Abruptio Placenta (Placental Abruption,premature separation of planceta) 胎 盘早剥: The placenta has started to separate from the uterine wall before the baby is born.
ACOG 美国妇产科医师学会: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is a private, voluntary, nonprofit organization of women\'s healthcare professionals. The ACOG currently has over 37,000 physician members. For more information, visit their website at http://www.acog.com/.
Active Labor: The period of time when your cervix dilates between four and eight centimeters. Contractions usually come between three and five minutes apart, dilating the cervix approximately one centimeter (one\"finger\") per hour.
Alpha-Fetoprotein 甲胎蛋白: A test that assesses the risk (does not diagnose) of neural tube defects and Down Syndrome. Usually given between the 15-20 weeks; preferred at 16 weeks.
＊Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺: This procedure entails drawing a small quantity of amniotic fluid from the sac surrounding the fetus. The particles of the baby\'s sloughed-off skin cells floating in the water are then tested for fetal abnormalities.
＊Amniotic Fluid 羊水: This protective liquid, consisting mostly of fetal urine and water, fills the sac surrounding the fetus.
Amniotic Sac(bag of waters) 胎膜囊: The sac that holds the protective liquid called amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus.
＊Anemia 贫血: An iron deficiency common in pregnancy.
Anesthesiologist 麻醉师: A doctor who administers drugs like an epidural.
Anterior 前部： Baby faces the correct way (face down) when emerging from the uterus.
Apgar Score 阿氏评分 : This is a measurement of a newborn\\\'s response to birth and life outside the womb. Ratings are based on Appearance (color); Pulse ( heartbeat); Grimace (reflex); Activity (muscle tone) and Respiration ( breathing). The score is taken at 1 and 5 minutes (sometimes also at 10 minutes) after birth, the high score being 10 and the low score being 1. This scale was named for its creator, Virginia Apgar (1909-1974).
Areola 乳晕 : The dark area encircling the nipple. (When breastfeeding, you will need to make sure the baby latches onto the areola, not just the nipple.)
AROM 人工破水: Acronym stands for artificial rupture of membranes. It means that a doctor or midwife breaks the woman\'s water to begin labor.
Basal Body Temperature (BBT)基础体 : Your base body temperature - that is, before movement, caloric consumption or anything else is factored in.
Betamethasone 倍他米松: A common drug used to help develop the baby\\\'s lungs when it appears the woman will deliver prematurely. Given by injection into the mother\\\'s muscle.
Bilirubin 胆红素: The waste product that results from the breakdown of hemoglobin molecules from worn out red blood cells. It is normally excreted from the body as the main component of bile. See Jaundice.
Birthing Ball : A large rubber ball, about 25 inches in circumference, used during labor. The woman can sit on the ball and rock or bounce lightly, or she can lie on top of the ball and rock.
Birthing Center: A medical facility used as an alternative to a homebirth or a hospital birth. Usually simulates the homebirth experience, but has medical resources.
Bloody Show 见红: Blood-tinged mucous from the vagina. May mean you are losing the mucous plug that has sealed off the cervix up to this point.
Bradley Method 布雷德利法: Also known as \"Husband-coached Childbirth\", instructors teach natural breathing, encourage husband support, breastfeeding, etc. For more information, see the Bradley Method site.
Braxton-Hicks Contractions 早期宫缩(医学名称叫布雷顿希克斯宫缩): These \"practice\" contractions occur at various times during pregnancy, but can increase in intensity during your last month. They happen at random and are typically not painful. They do not dilate the cervix as \"real\" contractions do.
＊Breech Presentation 臀先露 : Where the fetus is positioned head up to be born buttocks first or with one or both feet first. Breech positioning is relatively uncommon, occurring in fewer than five percent of all births.
Brethine (Terbutaline) 硫酸特布他林: Drug used in pregnancy to slow or stop labor because even though it is an asthma medication, it relaxes smooth muscles, and the uterus is a smooth muscle.
Catheter 导管: A small, flexible tube. Catheters are commonly used in epidurals and when a woman cannot urinate (a catheter is placed up the urethra and into the bladder)--commonly referred to as \"being cathed\".
Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) 头盆不称: The term given when the size, presentation, and position of the baby\'s head in relationship to the mom\'s pelvis prevents dilation of the cervix and/or decent of the baby\'s head. The baby is too large to safely pass through the mother\'s pelvis.
Cervidil 地诺前列酮制剂: A medication used to ripen the cervix before induction (or to induce labor by itself).
＊Cervix 宫颈: The entrance to the uterus.
＊Cesarean(C.S) 剖宫产: An incision through the abdominal and uterine walls for extraction of the fetus; it may be vertical or more commonly, horizontal. Also called abdominal delivery; commonly called C-Section. (-section, - birth, -delivery)
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)绒毛标本采取: This procedure tests for genetic fetal defects by analyzing a piece of chorion, which is the outer tissues of the sac surrounding the embryo. CVS can be done earlier than amniocentesis, typically between 9 and 11 weeks of pregnancy.
＊＊Colostrum 初乳: Baby\'s first food, this is a thin white fluid discharged from the breasts at the beginning of milk production, and usually noticeable during the last few weeks of pregnancy (though may appear in tiny amounts as early as 16 weeks). Colostrum is rich in antibodies.
Complete Breech 完全臀位: The baby\'s buttocks are presenting at the cervix, but the legs are folded \"indian style\",making vaginal delivery difficult or impossible.
Conception 妊娠，受孕: When the sperm penetrates the egg, a new life has been created.
＊Contraction 宫缩: The regular tightening of the uterus, working to dilate and efface the cervix and to push the baby down the birth canal.
Cord Prolapse 脐带脱垂: Describes a condition where the umbilical cord slips down below the baby and into the vaginal canal during birth and is directly blocking the baby from being born without compressing the cord (which would cut off baby\'s oxygen and blood supply).
Crowned/Crowning 着冠: Describes when the baby\'s head is pushing though the fully dilated cervix and ready to pass into the birth canal.
Demerol 度冷丁: A narcotic pain reliever commonly used in labor and delivery.
＊＊Dilation 子宫口扩张度，一般用0-10指来表示: The amount the cervix has opened in preparation for childbirth, dilation is measured in centimeters or, less accurately, in \"fingers.\" \"Fully dilated\" means you\'re at 10 centimeters and are ready to push.
Doppler 多普勒仪: A device which employs ultrasound to listen to the fetal heart. Sometimes referred to as a Doptone.
Doula 助产士: The Greek definition is \"trusted servant\" or \"woman\'s servant\". Also known as a monitrice, the term refers to a woman who helps a couple through childbirth.
Early labor: This is usually when you\'ve had regular contractions for two hours or more, as frequent as every five minutes to every twenty minutes. Your cervix dilates up to three or four centimeters during this stage.
Eclampsia 子痫： Pregnancy-induced hypertension, a dangerous condition that may occur during pregnancy. Symptoms may include elevated maternal blood pressure, swelling of ankles and hands, sudden weight gain and protein in the urine. More information here. See also pre-eclampsia.
＊Ectopic (Tubal) Pregnancy 异位妊娠: A pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus. The large majority of ectopic (tubal) pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube, but some can occur in the abdominal cavity as well.
Edema 水肿，浮肿: Swelling of soft tissues as a result of excess water retention.
＊＊Effacement 子宫颈薄化度或成熟度，用百分比来表示: This refers to the thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth, and is expressed in percentages. You\'ll be 100% effaced when you begin pushing.
elderly primipara 高龄初产妇 ：妊娠年龄大于或等于35岁者
Electronic Fetal Monitor (EFM): This electronic instrument is used to record the heartbeat of the fetus and contractions of the mother\'s uterus.
Embryo 胚胎: From conception to the eighth week of pregnancy, the baby growing inside you is called an embryo.
Endometrium 子宫内膜: The blood-rich mucus membrane lining the uterus (which is usually shed as your period). The embryo implants into this lining, and takes early nourishment from it.
＊＊Engaged 入盆: When the baby\'s presenting part (usually the head) has settled into the pelvic cavity, usually in the last month of pregnancy. You are likely to notice that the baby\'s position has visibly changed and may also feel increased pressure on your bladder.
＊＊Epidural 硬膜外麻醉: A common method of administering anesthesia during labor. A small amount of anesthesia is inserted through a narrow catheter threaded thorough a needle inserted into the dura space near the spinal cord.
Episiotomy 会阴切开术: An incision made during childbirth to the perineum, the muscle between the vagina and rectum, to widen the vaginal opening for delivery.
External Version 外旋转: Performed late in pregnancy, this is where a doctor manually attempts to move a breech baby into the typical head-down position for birth.
＊Face Presentation 面先露: A relatively uncommon labor presentation, when the baby is head down but has its neck extended, as if looking down the birth canal, rather than with its chin tucked. (Also similar: brow presentation)
Failure to Progress 功能障碍性分娩: Also called dysfunctional labor. Diagnosis given to a woman who does labor does not follow a \"normal\" pattern and is severely prolonged.
Fallopian Tubes 输卵管: Two narrow \"tubes\" leading from either side of the uterus to the ovaries.
False Labor 假临产 : This is where you experience regular and/or painful contractions that do not dilate or thin the cervix. It may be impossible for you to differentiate from \"real\" labor.
Fentanyl 芬太尼: A narcotic drug generally used sparingly. Many hospitals do not offer this type of narcotic for labor pain.
Fetal Distress 胎儿窘迫: Condition when the baby is not getting enough oxygen or is experiencing some other complication. Immediate delivery may be required.
