Infant & Toddler Nutrition Birth to 4 months From birth until 4 months of age, your baby should be fed breast milk or formula exclusively. During this time, she should not get water, juice, honey, cereal, or anything else unless you are specifically instructed to do so by your baby's pediatrician. We strongly encourage you to breastfeed. Breastfeeding promotes a special closeness between you and your baby and provides her with the best possible nutrition. Breast milk is easily digested and breast fed babies are rarely gassy or constipated. Other benefits of breastfeeding include a lower incidence of ear infections, allergies, and infectious diarrhea. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding your baby for the first year of life. We encourage you to breastfeed as long as possible, even if it is only for a few weeks, but we understand that sometimes you will have to give your baby formula, whether it is by circumstance or by choice. If you have any questions regarding which formula to give your baby, please call our office. For the first two weeks until your baby has regained his or her birth weight, you should nurse your baby every 3 hours minimum during the day and night, even if that means you have to wake the baby up. If you are using formula you should feed her every 3 to 4 hours minimum during day or night, again waking her up if you need to.
Vitamins for Breastfed Babies The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends giving every baby who is exclusively breastfed or taking in less than 16 ounces of formula a day supplemental Vitamin D until the baby starts drinking whole milk at 1 year of age. Vitamin D can be provided in the form of TriViSol or PolyViSol drops, which can be found without a prescription in most stores that carry vitamins. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for these babies in order to prevent rickets, a serious disease of bone demineralization.
Introducing Cereal and other Solids We recommend starting solids at about 4 to 6 months of age, depending on your baby (we will discuss this with you at your baby's 4 month check-up). The order of starting foods is cereals first, then fruits and vegetables, followed by chicken and meats. Rice cereal should be your baby's first solid food because it is the most hypoallergenic and is a good source of iron. Start with about 1 tablespoon of cereal mixed with breast milk and formula and feed it to your baby from a bowl with a spoon, not through the bottle. Don't be discouraged if your baby doesn't eat it at first; usually it takes several tries before a baby gets the hang of eating cereal. Once your baby starts eating the cereal, gradually increase the amount that you are giving until you reach the goal of giving about 1/4 cup of cereal twice a day. After your baby starts eating cereal, you can start with the Stage I baby foods (fruits and vegetables). The order in which you introduce fruits and vegetables isn't as important as only introducing one new food at a time, giving it every day for 4 or 5 days, and then adding another new food. That way, if your child has an allergic reaction (e.g. rash or vomiting) and has only eaten one new food that day, you will know exactly what food caused the reaction. After you have finished all the Stage I foods you can progress to the Stage II, again only introducing one new food at a time. At around 6 months of age you can also start introducing water through a cup.
Introducing Table Foods Around 9 months of age, when your baby is able to pick up small objects between his or her thumb and index finger, you can start introducing table foods by putting small, soft pieces of food on his tray and allowing him to feed himself. Examples of table foods you can give starting at 9 months are soft pieces of bread, small cubes of cheese, small pieces of soft fruits such as bananas or cooked apples or pears or steamed vegetables, and small soft pieces of chicken, turkey, or meat. At 9 months you can also start giving your baby whole milk yogurt. Use common sense - make sure all food you put in front of your baby is soft and in small manageable pieces. You should never give your baby a round food to eat (e.g. whole grape or hot dog slice) as it is a choking hazard. At around 12 months, you can start letting your baby play with a spoon to feed herself. Things will be messy at first, but that is how babies learn! Introducing Whole Milk In general, we recommend that you switch from breast milk or formula to whole milk at 1 year of age. Your toddler should drink between 16 to 20 ounces of whole milk each day. Whole milk should be continued until your child is 2 years old, after which you should switch to 2%, 1%, or skim milk. Some children have special requirements and should continue on whole milk past 2 years of age, which will be discussed on an individual basis in the office.
Toddler Nutrition In general, we recommend transitioning your toddler completely off baby or commercial toddler foods by 15 months of age at the latest. Bottles and pacifiers should also be discontinued by 15 months.
