IBC is the progeny of a single invasive founder, enabling high amplification of successful invasion events (28). IBCs are resistant to antibiotic treatment and host clearance, leading to persistence and subsequent reemergence to cause subsequent rounds of infection and IBC formation (16, 18, 29). Upon bacterial emergence (“fluxing”) from the enclosing epithelial cell, the host immune response induces the SOS response in UPEC, leading to the inhibition of cell division and the formation of long filaments, which resist killing by host neutrophils (18, 27, 30, 31).
Did you check urine culture each time you think you have a uti? You probably don't have UTI but rather you have interstitial cystitis. You should see a urologist. If you have UTI often, try to take dmannose every day. It's good at prevention.
已经在吃AZO cranberry 防止尿路感染的补剂了，但是依然得的很频繁
抗生素有效，但是也不能老吃抗生素，而且据说会产生抗体，请问大家有个问题有解吗？谢谢大家
每天喝很多水的，一直跑厕所
请问大家 如果注意休息 ，已经感染了不吃药会自己好吗？
劝楼主像吃药一样勤奋喝水。每天上午至少两杯，下午至少两杯。千万不可因为上厕所麻烦而憋尿。上面说的水量几乎是底线，翻倍都不多。
大便后拍屁股从前往后擦
去Costco 买这个。平时早晚3粒，预防非常有效。发炎一天三次，一次可达6粒。它可以占附在尿道壁上阻止细菌的附着。体虚，可用黄芪泡水喝。
千万记住白果不能多吃，每次5，6个就好，吃多了有毒
首先看看你有没有糖尿病 如果有控制好血糖 有时候血糖高容易频繁感染 而且也容易有阴道炎
其次是可以补充probiotics据说这个有一定用处
然后可以用激素药膏塞阴道的 premarin好像这个也有一定作用尤其对绝经后激素分泌不足导致频繁尿道感染
使用抗生素太多 一是容易产生抗药性 二是对身体内肠道菌群的破坏造成更多的毛病
多喝水 少憋尿 以及便后清理干净 什么穿透气棉质内裤这些非医药类治疗也可以试试
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common infections in humans, affecting over half of all women (1). UTIs can affect any part of the urinary tract but are most commonly found in the bladder (an infection more specifically termed cystitis). Infections are most frequently caused by some strains of Escherichia coli (thus uropathogenic E. coli [UPEC]) (2). While antibiotic treatment is effective in most patients, 25% of patients experience recurrent infection, often with the same strain, within 6 months (3). A smaller fraction (approximately 3%) of patients suffers chronically from recurrent UTIs, which in some cases can last many years (4–6). The high number of UTIs overall, in addition to the high intensity of antibiotic treatment for those suffering from chronic recurrent UTI, accounts for a significant fraction of antibiotic prescriptions in the community, further leading to potential public health concerns with respect to driving higher antibiotic resistance rates (7, 8).
Much research has therefore been dedicated to understanding the mechanisms by which UPEC causes UTI and in particular how it cause recurrent UTI. A mouse model of infection has been widely used to understand both host and bacterial characteristics leading to disease (9, 10). Of note, this murine model enables direct studies of bacterial strains, without modification, isolated from human patients, assaying infection through an analogous ascending inoculation route into the same organ and resulting in host immune responses that are generally similar to those seen in humans (11, 12). Using this model, intracellular infection of bladder epithelial cells by UPEC has been proposed as a hypothesis that can explain many features of human recurrent UTI (8, 13). UPEC binds to glycosylated surface proteins (uroplakins) present on the intact bladder epithelium using extracellular type 1 fimbriae (14–25). This binding leads to invasion of the epithelial cell, from which UPEC can escape into the cytoplasm and proliferate to form large, dense, intracellular aggregates of bacteria termed intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). IBCs are estimated to contain up to 106 bacteria each and have been described as a type of intracellular biofilm (13, 26, 27). Each IBC is the progeny of a single invasive founder, enabling high amplification of successful invasion events (28). IBCs are resistant to antibiotic treatment and host clearance, leading to persistence and subsequent reemergence to cause subsequent rounds of infection and IBC formation (16, 18, 29). Upon bacterial emergence (“fluxing”) from the enclosing epithelial cell, the host immune response induces the SOS response in UPEC, leading to the inhibition of cell division and the formation of long filaments, which resist killing by host neutrophils (18, 27, 30, 31).