Fetal Scalp Electrode 胎儿头皮电极: Instrument used to monitor the baby\'s heartbeat while still in the uterus. This device is placed just under the skin of the baby\'s scalp. See Internal Monitoring.
Fetus 胎儿: The baby in utero, after 8 weeks of pregnancy until delivery. (Before then, it\'s considered an embryo.) The word fetus means \"young one.\" (Derivative: fetal)
＊Fontanelle 囟门： One of two \'soft spots\' between the unfused sections of the baby\'s skull. These spots may allow the baby\'s head to compress slightly during passage through the birth canal.
＊Footling Breech 足式臀位: The baby is \"upside-down\" and one or both of the baby\'s feet are presenting at the cervix before the buttocks.
Forceps 产钳: A tong-like instrument which may be placed around the baby\'s head to help guide it out of the birth canal during delivery.
Frank Breech 伸腿臀: The baby\'s buttocks are presenting at the cervix and the baby\\\'s legs are extended straight up to the baby\'s head.
Gestation 怀孕期，妊娠期: The length of pregnancy is called \"Gestation.\"
＊Gestational Diabetes 妊娠期糖尿病: A form of diabetes that appears during pregnancy (gestation). Most pregnant women are tested for this condition. It may or may not remain after the baby is born.
Group B Strep 乙型链球菌: An infection that affects 10-25% of all pregnant women and can cause serious health problems in a newborn. Many doctors screen pregnant women now because the infection can be passed to the newborn during delivery, more commonly under certain conditions (mother has fever or infection is present, amniotic bag has been ruptured for more than 18 hours or baby is premature). The bacteria that causes Strep B is commonly found in the vagina and intestinal tract.
Hemorrhage 出血: Bleeding or flow of blood either internally or externally.
Hemorrhoid 痔疮: Enlarged veins in the anus or rectum, generally caused by constipation or straining to have a bowel movement. Very common in pregnancy or after childbirth.
High-Risk Pregnancy 高危妊娠: A pregnancy where there are complications or special circumstances that may require specific medical attention or bed rest.
＊Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG)绒毛膜促性腺激素: The hormone pregnancy tests look for, secreted by the placenta. This hormone prolongs the life span of the corpus luteum as well as stimulates production of progesterone, thereby creating the ideal environment for the embryo.
＊Hydramnious 羊水过多: The medical term for a condition which involves having too much amniotic fluid.
Hyperemesis 妊娠剧吐: Extremely severe nausea (\"morning sickness\"), resulting in weight loss of five percent or more, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. It can lead to hospitalization if dehydration occurs.
Hypospadias 尿道下裂: A congenital defect of the penis where the urethra is not at the tip of the penis, but rather in the shaft. Corrected surgically.
Incompetent Cervix 子宫颈闭锁不全: A cervix that does not function properly during pregnancy and is likely to dilate prematurely and cause a miscarriage.
Incontinence 失禁: Inability to control excretions. During pregnancy, urinary incontinence can occur as the baby becomes heavy on the bladder.
＊Induced Labor 催产素引产: When labor is started or accelerated through intervention, such as by using an IV drip of the hormone oxytocin (Pitocin), placing prostaglandin gel on the cervix, or by rupturing the membranes.
Internal Monitoring 内监护: During labor, internal monitoring may be needed and is usually in the form of an electrode placed under the baby\'s scalp. See Fetal Scalp Electrode.
Intramuscular Narcotics 肌肉注射止痛法: Pain relievers that are administered by injection into the muscle.
Intrathecal 鞘内的: This procedure involves administering medicine into the fluid around the spinal cord.
Intubate 插管: Meaning \"to put a tube in\", refers to procedure where a tube is placed down the person\'s throat to assist breathing or for other medical reasons.
IUGR 宫内(胎儿)生长迟缓,宫内发育迟缓: Intrauterine growth retardation: The growth of the fetus is abnormally slow. After the birth, the baby appears smaller than the dates say he or she should be.
Jaundice (neonatal) 新生儿黄疸: A somewhat common condition in newborn babies, marked by a yellowing of the skin and caused by the immature liver\\\'s inability to process excess red blood cells. Treatment for mild cases will include allowing your baby to spend time in sunlight, though in more severe cases, the baby will be admitted to the hospital and placed under lights which synthesize the sun\'s rays (minus harmful UV radiation).
Kegel Exercises 凯格尔运动或骨盆底肌肉运动(pelvic floor muscle exercises): These exercises are done in order to strengthen the pelvic floor during delivery (to help you push more efficiently) and to assist your body in recovering from childbirth. They are most simply done by contracting and holding the muscles used to stop the flow of urine.
Labia 阴唇: The inner and outer \"lips\" of the vulva (vagina) - the external female genitalia. The outer labia (labia majora) usually have pubic hair and the smaller inner lips (labia minora) are mostly hidden inside.
＊Labor 阵痛: Regular contractions of the uterus that result in dilation and effacement of the cervix.
＊Lamaze 呼吸减产痛——拉玛泽生产呼吸法: A childbirth preparation method where relaxation, breathing techniques and informed decisions are paramount. For more information, see the Lamaze homepage.
Leopold Maneuver 利奥波德手法: A set of four movements used to ascertain the baby\'s position within the uterus. This is done by your healthcare provider placing his or her hands on your belly, and to used determine the baby\'s presentation (head up or down) and lie (facing right, left, back or front).
＊Leukorrhea 白带: Whitish mucousy vaginal discharge, common during pregnancy. Talk to your healthcare provider if there is a lot of discharge, you notice a strong or offensive odor, or if accompanied by labial.vaginal itching or swelling.
＊Lightening 胎儿下降感 : When the baby \\\"drops\\\" in preparation for delivery. See also Engagement.
LMP 末次月经: Acronym stands for last menstrual period.
＊Lochia 恶露: A period-like discharge from the vagina that occurs after delivery. The discharge will probably be exceptionally heavy at first and may last five to six weeks.
Magnesium Sulfate 硫酸镁: One of the stronger drugs given through IV to stop or slow labor.
Malpresentation 先露异常: Baby is not \\\"presenting\\\" (positioned in the pelvis) in the anterior (normal) position. There are different types of malpresentation (see breech presentation, face presentation, and posterior).
＊Meconium 胎粪: Baby\\\'s first bowel movement, this is the greenish substance that builds up in the bowels of a growing fetus and is normally discharged shortly after birth.
Midwife 助产士，接生婆: A DEM (Direct Entry Midwife) assists homebirths while a CPM (Certified Professional Midwife) assists births that take place in the hospital or birthing center. Both health care providers offer prenatal care and strive to reduce c-section rates, traumatic deliveries and un-needed medical intervention.
Mittelschmerz 经间痛: Some women feel an abdominal pain or twinge - mittelschmerz, literally meaning \\\"middle pain\\\" - upon ovulation. Molding 塑形: Because the newborn\\\'s skull bones are not yet fused (to assist the birthing process), baby\\\'s heads can look \\\"coned\\\" or squished. This molding will not be permanent.
Mucous Plug 子宫口的粘液栓塞，平时用来防止细菌，分娩前会流出，造成分泌物增多: Pinkish mucous discharge - which blocks the cervix during pregnancy - that you may see when the cervix starts to open. Also called the \\\'show\\\' or \\\'bloody show\\\', it is generally considered a sign that labor will soon begin.
＊Neonatal 新生儿的: Referring to the newborn period (the first four weeks of life).
Neonatalogist 新生儿学家: A specialist who cares for newborns.
NICU 新生儿重症监护治疗病房: Acronym standing for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Non-stress Test 非应激试验(人为引起子宫收缩查胎儿心搏数、了解胎儿健康情况): A noninvasive test in which fetal movements are monitored and recorded, along with changes in fetal heart rate.
Nubain纳布啡注射剂: Synthetic narcotic pain reliever commonly used in labor and delivery.
＊Obstetrician 产科医师: A doctor who specializes in pregnancy, labor and delivery.
＊Oligohydramnious 羊水过少: The medical term for a condition which involves having too little amniotic fluid.
Oxytocin 催产素: The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates contractions and the milk-eject reflex (let-down). Pitocin is the synthetic form of this hormone.
Pelvic Floor 骨盆底: Describes the area of the vulva, perineum, and anus. The pelvic floor muscles are the muscles a woman tries to loosen while giving birth.
Perineum 会阴: The muscle and tissue between the vagina and the rectum.
Phenergan 异丙嗪: A drug used as a sedative and also to control nausea and vomiting.
pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) 妊娠诱发的高血压: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. See Eclampsia and Pre-eclampsia.
＊Pitocin 催产素: Synthetic oxytocin (a hormone that stimulates contractions, among other things) given through intravenous drip (IV) to stimulate labor.
Placenta Previa 前置胎盘: This condition is usually discovered in late pregnancy when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.. (The placenta lies very low in the uterus, so that the opening of the uterus is partially or completely covered.)
＊Placenta 胎盘: This is the tissue which connects the mother and fetus that transports nourishment and takes away waste.
Posterior 后部，臀部: Describing the baby\\\'s face-up position during delivery . Normal presentation is anterior (face down). Posterior deliveries generally cause back labor (back pain).
Postpartum 产后: The period of time after a baby\\\'s birth.
postterm pregnancy， prolonged pregnancy 过期妊娠 : Pregnancy lasting more than 42 weeks.
precocious pregnancy 幼女妊娠，妊娠年龄小于或等于12岁者。
Pre-eclampsia 先兆子痫: The precursor to eclampsia, this a condition involving high blood pressure, swelling due to fluid retention, and abnormal kidney function. More information here.
presentation 胎儿先露 有头部先露(cephalic vertex of presentation), 臀部先露(breech of presentation)， 肩部先露也称横位( shoulder of presentation)
Preterm 早产: Babies born earlier than 37 weeks.