Children learn by example, so set a good example for your child by eating regular meals as a family and making healthy food choices for the whole family. If your child sees you enjoying your milk and spinach, he is more likely to drink milk and eat spinach.
As with older children and adults, toddlers should have 4 to 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. A serving size the first few years of life is as many tablespoons as the child is years old (e.g. serving size of 1 tablespoon for a 15- or 18-month-old, 2 tablespoons for a 2-year-old, etc.). Serve whole grain foods such as whole wheat bread and pasta. Give healthy snacks such as yogurt and fruit. Avoid fast food, fried foods, and processed foods. Don't hesitate to use spices and seasonings in your cooking (e.g. garlic, ginger, lemon, oregano), and offer your child the same variety of ethnic foods that you normally eat. Have fun exploring new foods with your toddler; children are often more adventerous in their eating habits than you may expect!
Toddlers usually eat about 3 meals and 2 snacks a day (i.e. they are eating every 2-3 hours). Your job as the parent is to decide which foods to serve and what time to serve them; it is your child's decision if she wants to eat and how much. You have to look at how much your child is eating over a few days, not at each individual meal or snack. Don't worry if she only eats a few bites at a particular meal; she will make up for it by eating more at the next scheduled meal or snacktime. Your toddler should be primarily feeding herself at this age. Do not force feed her or try to distract her with the television or games during mealtime in order to get her to eat. Avoid getting into power struggles over food as this can be very frustrating for everybody involved and your child will almost always win.
Studies have shown that children at this age have not learned to overeat. This does not mean that it is okay for your 18-month-old to eat as many cookies as she wants; however, if she has eaten an acceptable amount of healthy food at dinner and you offer her a cookie for dessert, if she finishes one cookie and asks for another, go ahead and give it to her. Most likely she will eat another half and then say she is full and leave the rest of the cookie on her plate (on the other hand, an older child or adult will likely continue eating despite being full).
Until 1 year, do not give your baby eggs, fish or shellfish, honey, berries, citrus, or any food containing nuts or peanut butter Until 2 years, do not give your toddler any food containing nuts or peanut butter Until 3 years, do not give any small hard foods, popcorn, hard candy, or gum, as they are choking hazards Grapes and other round foods should be cut into small pieces (not just in half) because they are choking hazards Hot dogs and lunch meats should be avoided in general because they contain nitrites as a preservative Juice Juice should not be started until your child can take it from a cup, usually at about 9 months of age, because juice in bottles is a common cause for cavities. Even after 9 months, encourage your children to drink water rather than juice, because juice does not have much nutrition and is a source of a surprisingly large number of calories and sugar. Plain water is best, because even watered-down juice tastes sweet and your child will get used to only drinking sweet beverages. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, juice should be limited to no more than 4-6 ounces a day for children 1 to 6 years old and no more than 8-12 ounces a day for children 7 years and older and adults.
Until 1 year, do not give your baby eggs, fish or shellfish, honey, berries, citrus, or any food containing nuts or peanut butter Until 2 years, do not give your toddler any food containing nuts or peanut butter Until 3 years, do not give any small hard foods, popcorn, hard candy, or gum, as they are choking hazards Grapes and other round foods should be cut into small pieces (not just in half) because they are choking hazards Hot dogs and lunch meats should be avoided in general because they contain nitrites as a preservative Juice Juice should not be started until your child can take it from a cup, usually at about 9 months of age, because juice in bottles is a common cause for cavities. Even after 9 months, encourage your children to drink water rather than juice, because juice does not have much nutrition and is a source of a surprisingly large number of calories and sugar. Plain water is best, because even watered-down juice tastes sweet and your child will get used to only drinking sweet beverages. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, juice should be limited to no more than 4-6 ounces a day for children 1 to 6 years old and no more than 8-12 ounces a day for children 7 years and older and adults.
why? my daughter ate peanut butter for half a year! And a nutritionist said it is ok for baby except that you need to use small spoon to avoid chocking...