还有查一下有没有子宫肌瘤，我一个朋友就是肌瘤让膀胱somehow 没有尿感，憋久了就尿路感染，后来把子宫肌瘤去除了就好了
直接喝100%纯cranberry juice。反复感染要解决感染源啊，清扫卫生间、加强配偶和自己的个人卫生。
yes 我曾经两次连续尿道炎睡。 医生说 很可能是因为你觉前吃太多西瓜,导致血糖增加。我本身就有糖尿病的问题
我在生娃后有很长一段时间都和楼主一样。我的问题比较复杂，生娃时候得了痔疮，所以擦屁屁总是不干净，最后开始严重到尿路感染。国内有亲戚是医生，让我用高锰酸钾温水烫屁屁和外阴。然后我还去超市买了一个那种旅行用的带喷嘴的小瓶，随身带一瓶高锰酸钾水溶液，每次大小便后都洗，坚持了半年，现在已经很久没有复发了。
这个办法好，请问高锰酸钾是国内带过来的那种片剂吗？美国有卖的吗？谢谢
potassium permanganate，或者pot perm。到处都有卖的。上网搜一下就好多。买药片或粉剂，每次上厕所之前勾兑。我一般是用瓶装水勾兑。很方便。你也可以用洗手间的热水。
我每次疑似UTI都伴有阴部burning，干涩，难言之隐，真的没法说。上面那些措施，对这些一点帮助也没有，正苦恼呢
这个有道理
---发自Huaren 官方 iOS APP
你说的这是一般人的尿路感染，这么做会有效果。对于楼主这样的体质是没用的。 ---发自Huaren 官方 iOS APP
水喝太多的话，为了防止电解质流失，也可以喝运动饮料。买那种无糖的就行
很难想象医生对你的情况不做仔细检查。
另外，尿路感染也有不同细菌品种，选择适用抗生素的问题，广谱的不一定对你有效。
那些清热药草蔓越莓。。。对lz意义不大，另外蔓越莓，可能对一般人都意义不大，其原理是能防止细菌附着在粘膜上，已经感染了没用，而且要吃够有效的良，胃早受不了了。
我听过的顽固尿路感染的原因，有糖尿病，更年期粘膜萎缩，肿瘤。
cranberry虽然医生说没用，其实非常有用，要浓度高，吃过一种vitamin不管用，就换一种，什么程度叫管用呢？吃一天就自然好了。
使劲喝水，喝到想吐。
如果爱爱引起的，一定用套套，之前喝水，之后立刻pee和清水洗。别用洗剂，平时也别用。
频繁到每年一半的日子都在尿路感染，一累就会。
已经在吃AZO cranberry 防止尿路感染的补剂了，但是依然得的很频繁
抗生素有效，但是也不能老吃抗生素，而且据说会产生抗体，请问大家有个问题有解吗？谢谢大家
每天喝很多水的，一直跑厕所
请问大家 如果注意休息 ，已经感染了不吃药会自己好吗？
现在有病的期间不要有sex
好了之后 不能太频繁
频繁会复发
多锻炼 会有帮助
同意这位mm的建议 让partner去检查一下做个urine culture。如果他有感染某个细菌没有治疗 那么就会一直反复的传给你。[code][/code]
有冲水马桶盖这个东西的 ---发自Huaren 官方 iOS APP
除了上面大家的建议，还可以考虑多锻炼身体提高免疫力
这个是医生嘱咐的，再就是多喝水，穿透气的裤子和裙子，不穿牛仔裤。
每次细菌增长到一定程度，症状出先，服用抗生素，抗生素杀死游离的细菌症状减轻，消失，但是biofilm里的隐蔽的细菌没清干净。停药以后，又开始一轮增生，直到症状重新出现。
个人观点，要长时间坚持敏感抗生素治疗，比如三个月。因为上皮层会更新，但是这种更新要花时间，具体膀胱和尿路上皮更新时间不知道，皮肤更新大概30天吧。所以要坚持服用抗生素，症状消失也要坚持，等新的上皮组织更新，下面隐藏菌落被清除才停止。这样才能做到彻底清除反复的感染。
楼主看过来。你有可能是膀胱感染也算是尿路感染的一种。还是去看医生做一个urine culture，看下那些抗生素已经产生了抗体
I suggest you see a urologist. You probably have interstitial cystitis, which is not infection related but you'll keep getting burning sensations.
Did you check urine culture each time you think you have a uti? You probably don't have UTI but rather you have interstitial cystitis. You should see a urologist. If you have UTI often, try to take dmannose every day. It's good at prevention.
听起来很专业
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.amazon.com/NOW-D-Mannose-500-120-Capsules/dp/B000JN4CR0&ved=2ahUKEwiW7b3suP3hAhUoTt8KHaCpAjsQFjAAegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw30Qo7P9vo1yJ75EmRS__UF&cshid=1556820649528
https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B0011WYO26/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o00_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
试试这个。我是OB推荐的，之前跟MM一样，用了这个后已经5年没问题了。
看了很多次家庭医生都说叫我每次发病去做culture
可是我发病的时候经常是半夜 也没法开车
这个家庭医生就是完全没有帮到我的还害我跑了好几趟
后来去看了ob 她立马给开了小剂量的头孢 每次爱爱之前吃一片
problem solved
第一发病一定要抗生素，疗程一定要吃完不能因为没症状就停药 这样导致复发更严重
第二加强体育锻炼，这个绝对管用。
会提高你身体抵抗力和免疫力！
至于什么蔓越橘，心理作用大过实际作用。