＊PROM 胎膜早破: Acronym stands for premature rupture of membranes and means a woman\\\'s water has broken early.
Prostaglandin Cream or Gel 前列腺素胶: Medication used to ripen the cervix before induction.
Pubic Symphysis 耻骨联合: The joint between the pubic bones at the front of the pelvis.
PUBS 经皮脐血抽样，经皮脐带血标本: Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling: Similar to amniocentesis. A needle is inserted into the mother\\\'s abdominal wall and through the uterus, but is also inserted into the umbilical cord at the base of the placenta. Blood is drawn for diagnostic purposes.
Pudendal Block 阴部神经阻滞: A term used to describe a procedure that gives regional pain relief in the perineum area during birth. Also used when repairing an episiotomy.
Rh Factor / Rh Disease Rh因子；凝集因子: Occurs in Rh positive infants whose mothers have Rh Negative blood (lacking the Rh factor)and the father has Rh positive blood. If some of the baby\\\'s Rh positive blood cells get into the mother\\\'s blood stream, her body produces antibodies that will try to fight them off. If this happens during pregnancy or childbirth, the mother\\\'s cells try to destroy the baby\\\'s red blood cells.
＊Ruptured Membranes 膜破裂: Usually referred to as \\\"breaking of the water bag\\\", this is when the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the baby breaks or tears. You may notice a gush of water or a slow leak, and may not even be certain that what you\\\'re experiencing isn\\\'t simple incontinence. If you suspect your water has broken, you must inform your health care provider immediately. You should also prepare to have your baby, as the risk of infection increases if the baby is not delivered within 24 hours of the rupture.
Shoulder Dystocia 肩难产: The baby\\\'s shoulder gets caught on the mother\\\'s pubic bone during delivery.
Silver Nitrate 硝酸银: Generally administered in both eyes within the first hour of life, this medication is used to prevent serious problems in the newborn\\\'s eyes in the event that the mother has gonorrhea (a VSD that is common and can be present without symptoms). Tetracycline and erythromycin can be substituted.
Speculum 窥器，张开器: A metal or plastic instrument used to open the vagina slightly wider so that the cervix can be seen more easily.
Stadol 酒石酸布托啡诺制剂: A narcotic pain reliever commonly used during labor and delivery.
Station: This is the measure of how far the baby has traveled down the birth canal. \\\"Zero station\\\" means he hasn\\\'t yet descended, while \\\"fully engaged\\\" means he is ready to be born.
Stress Test 应力试验: This test records the fetal heart rate in response to induced mild contractions of the uterus. See also Non-stress test.
Teratogens 致畸原: Agents such as drugs, chemicals and infections that can cause birth defects when a mother is exposed to them during pregnancy.
Term 足月妊娠: Referring to a 40 week pregnancy (\\\"full term\\\", \\\"preterm\\\" and \\\"post term\\\").
Timing contractions: Contractions are usually measured from the beginning of one until the beginning of the next. Time your contractions with a stopwatch or the second hand on a clock. Take note also of the duration of each individual contraction.
Toxemia 妊娠中毒症: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, a dangerous condition that may occur during pregnancy. Symptoms may include elevated maternal blood pressure, swelling of ankles and hands, sudden weight gain and protein in the urine. See Eclampsia and PIH.
Toxoplasmosis 弓形体病: This disease is caused by an organism found in raw and rare meat, garden soil and cat feces. It is typically not harmful to adults, but can cause injury to the fetus and placenta.
Transition: This is the phase after active labor when the cervix finishes dilating to 10 centimeters. Contractions are the strongest and closest together during this phase (which is also the shortest phase).
Transverse 横的，横位的: Describes the side-lying (where the baby\\\'s body length is horizontal in the uterus) position of the baby before birth. Unless moved, the baby will have to be delivered by c-section.
＊Ultrasound 超声: This test uses sound waves to view and examine the fetus or view the internal organs. It can also be used to measure bone size (usually femur length and skull diameter) to aid in gauging the gestational age of the fetus.
＊Umbilical Cord 脐带: The cord that carries blood, oxygen and nutrients to the baby from the placenta during pregnancy.
＊Uterus 子宫: The uterus is your baby\\\'s home during gestation. Also referred to as the womb, the uterus is hollow with a thick, muscular wall, and is considered the strongest muscle in the human body.
Vacuum Extractor 真空吸引器: An instrument that attaches to the baby\\\'s head and helps guide it out of the birth canal during delivery.
Vagina 阴道: The internal female genitalia where sperm are deposited. Also called the vaginal canal during birth.
VBAC: Acronym stands for vaginal birth after cesarean.
Vernix: A greasy white substance coats and protects the baby\\\'s skin in utero. Some babies happen to be born with lots of vernix still on the skin. It is harmless, no longer necessary, and will be washed or wiped off.
Vulva 外阴: The vulva is the external female genitalia, and includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening.
Waterbirth 水中分娩: A birth that takes place in a sterile birthing tub or pool.
以下是引用mousebaby在2008-7-30 15:49:00的发言： Midwife 助产士，接生婆: A DEM (Direct Entry Midwife) assists homebirths while a CPM (Certified Professional Midwife) assists births that take place in the hospital or birthing center. Both health care providers offer prenatal care and strive to reduce c-section rates, traumatic deliveries and un-needed medical intervention.
Mittelschmerz 经间痛: Some women feel an abdominal pain or twinge - mittelschmerz, literally meaning \\\"middle pain\\\" - upon ovulation. Molding 塑形: Because the newborn\\\'s skull bones are not yet fused (to assist the birthing process), baby\\\'s heads can look \\\"coned\\\" or squished. This molding will not be permanent.
Mucous Plug 子宫口的粘液栓塞，平时用来防止细菌，分娩前会流出，造成分泌物增多: Pinkish mucous discharge - which blocks the cervix during pregnancy - that you may see when the cervix starts to open. Also called the \\\'show\\\' or \\\'bloody show\\\', it is generally considered a sign that labor will soon begin.
＊Neonatal 新生儿的: Referring to the newborn period (the first four weeks of life).
Neonatalogist 新生儿学家: A specialist who cares for newborns.
NICU 新生儿重症监护治疗病房: Acronym standing for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Non-stress Test 非应激试验(人为引起子宫收缩查胎儿心搏数、了解胎儿健康情况): A noninvasive test in which fetal movements are monitored and recorded, along with changes in fetal heart rate.
Nubain纳布啡注射剂: Synthetic narcotic pain reliever commonly used in labor and delivery.
＊Obstetrician 产科医师: A doctor who specializes in pregnancy, labor and delivery.
＊Oligohydramnious 羊水过少: The medical term for a condition which involves having too little amniotic fluid.
Oxytocin 催产素: The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates contractions and the milk-eject reflex (let-down). Pitocin is the synthetic form of this hormone.
Pelvic Floor 骨盆底: Describes the area of the vulva, perineum, and anus. The pelvic floor muscles are the muscles a woman tries to loosen while giving birth.
Perineum 会阴: The muscle and tissue between the vagina and the rectum.
Phenergan 异丙嗪: A drug used as a sedative and also to control nausea and vomiting.
pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) 妊娠诱发的高血压: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. See Eclampsia and Pre-eclampsia.
＊Pitocin 催产素: Synthetic oxytocin (a hormone that stimulates contractions, among other things) given through intravenous drip (IV) to stimulate labor.
Placenta Previa 前置胎盘: This condition is usually discovered in late pregnancy when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.. (The placenta lies very low in the uterus, so that the opening of the uterus is partially or completely covered.)
＊Placenta 胎盘: This is the tissue which connects the mother and fetus that transports nourishment and takes away waste.
Posterior 后部，臀部: Describing the baby\\\'s face-up position during delivery . Normal presentation is anterior (face down). Posterior deliveries generally cause back labor (back pain).
Postpartum 产后: The period of time after a baby\\\'s birth.
postterm pregnancy， prolonged pregnancy 过期妊娠 : Pregnancy lasting more than 42 weeks.
precocious pregnancy 幼女妊娠，妊娠年龄小于或等于12岁者。
Pre-eclampsia 先兆子痫: The precursor to eclampsia, this a condition involving high blood pressure, swelling due to fluid retention, and abnormal kidney function. More information here.
presentation 胎儿先露 有头部先露(cephalic vertex of presentation), 臀部先露(breech of presentation)， 肩部先露也称横位( shoulder of presentation)
Preterm 早产: Babies born earlier than 37 weeks.
＊PROM 胎膜早破: Acronym stands for premature rupture of membranes and means a woman\\\'s water has broken early.
Prostaglandin Cream or Gel 前列腺素胶: Medication used to ripen the cervix before induction.
Pubic Symphysis 耻骨联合: The joint between the pubic bones at the front of the pelvis.
PUBS 经皮脐血抽样，经皮脐带血标本: Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling: Similar to amniocentesis. A needle is inserted into the mother\\\'s abdominal wall and through the uterus, but is also inserted into the umbilical cord at the base of the placenta. Blood is drawn for diagnostic purposes.
Pudendal Block 阴部神经阻滞: A term used to describe a procedure that gives regional pain relief in the perineum area during birth. Also used when repairing an episiotomy.