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Infant & Toddler Nutrition
Birth to 4 months
From birth until 4 months of age, your baby should be fed breast milk or formula exclusively. During this time, she should not get water, juice, honey, cereal, or anything else unless you are specifically instructed to do so by your baby's pediatrician.
We strongly encourage you to breastfeed. Breastfeeding promotes a special closeness between you and your baby and provides her with the best possible nutrition. Breast milk is easily digested and breast fed babies are rarely gassy or constipated. Other benefits of breastfeeding include a lower incidence of ear infections, allergies, and infectious diarrhea. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding your baby for the first year of life.
We encourage you to breastfeed as long as possible, even if it is only for a few weeks, but we understand that sometimes you will have to give your baby formula, whether it is by circumstance or by choice. If you have any questions regarding which formula to give your baby, please call our office.
For the first two weeks until your baby has regained his or her birth weight, you should nurse your baby every 3 hours minimum during the day and night, even if that means you have to wake the baby up. If you are using formula you should feed her every 3 to 4 hours minimum during day or night, again waking her up if you need to.
Vitamins for Breastfed Babies
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends giving every baby who is exclusively breastfed or taking in less than 16 ounces of formula a day supplemental Vitamin D until the baby starts drinking whole milk at 1 year of age. Vitamin D can be provided in the form of TriViSol or PolyViSol drops, which can be found without a prescription in most stores that carry vitamins. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for these babies in order to prevent rickets, a serious disease of bone demineralization.
Introducing Cereal and other Solids
We recommend starting solids at about 4 to 6 months of age, depending on your baby (we will discuss this with you at your baby's 4 month check-up).
The order of starting foods is cereals first, then fruits and vegetables, followed by chicken and meats. Rice cereal should be your baby's first solid food because it is the most hypoallergenic and is a good source of iron. Start with about 1 tablespoon of cereal mixed with breast milk and formula and feed it to your baby from a bowl with a spoon, not through the bottle. Don't be discouraged if your baby doesn't eat it at first; usually it takes several tries before a baby gets the hang of eating cereal. Once your baby starts eating the cereal, gradually increase the amount that you are giving until you reach the goal of giving about 1/4 cup of cereal twice a day.
After your baby starts eating cereal, you can start with the Stage I baby foods (fruits and vegetables). The order in which you introduce fruits and vegetables isn't as important as only introducing one new food at a time, giving it every day for 4 or 5 days, and then adding another new food. That way, if your child has an allergic reaction (e.g. rash or vomiting) and has only eaten one new food that day, you will know exactly what food caused the reaction.
After you have finished all the Stage I foods you can progress to the Stage II, again only introducing one new food at a time.
At around 6 months of age you can also start introducing water through a cup.
Introducing Table Foods
Around 9 months of age, when your baby is able to pick up small objects between his or her thumb and index finger, you can start introducing table foods by putting small, soft pieces of food on his tray and allowing him to feed himself. Examples of table foods you can give starting at 9 months are soft pieces of bread, small cubes of cheese, small pieces of soft fruits such as bananas or cooked apples or pears or steamed vegetables, and small soft pieces of chicken, turkey, or meat. At 9 months you can also start giving your baby whole milk yogurt. Use common sense - make sure all food you put in front of your baby is soft and in small manageable pieces. You should never give your baby a round food to eat (e.g. whole grape or hot dog slice) as it is a choking hazard.
At around 12 months, you can start letting your baby play with a spoon to feed herself. Things will be messy at first, but that is how babies learn!
Introducing Whole Milk
In general, we recommend that you switch from breast milk or formula to whole milk at 1 year of age. Your toddler should drink between 16 to 20 ounces of whole milk each day. Whole milk should be continued until your child is 2 years old, after which you should switch to 2%, 1%, or skim milk. Some children have special requirements and should continue on whole milk past 2 years of age, which will be discussed on an individual basis in the office.
In general, we recommend transitioning your toddler completely off baby or commercial toddler foods by 15 months of age at the latest. Bottles and pacifiers should also be discontinued by 15 months.