Rh Factor / Rh Disease Rh因子；凝集因子: Occurs in Rh positive infants whose mothers have Rh Negative blood (lacking the Rh factor)and the father has Rh positive blood. If some of the baby\\\'s Rh positive blood cells get into the mother\\\'s blood stream, her body produces antibodies that will try to fight them off. If this happens during pregnancy or childbirth, the mother\\\'s cells try to destroy the baby\\\'s red blood cells.
＊Ruptured Membranes 膜破裂: Usually referred to as \\\"breaking of the water bag\\\", this is when the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the baby breaks or tears. You may notice a gush of water or a slow leak, and may not even be certain that what you\\\'re experiencing isn\\\'t simple incontinence. If you suspect your water has broken, you must inform your health care provider immediately. You should also prepare to have your baby, as the risk of infection increases if the baby is not delivered within 24 hours of the rupture.
Shoulder Dystocia 肩难产: The baby\\\'s shoulder gets caught on the mother\\\'s pubic bone during delivery.
Silver Nitrate 硝酸银: Generally administered in both eyes within the first hour of life, this medication is used to prevent serious problems in the newborn\\\'s eyes in the event that the mother has gonorrhea (a VSD that is common and can be present without symptoms). Tetracycline and erythromycin can be substituted.
Speculum 窥器，张开器: A metal or plastic instrument used to open the vagina slightly wider so that the cervix can be seen more easily.
Stadol 酒石酸布托啡诺制剂: A narcotic pain reliever commonly used during labor and delivery.
Station: This is the measure of how far the baby has traveled down the birth canal. \\\"Zero station\\\" means he hasn\\\'t yet descended, while \\\"fully engaged\\\" means he is ready to be born.
Stress Test 应力试验: This test records the fetal heart rate in response to induced mild contractions of the uterus. See also Non-stress test.
Teratogens 致畸原: Agents such as drugs, chemicals and infections that can cause birth defects when a mother is exposed to them during pregnancy.
Term 足月妊娠: Referring to a 40 week pregnancy (\\\"full term\\\", \\\"preterm\\\" and \\\"post term\\\").
Timing contractions: Contractions are usually measured from the beginning of one until the beginning of the next. Time your contractions with a stopwatch or the second hand on a clock. Take note also of the duration of each individual contraction.
Toxemia 妊娠中毒症: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, a dangerous condition that may occur during pregnancy. Symptoms may include elevated maternal blood pressure, swelling of ankles and hands, sudden weight gain and protein in the urine. See Eclampsia and PIH.
Toxoplasmosis 弓形体病: This disease is caused by an organism found in raw and rare meat, garden soil and cat feces. It is typically not harmful to adults, but can cause injury to the fetus and placenta.
Transition: This is the phase after active labor when the cervix finishes dilating to 10 centimeters. Contractions are the strongest and closest together during this phase (which is also the shortest phase).
Transverse 横的，横位的: Describes the side-lying (where the baby\\\'s body length is horizontal in the uterus) position of the baby before birth. Unless moved, the baby will have to be delivered by c-section.
＊Ultrasound 超声: This test uses sound waves to view and examine the fetus or view the internal organs. It can also be used to measure bone size (usually femur length and skull diameter) to aid in gauging the gestational age of the fetus.
＊Umbilical Cord 脐带: The cord that carries blood, oxygen and nutrients to the baby from the placenta during pregnancy.
＊Uterus 子宫: The uterus is your baby\\\'s home during gestation. Also referred to as the womb, the uterus is hollow with a thick, muscular wall, and is considered the strongest muscle in the human body.
Vacuum Extractor 真空吸引器: An instrument that attaches to the baby\\\'s head and helps guide it out of the birth canal during delivery.
Vagina 阴道: The internal female genitalia where sperm are deposited. Also called the vaginal canal during birth.
VBAC: Acronym stands for vaginal birth after cesarean.
Vernix: A greasy white substance coats and protects the baby\\\'s skin in utero. Some babies happen to be born with lots of vernix still on the skin. It is harmless, no longer necessary, and will be washed or wiped off.
Vulva 外阴: The vulva is the external female genitalia, and includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening.
Waterbirth 水中分娩: A birth that takes place in a sterile birthing tub or pool. 幸好我的ob是中国人啊..
偶和ld也是，老想着去gym，每个quarter都白交银子，可实在去的太少太少了
那就别交了。
我也用的是那个做凉面。是台湾五木牌山东拉面的。推荐！
我家也只吃这个牌子的干面，很耐煮，也筋斗
我公婆也想用布尿布，说对男孩子的小JJ比较健康
前天老公打电话，关上房门对他们进行教育，貌似现在双方达成一定协议
大部分时候用一次性的，白天他们有精力可以折腾布尿布，但是我们不帮着折腾
其实我觉得到时候事情一多，他们自己都不见得能够坚持用
据说真的会增加很多事情，会非常累的
我妈也老说用布的，我说我原则上不反对，但是据我在网上考古总结，一般就算开始决心要用布的，最后坚持下来的也是少数。你来了以后咱们可以试试，如果真的好用也洗的过来我也不反对，但是尿不湿我还是要屯上的。
是说只有礼拜五一天吗？那我们就pass了。没车。
看来是得。我打算去了
等CVS得DEAL太累了。
真羡慕你们，我的工作路咋就这么不顺利呢？当初找工作找了很久，因为英语不好，然后又没有身份，所以很难找。好不容易找到一个工作吧，然后又怀孕了，怀孕本来可以继续工作的，但是我明显感觉出头头对我刚进公司就怀孕的事情有些不满，另外也觉得我的工作表现一般般，4月份的时候也不帮我弄身份，于是我觉得这个工作比较悬，与其耗在这里浪费我的cpt的时间，还不如早点走人，另外工作也跟我的专业不对口，压力很大，risk也比较大，每天都不知道在干些什么。。。总之就是不顺心。。。所以就干脆自己主动quit了。
现在呆家一段时间，总是愁再怎么能找到新的工作啊。。。我现在在中部，工作机会不多，如果没有孩子的话，我肯定就跑东西海岸，怎么样还会有机会找到工作。但是现在带着孩子，就像是被绑着了，不能说想去哪里就去哪里了。然后父母签证又没有过，也没人帮我带孩子。。。老公的专业也不好找工作，学业也不怎么顺利。。。哎，真不知道我们以后一家三口该怎么过日子。。。想起来就比较郁闷。。。
父母不能来的话送daycare开支太大了，那mm你还不如读书带孩子。一切会好起来的，也许明后年孩子大了你毕业了经济就好了。
还有国内用布尿布我觉得经济因素也很重要，我朋友说pampers 在国内都很贵，基本就是这边原价乘7，还不像这边老有个deal什么的可以搞一下，合2，3块人民币一片呢，还是挺贵的。
其实就是经济问题
国内尿布卖得太贵，收入又低。要不谁愿意天天洗那个玩意儿
我妈上次去店里，看见人家买尿布，在那里算费用。后来说 一天一半用尿布，一半用布。要不消费不起。
快去摸吧。她可是业界的香饽饽呢。大家抢着要。
我觉得mousebaby的职业没准跟时尚有关，她逛街也是对工作有用的。真是羡慕到口水直流！
我爸妈包括我那80岁的奶奶都知道，可是他爸妈不知道啊，还觉得我们是在骗他们的，再加上我老公从来不跟家里说不好的事情，每次打电话都是很好很好的，所以导致了他爸妈的错误观点，我也跟我老公说了，可是人家说了，就是不要让他爸妈操心！感觉我老公都成凤凰男了，哦，不，凤凰男基本上还都有点钱，他连钱都没几个，还不够格，呵呵！
慢慢纠正吧，这个观念还是一定要纠正的，粉重要粉重要的，不然要被人当提款机了
我PP家到不觉得我们在享福, 上次LG给他姐电话, 说到我现在吃什么, 我LG说尽量让我每周都吃一两次鱼了, 结果被他姐姐很BS的说天天要喝鱼汤
偶的ob说一周最多吃两次鱼，因为深海鱼里含有水银
看来是得。我打算去了
等CVS得DEAL太累了。
你知道现在还哪里有CVS 4 off 20的哭胖吗？
都是3M之前的吗？
我前两天整理宝宝衣服，发现我买的好少啊。3M之前的只有5件....
还有一些3M到12M之间的，加起来可能也就是20多件....
我效率太低了，商店没少逛，东西买到现在都不够。
我想是不是还要买点0-3M的长袖长裤连体衣？
我问过好多邻居家的妈妈们，他们都强烈建议不要买很多0-3个月的衣服，如果你觉得衣服少，少屯点3-6个月或6-9个月的衣服吧
我看一个邻居小女孩，不胖，她妈妈说她才8个月都能穿1岁半的衣服了，一个胖点的9个月女宝宝都穿2T的衣服了。
你知道现在还哪里有CVS 4 off 20的哭胖吗？
去CVS用不同得EMAIL注册，多搞点地址
要不就没了，现在查得太严了，每个COUPON都是要跟REWARD卡连起来用才行
[此贴子已经被作者于2008-7-30 14:54:01编辑过]
通过今天的讨论，我深深体会到，会说会做很重要。傻干活是不提倡的。
深有同感！我也嘴笨，光知道干活，也吃亏！
去CVS用不同得EMAIL注册，多搞点地址
要不就没了，现在查得太严了，每个COUPON都是要跟REWARD卡连起来用才行
[此贴子已经被作者于2008-7-30 14:54:01编辑过]
好的我试试。
我问过好多邻居家的妈妈们，他们都强烈建议不要买很多0-3个月的衣服，如果你觉得衣服少，少屯点3-6个月或6-9个月的衣服吧
我看一个邻居小女孩，不胖，她妈妈说她才8个月都能穿1岁半的衣服了，一个胖点的9个月女宝宝都穿2T的衣服了。
恩，我0-3的再买两件和尚服就好了。之后的慢慢买吧，反正我发现deal总是有的。
你知道现在还哪里有CVS 4 off 20的哭胖吗？
walgreen这周倒是有个5 off 20的。不知道值不值得用来屯尿布。
walgreen这周倒是有个5 off 20的。不知道值不值得用来屯尿布。
还凑合吧。
一边削一边培养点小习惯把。
比如说晚上回来先拥抱一下，上床以后，亲一下。有时候耍个赖，明明亲了，说没亲，多亲一下。软硬兼施，啥刺猬都把刺拔光光，让他变成兔子～～～
真sweet! 我觉得我们结婚5年了，都快夫妻变成朋友了。
我觉得mousebaby的职业没准跟时尚有关，她逛街也是对工作有用的。真是羡慕到口水直流！
上一份工作确实有关, 现在完全没关系拉
偶的ob说一周最多吃两次鱼，因为深海鱼里含有水银
是这样的, 他姐姐说的是喝小鲫鱼汤, 那个我们这里哪里有啊
刚爬完楼，也上来说个郁闷的事吧，昨天开始我就不理我老公了，事情是这样的，这次我妈要去签证，打算住半年后让我婆婆也去签证来美国一次，我老公为了省钱，就把给我妈和我婆婆准备的签证材料一起用FEDEX寄到了我家，让我爸妈到时候再给他妈送去，我们打算让我婆婆11月份去签证，我妈8月1日签证去，本来都说好的事，也没什么大不了的。可是前一阵子，我老公说我婆婆想尽快拿到签证材料，因为她是农村人，没什么文化，不认识什么字，需要反复熟悉材料，可是我觉得现在又不急，我妈正在忙着准备签证的事，等她签完了再说，昨天晚上我给我妈打电话，说了我婆婆想尽快拿到材料的事，我妈听了很生气，她说，我老公家在昆山，离上海开车也就1小时左右，他妈要是急，就可以叫我老公的姐夫开车来拿，反正他姐夫和他爸妈住在一起，又有私车，方便的很，再说了，我妈说她特生气，我婆婆既然急着要材料怎么连个电话都不打给我妈，难道还要我爸妈大老远的坐公车给她送去啊，而且现在也不急啊，我妈正准备签证的事呢！我觉得我妈讲的也有道理，所以昨晚跟我老公说，等我妈签完证了，让他爸妈到我们家去一次，也打个电话给我妈！我觉得我妈气是主要因为自从我怀孕后，我公婆从来没打电话给我爸妈，交流一些信息什么的，再加上当年我们结婚的时候，我公婆都没跟我爸妈见过面，我妈说了，如果是一南一北，离的远也就算了，但两家离的那么近，他爸妈也不懂礼貌上门来一次，或者至少也打个电话什么的吧，但是我公婆什么也没做，结婚后有一次我和我爸妈到他家去，我公公还很了不起的告诉我妈，他儿子是中科院的博士生什么什么的，让我妈听了很不舒服，再加上我妈上次来美国回国后到他家里去告诉我公婆我们在美国生活的也不容易，我婆婆还让我妈别在外人面前说这话，他们是要面子的人，一直说我们在美国过的有多舒服，让我妈听了很不舒服，觉得他们是死要面子的人……，我昨晚就跟我老公说了，要是方便的话让我婆婆打个电话到我家，聊聊家常也行，让我妈好受点，可是我老公还固执的认为我们家无理取闹，他认为打不打电话又无所谓，也说我不可理喻，所以我气死了，想当初我刚怀孕的时候，我那婆婆三天两头打电话来，她以前可是从来不主动打电话给我们的，还老说要寄东西给我吃（实际什么都没有寄过），还说让我别工作了，当时我还挺感动的，可是后来知道是女生后，她就基本不打什么电话了，唉……还是自己的爸妈疼自己啊！！！我老公也不管我的感受，还说我不可理喻，没事找事，气死我了！
mm还是不要气了。我觉得这事儿要你老公去跟你公婆说，你就关心自己爸妈的签证情况就好。我前一阵子也遇到类似的事情，郁闷。后来想想其实都离我远的很，还是照顾好自己跟宝宝要紧。
是这样的, 他姐姐说的是喝小鲫鱼汤, 那个我们这里哪里有啊
再次体现了国内怀孕生孩子有多幸福。
再次体现了国内怀孕生孩子有多幸福。
其实我们这里吃含DHA的孕妇维生素，还有含omega3 的鸡蛋，炒菜油啥的也是一样的。只是口福没那么好。
别生气。其实国内的很多东西这边反倒不太适合用，比如开裆裤，棉袄棉裤什么的。所以你不如下次和婆婆说，多谢他们的心意，这边穿的是不太一样的衣服，用的这边也都是便宜质量又好，所以就不用他们操心了。
我婆婆给我宝宝买了5套衣服..然后拿给我看..一直问我要不要退要不要退..我恨起来就让她拿去退了..
我婆婆给我宝宝买了5套衣服..然后拿给我看..一直问我要不要退要不要退..我恨起来就让她拿去退了..
哈哈, 你PP听起来好喜欢唠叨
我婆婆给我宝宝买了5套衣服..然后拿给我看..一直问我要不要退要不要退..我恨起来就让她拿去退了..
干吗一个劲儿问你要不要退呀？
干吗一个劲儿问你要不要退呀？
她以买了小孩衣服为借口..让我把车借给我大姑姐开2月..我咬死不答应..她大概觉得目的没达到不需要付出吧..就把那些衣服一件一件拿出来问我要不要退...那我就说我衣服都买了差不多了.你拿去退好了
再次体现了国内怀孕生孩子有多幸福。
是亚，我无比怀念在国内吃新鲜活鱼的好日子亚~
我嫂子喂奶的时候，每天都能喝到我爸妈专门做的鱼汤，幸福死了~
再次体现了国内怀孕生孩子有多幸福。
今天看了个贴说上海一个女的生孩子..预产期前一天生的..孩子才3斤..她胖了40斤..确实大补阿
她以买了小孩衣服为借口..让我把车借给我大姑姐开2月..我咬死不答应..她大概觉得目的没达到不需要付出吧..就把那些衣服一件一件拿出来问我要不要退...那我就说我衣服都买了差不多了.你拿去退好了
这样更好，省的她以后念叨了。
今天看了个贴说上海一个女的生孩子..预产期前一天生的..孩子才3斤..她胖了40斤..确实大补阿
她以买了小孩衣服为借口..让我把车借给我大姑姐开2月..我咬死不答应..她大概觉得目的没达到不需要付出吧..就把那些衣服一件一件拿出来问我要不要退...那我就说我衣服都买了差不多了.你拿去退好了
太寒了。。。
今天看了个贴说上海一个女的生孩子..预产期前一天生的..孩子才3斤..她胖了40斤..确实大补阿
哈哈，我同学胖了５０斤，孩子５斤。
今天看了个贴说上海一个女的生孩子..预产期前一天生的..孩子才3斤..她胖了40斤..确实大补阿
这也太汗了~可足月的宝宝怎么才3斤呢？
怀孕及分娩常用术语与解析
怀孕和生宝宝时对于OB讲的一些名词，如dilation, effacement之类，即便找到对应的
中文，仍是身在云里雾中、不解其义。这几天研究了一番，现在将结果向JMs汇报一下，
希望也能帮大家解决一些疑团啊。
Abruptio Placenta (Placental Abruption,premature separation of planceta) 胎
盘早剥: The placenta has started to separate from the uterine wall before
the baby is born.
ACOG 美国妇产科医师学会: The American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists is a private, voluntary, nonprofit organization of women\'s
healthcare professionals. The ACOG currently has over 37,000 physician
members. For more information, visit their website at http://www.acog.com/.
Active Labor: The period of time when your cervix dilates between four
and eight centimeters. Contractions usually come between three and five
minutes apart, dilating the cervix approximately one centimeter (one\"finger\")
per hour.
Alpha-Fetoprotein 甲胎蛋白: A test that assesses the risk (does not
diagnose) of neural tube defects and Down Syndrome. Usually given between
the 15-20 weeks; preferred at 16 weeks.
＊Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺: This procedure entails drawing a small quantity
of amniotic fluid from the sac surrounding the fetus. The particles of the
baby\'s sloughed-off skin cells floating in the water are then tested for
fetal abnormalities.
＊Amniotic Fluid 羊水: This protective liquid, consisting mostly of fetal
urine and water, fills the sac surrounding the fetus.
Amniotic Sac(bag of waters) 胎膜囊: The sac that holds the protective
liquid called amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus.
＊Anemia 贫血: An iron deficiency common in pregnancy.
Anesthesiologist 麻醉师: A doctor who administers drugs like an epidural.
Anterior 前部： Baby faces the correct way (face down) when emerging from
the uterus.
Apgar Score 阿氏评分 : This is a measurement of a newborn\\\'s response to birth
and life outside the womb. Ratings are based on Appearance (color); Pulse (
heartbeat); Grimace (reflex); Activity (muscle tone) and Respiration (
breathing). The score is taken at 1 and 5 minutes (sometimes also at 10
minutes) after birth, the high score being 10 and the low score being 1.
This scale was named for its creator, Virginia Apgar (1909-1974).