Children learn by example, so set a good example for your child by eating regular meals as a family and making healthy food choices for the whole family. If your child sees you enjoying your milk and spinach, he is more likely to drink milk and eat spinach.
As with older children and adults, toddlers should have 4 to 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. A serving size the first few years of life is as many tablespoons as the child is years old (e.g. serving size of 1 tablespoon for a 15- or 18-month-old, 2 tablespoons for a 2-year-old, etc.). Serve whole grain foods such as whole wheat bread and pasta. Give healthy snacks such as yogurt and fruit. Avoid fast food, fried foods, and processed foods. Don't hesitate to use spices and seasonings in your cooking (e.g. garlic, ginger, lemon, oregano), and offer your child the same variety of ethnic foods that you normally eat. Have fun exploring new foods with your toddler; children are often more adventerous in their eating habits than you may expect!
Toddlers usually eat about 3 meals and 2 snacks a day (i.e. they are eating every 2-3 hours). Your job as the parent is to decide which foods to serve and what time to serve them; it is your child's decision if she wants to eat and how much. You have to look at how much your child is eating over a few days, not at each individual meal or snack. Don't worry if she only eats a few bites at a particular meal; she will make up for it by eating more at the next scheduled meal or snacktime. Your toddler should be primarily feeding herself at this age. Do not force feed her or try to distract her with the television or games during mealtime in order to get her to eat. Avoid getting into power struggles over food as this can be very frustrating for everybody involved and your child will almost always win.
Studies have shown that children at this age have not learned to overeat. This does not mean that it is okay for your 18-month-old to eat as many cookies as she wants; however, if she has eaten an acceptable amount of healthy food at dinner and you offer her a cookie for dessert, if she finishes one cookie and asks for another, go ahead and give it to her. Most likely she will eat another half and then say she is full and leave the rest of the cookie on her plate (on the other hand, an older child or adult will likely continue eating despite being full).
Foods to Avoid
Until 1 year, do not give your baby eggs, fish or shellfish, honey, berries, citrus, or any food containing nuts or peanut butter
Until 2 years, do not give your toddler any food containing nuts or peanut butter
Until 3 years, do not give any small hard foods, popcorn, hard candy, or gum, as they are choking hazards
Grapes and other round foods should be cut into small pieces (not just in half) because they are choking hazards
Hot dogs and lunch meats should be avoided in general because they contain nitrites as a preservative
Juice
Juice should not be started until your child can take it from a cup, usually at about 9 months of age, because juice in bottles is a common cause for cavities. Even after 9 months, encourage your children to drink water rather than juice, because juice does not have much nutrition and is a source of a surprisingly large number of calories and sugar. Plain water is best, because even watered-down juice tastes sweet and your child will get used to only drinking sweet beverages.
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, juice should be limited to no more than 4-6 ounces a day for children 1 to 6 years old and no more than 8-12 ounces a day for children 7 years and older and adults.
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Foods to Avoid
Until 1 year, do not give your baby eggs, fish or shellfish, honey, berries, citrus, or any food containing nuts or peanut butter
Until 2 years, do not give your toddler any food containing nuts or peanut butter
Until 3 years, do not give any small hard foods, popcorn, hard candy, or gum, as they are choking hazards
Grapes and other round foods should be cut into small pieces (not just in half) because they are choking hazards
Hot dogs and lunch meats should be avoided in general because they contain nitrites as a preservative
Juice
Juice should not be started until your child can take it from a cup, usually at about 9 months of age, because juice in bottles is a common cause for cavities. Even after 9 months, encourage your children to drink water rather than juice, because juice does not have much nutrition and is a source of a surprisingly large number of calories and sugar. Plain water is best, because even watered-down juice tastes sweet and your child will get used to only drinking sweet beverages.
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, juice should be limited to no more than 4-6 ounces a day for children 1 to 6 years old and no more than 8-12 ounces a day for children 7 years and older and adults.
why?
my daughter ate peanut butter for half a year! And a nutritionist said it is ok for baby except that you need to use small spoon to avoid chocking...