Areola 乳晕 : The dark area encircling the nipple. (When breastfeeding, you
will need to make sure the baby latches onto the areola, not just the nipple.)
Arias-Stell reaction 阿-斯反应：简称\"A-S反应\"。宫外孕时子宫内膜上皮细胞及核
呈肥大改变。
AROM 人工破水: Acronym stands for artificial rupture of membranes. It means that a
doctor or midwife breaks the woman\'s water to begin labor.
Basal Body Temperature (BBT)基础体 : Your base body temperature - that is,
before movement, caloric consumption or anything else is factored in.
Betamethasone 倍他米松: A common drug used to help develop the baby\\\'s lungs
when it appears the woman will deliver prematurely. Given by injection into
the mother\\\'s muscle.
Bilirubin 胆红素: The waste product that results from the breakdown of
hemoglobin molecules from worn out red blood cells. It is normally excreted
from the body as the main component of bile. See Jaundice.
Birthing Ball : A large rubber ball, about 25 inches in circumference, used
during labor. The woman can sit on the ball and rock or bounce lightly, or
she can lie on top of the ball and rock.
Birthing Center: A medical facility used as an alternative to a homebirth
or a hospital birth. Usually simulates the homebirth experience, but has
medical resources.
Bloody Show 见红: Blood-tinged mucous from the vagina. May mean you are
losing the mucous plug that has sealed off the cervix up to this point.
Bradley Method 布雷德利法: Also known as \"Husband-coached Childbirth\",
instructors teach natural breathing, encourage husband support,
breastfeeding, etc. For more information, see the Bradley Method site.
Braxton-Hicks Contractions 早期宫缩(医学名称叫布雷顿希克斯宫缩): These
\"practice\" contractions occur at various times during pregnancy, but can
increase in intensity during your last month. They happen at random and are
typically not painful. They do not dilate the cervix as \"real\" contractions
do.
＊Breech Presentation 臀先露 : Where the fetus is positioned head up to be
born buttocks first or with one or both feet first. Breech positioning is
relatively uncommon, occurring in fewer than five percent of all births.
Brethine (Terbutaline) 硫酸特布他林: Drug used in pregnancy to slow or stop
labor because even though it is an asthma medication, it relaxes smooth
muscles, and the uterus is a smooth muscle.
Catheter 导管: A small, flexible tube. Catheters are commonly used in
epidurals and when a woman cannot urinate (a catheter is placed up the
urethra and into the bladder)--commonly referred to as \"being cathed\".
Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) 头盆不称: The term given when the size,
presentation, and position of the baby\'s head in relationship to the mom\'s
pelvis prevents dilation of the cervix and/or decent of the baby\'s head.
The baby is too large to safely pass through the mother\'s pelvis.
Cervidil 地诺前列酮制剂: A medication used to ripen the cervix before
induction (or to induce labor by itself).
＊Cervix 宫颈: The entrance to the uterus.
＊Cesarean(C.S) 剖宫产: An incision through the abdominal and uterine walls
for extraction of the fetus; it may be vertical or more commonly, horizontal.
Also called abdominal delivery; commonly called C-Section. (-section, -
birth, -delivery)
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)绒毛标本采取: This procedure tests for
genetic fetal defects by analyzing a piece of chorion, which is the outer
tissues of the sac surrounding the embryo. CVS can be done earlier than
amniocentesis, typically between 9 and 11 weeks of pregnancy.
＊＊Colostrum 初乳: Baby\'s first food, this is a thin white fluid discharged
from the breasts at the beginning of milk production, and usually noticeable
during the last few weeks of pregnancy (though may appear in tiny amounts
as early as 16 weeks). Colostrum is rich in antibodies.
Complete Breech 完全臀位: The baby\'s buttocks are presenting at the cervix,
but the legs are folded \"indian style\",making vaginal delivery difficult or
impossible.
Conception 妊娠，受孕: When the sperm penetrates the egg, a new life has
been created.
＊Contraction 宫缩: The regular tightening of the uterus, working to dilate
and efface the cervix and to push the baby down the birth canal.
Cord Prolapse 脐带脱垂: Describes a condition where the umbilical cord slips
down below the baby and into the vaginal canal during birth and is directly
blocking the baby from being born without compressing the cord (which would
cut off baby\'s oxygen and blood supply).
Crowned/Crowning 着冠: Describes when the baby\'s head is pushing though the
fully dilated cervix and ready to pass into the birth canal.
Demerol 度冷丁: A narcotic pain reliever commonly used in labor and delivery.
＊＊Dilation 子宫口扩张度，一般用0-10指来表示: The amount the cervix has
opened in preparation for childbirth, dilation is measured in centimeters or,
less accurately, in \"fingers.\" \"Fully dilated\" means you\'re at 10
centimeters and are ready to push.
Doppler 多普勒仪: A device which employs ultrasound to listen to the fetal
heart. Sometimes referred to as a Doptone.
Doula 助产士: The Greek definition is \"trusted servant\" or \"woman\'s servant\".
Also known as a monitrice, the term refers to a woman who helps a couple
through childbirth.
Early labor: This is usually when you\'ve had regular contractions for two
hours or more, as frequent as every five minutes to every twenty minutes.
Your cervix dilates up to three or four centimeters during this stage.
Eclampsia 子痫： Pregnancy-induced hypertension, a dangerous condition that
may occur during pregnancy. Symptoms may include elevated maternal blood
pressure, swelling of ankles and hands, sudden weight gain and protein in
the urine. More information here. See also pre-eclampsia.
＊Ectopic (Tubal) Pregnancy 异位妊娠: A pregnancy that occurs outside of the
uterus. The large majority of ectopic (tubal) pregnancies occur in the
fallopian tube, but some can occur in the abdominal cavity as well.
Edema 水肿，浮肿: Swelling of soft tissues as a result of excess water
retention.
＊＊Effacement 子宫颈薄化度或成熟度，用百分比来表示: This refers to the
thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth, and is expressed in
percentages. You\'ll be 100% effaced when you begin pushing.
elderly primipara 高龄初产妇 ：妊娠年龄大于或等于35岁者
Electronic Fetal Monitor (EFM): This electronic instrument is used to
record the heartbeat of the fetus and contractions of the mother\'s uterus.
Embryo 胚胎: From conception to the eighth week of pregnancy, the baby
growing inside you is called an embryo.
Endometrium 子宫内膜: The blood-rich mucus membrane lining the uterus (which
is usually shed as your period). The embryo implants into this lining, and
takes early nourishment from it.
＊＊Engaged 入盆: When the baby\'s presenting part (usually the head) has
settled into the pelvic cavity, usually in the last month of pregnancy. You
are likely to notice that the baby\'s position has visibly changed and may
also feel increased pressure on your bladder.
engagement 胎头降入盆腔(医学上称衔接)，lightening或dropping 为同一词义
＊＊Epidural 硬膜外麻醉: A common method of administering anesthesia during
labor. A small amount of anesthesia is inserted through a narrow catheter
threaded thorough a needle inserted into the dura space near the spinal cord.
Episiotomy 会阴切开术: An incision made during childbirth to the perineum,
the muscle between the vagina and rectum, to widen the vaginal opening for
delivery.
External Version 外旋转: Performed late in pregnancy, this is where a doctor
manually attempts to move a breech baby into the typical head-down position
for birth.
＊Face Presentation 面先露: A relatively uncommon labor presentation, when
the baby is head down but has its neck extended, as if looking down the
birth canal, rather than with its chin tucked. (Also similar: brow
presentation)
Failure to Progress 功能障碍性分娩: Also called dysfunctional labor.
Diagnosis given to a woman who does labor does not follow a \"normal\" pattern
and is severely prolonged.
Fallopian Tubes 输卵管: Two narrow \"tubes\" leading from either side of the
uterus to the ovaries.
False Labor 假临产 : This is where you experience regular and/or painful
contractions that do not dilate or thin the cervix. It may be impossible for
you to differentiate from \"real\" labor.
Fentanyl 芬太尼: A narcotic drug generally used sparingly. Many hospitals do
not offer this type of narcotic for labor pain.
Fetal Distress 胎儿窘迫: Condition when the baby is not getting enough
oxygen or is experiencing some other complication. Immediate delivery may be
required.
Fetal Scalp Electrode 胎儿头皮电极: Instrument used to monitor the baby\'s
heartbeat while still in the uterus. This device is placed just under the
skin of the baby\'s scalp. See Internal Monitoring.
Fetus 胎儿: The baby in utero, after 8 weeks of pregnancy until delivery.
(Before then, it\'s considered an embryo.) The word fetus means \"young one.\"
(Derivative: fetal)
＊Fontanelle 囟门： One of two \'soft spots\' between the unfused sections of
the baby\'s skull. These spots may allow the baby\'s head to compress slightly
during passage through the birth canal.
＊Footling Breech 足式臀位: The baby is \"upside-down\" and one or both of the
baby\'s feet are presenting at the cervix before the buttocks.
Forceps 产钳: A tong-like instrument which may be placed around the baby\'s
head to help guide it out of the birth canal during delivery.
Frank Breech 伸腿臀: The baby\'s buttocks are presenting at the cervix and
the baby\\\'s legs are extended straight up to the baby\'s head.
Gestation 怀孕期，妊娠期: The length of pregnancy is called \"Gestation.\"
＊Gestational Diabetes 妊娠期糖尿病: A form of diabetes that appears during
pregnancy (gestation). Most pregnant women are tested for this condition. It
may or may not remain after the baby is born.
Group B Strep 乙型链球菌: An infection that affects 10-25% of all pregnant
women and can cause serious health problems in a newborn. Many doctors
screen pregnant women now because the infection can be passed to the newborn
during delivery, more commonly under certain conditions (mother has fever
or infection is present, amniotic bag has been ruptured for more than 18
hours or baby is premature). The bacteria that causes Strep B is commonly
found in the vagina and intestinal tract.
Hemorrhage 出血: Bleeding or flow of blood either internally or externally.
Hemorrhoid 痔疮: Enlarged veins in the anus or rectum, generally caused by
constipation or straining to have a bowel movement. Very common in pregnancy
or after childbirth.
High-Risk Pregnancy 高危妊娠: A pregnancy where there are complications or
special circumstances that may require specific medical attention or bed
rest.
＊Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG)绒毛膜促性腺激素: The hormone
pregnancy tests look for, secreted by the placenta. This hormone prolongs
the life span of the corpus luteum as well as stimulates production of
progesterone, thereby creating the ideal environment for the embryo.
＊Hydramnious 羊水过多: The medical term for a condition which involves
having too much amniotic fluid.
Hyperemesis 妊娠剧吐: Extremely severe nausea (\"morning sickness\"),
resulting in weight loss of five percent or more, ketosis, and electrolyte
imbalance. It can lead to hospitalization if dehydration occurs.
Hypospadias 尿道下裂: A congenital defect of the penis where the urethra is
not at the tip of the penis, but rather in the shaft. Corrected surgically.
Incompetent Cervix 子宫颈闭锁不全: A cervix that does not function properly
during pregnancy and is likely to dilate prematurely and cause a miscarriage.
Incontinence 失禁: Inability to control excretions. During pregnancy,
urinary incontinence can occur as the baby becomes heavy on the bladder.
＊Induced Labor 催产素引产: When labor is started or accelerated through
intervention, such as by using an IV drip of the hormone oxytocin (Pitocin),
placing prostaglandin gel on the cervix, or by rupturing the membranes.
Internal Monitoring 内监护: During labor, internal monitoring may be needed and is
usually in the form of an electrode placed under the baby\'s scalp. See
Fetal Scalp Electrode.
Intramuscular Narcotics 肌肉注射止痛法: Pain relievers that are administered by injection
into the muscle.
Intrathecal 鞘内的: This procedure involves administering medicine into the
fluid around the spinal cord.
Intubate 插管: Meaning \"to put a tube in\", refers to procedure where a tube
is placed down the person\'s throat to assist breathing or for other medical
reasons.
IUGR 宫内(胎儿)生长迟缓,宫内发育迟缓: Intrauterine growth retardation: The growth of the fetus is abnormally slow. After the birth, the baby appears smaller than the
dates say he or she should be.
Jaundice (neonatal) 新生儿黄疸: A somewhat common condition in newborn
babies, marked by a yellowing of the skin and caused by the immature liver\\\'s
inability to process excess red blood cells. Treatment for mild cases will
include allowing your baby to spend time in sunlight, though in more severe
cases, the baby will be admitted to the hospital and placed under lights
which synthesize the sun\'s rays (minus harmful UV radiation).
Kegel Exercises 凯格尔运动或骨盆底肌肉运动(pelvic floor muscle exercises): These exercises are done in order to strengthen the pelvic
floor during delivery (to help you push more efficiently) and to assist
your body in recovering from childbirth. They are most simply done by
contracting and holding the muscles used to stop the flow of urine.
Labia 阴唇: The inner and outer \"lips\" of the vulva (vagina) - the external
female genitalia. The outer labia (labia majora) usually have pubic hair and
the smaller inner lips (labia minora) are mostly hidden inside.
＊Labor 阵痛: Regular contractions of the uterus that result in dilation and
effacement of the cervix.
＊Lamaze 呼吸减产痛——拉玛泽生产呼吸法: A childbirth preparation method where relaxation, breathing techniques and informed decisions are paramount. For more information, see the Lamaze homepage.
Leopold Maneuver 利奥波德手法: A set of four movements used to ascertain the
baby\'s position within the uterus. This is done by your healthcare provider
placing his or her hands on your belly, and to used determine the baby\'s
presentation (head up or down) and lie (facing right, left, back or front).
＊Leukorrhea 白带: Whitish mucousy vaginal discharge, common during
pregnancy. Talk to your healthcare provider if there is a lot of discharge,
you notice a strong or offensive odor, or if accompanied by labial.vaginal
itching or swelling.
＊Lightening 胎儿下降感 : When the baby \\\"drops\\\" in preparation for delivery.
See also Engagement.
LMP 末次月经: Acronym stands for last menstrual period.
＊Lochia 恶露: A period-like discharge from the vagina that occurs after
delivery. The discharge will probably be exceptionally heavy at first and
may last five to six weeks.
Magnesium Sulfate 硫酸镁: One of the stronger drugs given through IV to stop
or slow labor.
Malpresentation 先露异常: Baby is not \\\"presenting\\\" (positioned in the pelvis)
in the anterior (normal) position. There are different types of
malpresentation (see breech presentation, face presentation, and posterior).
＊Meconium 胎粪: Baby\\\'s first bowel movement, this is the greenish substance
that builds up in the bowels of a growing fetus and is normally discharged
shortly after birth.
while a CPM (Certified Professional Midwife) assists births that take place
in the hospital or birthing center. Both health care providers offer
prenatal care and strive to reduce c-section rates, traumatic deliveries and
un-needed medical intervention.
Mittelschmerz 经间痛: Some women feel an abdominal pain or twinge -
mittelschmerz, literally meaning \\\"middle pain\\\" - upon ovulation.
Molding 塑形: Because the newborn\\\'s skull bones are not yet fused (to assist
the birthing process), baby\\\'s heads can look \\\"coned\\\" or squished. This
molding will not be permanent.
Mucous Plug 子宫口的粘液栓塞，平时用来防止细菌，分娩前会流出，造成分泌物增多:
Pinkish mucous discharge - which blocks the cervix during pregnancy - that
you may see when the cervix starts to open. Also called the \\\'show\\\' or
\\\'bloody show\\\', it is generally considered a sign that labor will soon begin.
＊Neonatal 新生儿的: Referring to the newborn period (the first four weeks of
life).
Neonatalogist 新生儿学家: A specialist who cares for newborns.
NICU 新生儿重症监护治疗病房: Acronym standing for Neonatal Intensive Care
Unit.
Non-stress Test 非应激试验(人为引起子宫收缩查胎儿心搏数、了解胎儿健康情况): A
noninvasive test in which fetal movements are monitored and recorded, along
with changes in fetal heart rate.
Nubain纳布啡注射剂: Synthetic narcotic pain reliever commonly used in labor
and delivery.
＊Obstetrician 产科医师: A doctor who specializes in pregnancy, labor and
delivery.
＊Oligohydramnious 羊水过少: The medical term for a condition which involves
having too little amniotic fluid.
Oxytocin 催产素: The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates
contractions and the milk-eject reflex (let-down). Pitocin is the synthetic
form of this hormone.
Pelvic Floor 骨盆底: Describes the area of the vulva, perineum, and anus. The
pelvic floor muscles are the muscles a woman tries to loosen while giving
birth.
Perineum 会阴: The muscle and tissue between the vagina and the rectum.
Phenergan 异丙嗪: A drug used as a sedative and also to control nausea and
vomiting.
pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) 妊娠诱发的高血压: Pregnancy Induced
Hypertension. See Eclampsia and Pre-eclampsia.
＊Pitocin 催产素: Synthetic oxytocin (a hormone that stimulates contractions,
among other things) given through intravenous drip (IV) to stimulate labor.
Placenta Previa 前置胎盘: This condition is usually discovered in late
pregnancy when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.. (The
placenta lies very low in the uterus, so that the opening of the uterus is
partially or completely covered.)
＊Placenta 胎盘: This is the tissue which connects the mother and fetus that
transports nourishment and takes away waste.
Posterior 后部，臀部: Describing the baby\\\'s face-up position during delivery
. Normal presentation is anterior (face down). Posterior deliveries
generally cause back labor (back pain).
Postpartum 产后: The period of time after a baby\\\'s birth.
postterm pregnancy， prolonged pregnancy 过期妊娠 : Pregnancy lasting more
than 42 weeks.
precocious pregnancy 幼女妊娠，妊娠年龄小于或等于12岁者。
Pre-eclampsia 先兆子痫: The precursor to eclampsia, this a condition
involving high blood pressure, swelling due to fluid retention, and abnormal
kidney function. More information here.
presentation 胎儿先露 有头部先露(cephalic vertex of presentation),
臀部先露(breech of presentation)， 肩部先露也称横位( shoulder of
presentation)
Preterm 早产: Babies born earlier than 37 weeks.
＊PROM 胎膜早破: Acronym stands for premature rupture of membranes and means a woman\\\'s water has broken early.
Prostaglandin Cream or Gel 前列腺素胶: Medication used to ripen the cervix before
induction.
Pubic Symphysis 耻骨联合: The joint between the pubic bones at the front of the
pelvis.
PUBS 经皮脐血抽样，经皮脐带血标本: Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling:
Similar to amniocentesis. A needle is inserted into the mother\\\'s abdominal
wall and through the uterus, but is also inserted into the umbilical cord at
the base of the placenta. Blood is drawn for diagnostic purposes.
Pudendal Block 阴部神经阻滞: A term used to describe a procedure that gives
regional pain relief in the perineum area during birth. Also used when
repairing an episiotomy.
Rh Factor / Rh Disease Rh因子；凝集因子: Occurs in Rh positive infants whose
mothers have Rh Negative blood (lacking the Rh factor)and the father has Rh
positive blood. If some of the baby\\\'s Rh positive blood cells get into the
mother\\\'s blood stream, her body produces antibodies that will try to fight
them off. If this happens during pregnancy or childbirth, the mother\\\'s cells
try to destroy the baby\\\'s red blood cells.
＊Ruptured Membranes 膜破裂: Usually referred to as \\\"breaking of the water
bag\\\", this is when the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the baby breaks or
tears. You may notice a gush of water or a slow leak, and may not even be
certain that what you\\\'re experiencing isn\\\'t simple incontinence. If you
suspect your water has broken, you must inform your health care provider
immediately. You should also prepare to have your baby, as the risk of
infection increases if the baby is not delivered within 24 hours of the
rupture.
Shoulder Dystocia 肩难产: The baby\\\'s shoulder gets caught on the mother\\\'s
pubic bone during delivery.
Silver Nitrate 硝酸银: Generally administered in both eyes within the first
hour of life, this medication is used to prevent serious problems in the
newborn\\\'s eyes in the event that the mother has gonorrhea (a VSD that is
common and can be present without symptoms). Tetracycline and erythromycin
can be substituted.
Speculum 窥器，张开器: A metal or plastic instrument used to open the vagina
slightly wider so that the cervix can be seen more easily.
Stadol 酒石酸布托啡诺制剂: A narcotic pain reliever commonly used during
labor and delivery.
Station: This is the measure of how far the baby has traveled down the birth
canal. \\\"Zero station\\\" means he hasn\\\'t yet descended, while \\\"fully engaged\\\"
means he is ready to be born.
Stress Test 应力试验: This test records the fetal heart rate in response to
induced mild contractions of the uterus. See also Non-stress test.
Teratogens 致畸原: Agents such as drugs, chemicals and infections that can
cause birth defects when a mother is exposed to them during pregnancy.
Term 足月妊娠: Referring to a 40 week pregnancy (\\\"full term\\\", \\\"preterm\\\" and
\\\"post term\\\").
Timing contractions: Contractions are usually measured from the beginning
of one until the beginning of the next. Time your contractions with a
stopwatch or the second hand on a clock. Take note also of the duration of
each individual contraction.
Toxemia 妊娠中毒症: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, a dangerous condition
that may occur during pregnancy. Symptoms may include elevated maternal
blood pressure, swelling of ankles and hands, sudden weight gain and protein
in the urine. See Eclampsia and PIH.
Toxoplasmosis 弓形体病: This disease is caused by an organism found in raw
and rare meat, garden soil and cat feces. It is typically not harmful to
adults, but can cause injury to the fetus and placenta.
Transition: This is the phase after active labor when the cervix finishes
dilating to 10 centimeters. Contractions are the strongest and closest
together during this phase (which is also the shortest phase).
Transverse 横的，横位的: Describes the side-lying (where the baby\\\'s body length
is horizontal in the uterus) position of the baby before birth. Unless moved,
the baby will have to be delivered by c-section.
＊Ultrasound 超声: This test uses sound waves to view and examine the fetus
or view the internal organs. It can also be used to measure bone size
(usually femur length and skull diameter) to aid in gauging the gestational
age of the fetus.
＊Umbilical Cord 脐带: The cord that carries blood, oxygen and nutrients to
the baby from the placenta during pregnancy.
＊Uterus 子宫: The uterus is your baby\\\'s home during gestation. Also referred
to as the womb, the uterus is hollow with a thick, muscular wall, and is
considered the strongest muscle in the human body.
Vacuum Extractor 真空吸引器: An instrument that attaches to the baby\\\'s head
and helps guide it out of the birth canal during delivery.
Vagina 阴道: The internal female genitalia where sperm are deposited. Also
called the vaginal canal during birth.
VBAC: Acronym stands for vaginal birth after cesarean.
Vernix: A greasy white substance coats and protects the baby\\\'s skin in
utero. Some babies happen to be born with lots of vernix still on the skin.
It is harmless, no longer necessary, and will be washed or wiped off.
Vulva 外阴: The vulva is the external female genitalia, and includes the
labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening.
Waterbirth 水中分娩: A birth that takes place in a sterile birthing tub or
pool.
今天看了个贴说上海一个女的生孩子..预产期前一天生的..孩子才3斤..她胖了40斤..确实大补阿
我LG朋友的LP长了58斤, 大补大补
Midwife 助产士，接生婆: A DEM (Direct Entry Midwife) assists homebirths
while a CPM (Certified Professional Midwife) assists births that take place
in the hospital or birthing center. Both health care providers offer
prenatal care and strive to reduce c-section rates, traumatic deliveries and
un-needed medical intervention.
Mittelschmerz 经间痛: Some women feel an abdominal pain or twinge -
mittelschmerz, literally meaning \\\"middle pain\\\" - upon ovulation.
Molding 塑形: Because the newborn\\\'s skull bones are not yet fused (to assist
the birthing process), baby\\\'s heads can look \\\"coned\\\" or squished. This
molding will not be permanent.
Mucous Plug 子宫口的粘液栓塞，平时用来防止细菌，分娩前会流出，造成分泌物增多:
Pinkish mucous discharge - which blocks the cervix during pregnancy - that
you may see when the cervix starts to open. Also called the \\\'show\\\' or
\\\'bloody show\\\', it is generally considered a sign that labor will soon begin.
＊Neonatal 新生儿的: Referring to the newborn period (the first four weeks of
life).
Neonatalogist 新生儿学家: A specialist who cares for newborns.
NICU 新生儿重症监护治疗病房: Acronym standing for Neonatal Intensive Care
Unit.
Non-stress Test 非应激试验(人为引起子宫收缩查胎儿心搏数、了解胎儿健康情况): A
noninvasive test in which fetal movements are monitored and recorded, along
with changes in fetal heart rate.
Nubain纳布啡注射剂: Synthetic narcotic pain reliever commonly used in labor
and delivery.
＊Obstetrician 产科医师: A doctor who specializes in pregnancy, labor and
delivery.
＊Oligohydramnious 羊水过少: The medical term for a condition which involves
having too little amniotic fluid.
Oxytocin 催产素: The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates
contractions and the milk-eject reflex (let-down). Pitocin is the synthetic
form of this hormone.
Pelvic Floor 骨盆底: Describes the area of the vulva, perineum, and anus. The
pelvic floor muscles are the muscles a woman tries to loosen while giving
birth.
Perineum 会阴: The muscle and tissue between the vagina and the rectum.
Phenergan 异丙嗪: A drug used as a sedative and also to control nausea and
vomiting.
pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) 妊娠诱发的高血压: Pregnancy Induced
Hypertension. See Eclampsia and Pre-eclampsia.
＊Pitocin 催产素: Synthetic oxytocin (a hormone that stimulates contractions,
among other things) given through intravenous drip (IV) to stimulate labor.
Placenta Previa 前置胎盘: This condition is usually discovered in late
pregnancy when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.. (The
placenta lies very low in the uterus, so that the opening of the uterus is
partially or completely covered.)
＊Placenta 胎盘: This is the tissue which connects the mother and fetus that
transports nourishment and takes away waste.
Posterior 后部，臀部: Describing the baby\\\'s face-up position during delivery
. Normal presentation is anterior (face down). Posterior deliveries
generally cause back labor (back pain).
Postpartum 产后: The period of time after a baby\\\'s birth.
postterm pregnancy， prolonged pregnancy 过期妊娠 : Pregnancy lasting more
than 42 weeks.
precocious pregnancy 幼女妊娠，妊娠年龄小于或等于12岁者。
Pre-eclampsia 先兆子痫: The precursor to eclampsia, this a condition
involving high blood pressure, swelling due to fluid retention, and abnormal
kidney function. More information here.
presentation 胎儿先露 有头部先露(cephalic vertex of presentation),
臀部先露(breech of presentation)， 肩部先露也称横位( shoulder of
presentation)
Preterm 早产: Babies born earlier than 37 weeks.
＊PROM 胎膜早破: Acronym stands for premature rupture of membranes and means a woman\\\'s water has broken early.
Prostaglandin Cream or Gel 前列腺素胶: Medication used to ripen the cervix before
induction.
Pubic Symphysis 耻骨联合: The joint between the pubic bones at the front of the
pelvis.
PUBS 经皮脐血抽样，经皮脐带血标本: Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling:
Similar to amniocentesis. A needle is inserted into the mother\\\'s abdominal
wall and through the uterus, but is also inserted into the umbilical cord at
the base of the placenta. Blood is drawn for diagnostic purposes.
Pudendal Block 阴部神经阻滞: A term used to describe a procedure that gives
regional pain relief in the perineum area during birth. Also used when
repairing an episiotomy.
Rh Factor / Rh Disease Rh因子；凝集因子: Occurs in Rh positive infants whose
mothers have Rh Negative blood (lacking the Rh factor)and the father has Rh
positive blood. If some of the baby\\\'s Rh positive blood cells get into the
mother\\\'s blood stream, her body produces antibodies that will try to fight
them off. If this happens during pregnancy or childbirth, the mother\\\'s cells
try to destroy the baby\\\'s red blood cells.
＊Ruptured Membranes 膜破裂: Usually referred to as \\\"breaking of the water
bag\\\", this is when the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the baby breaks or
tears. You may notice a gush of water or a slow leak, and may not even be
certain that what you\\\'re experiencing isn\\\'t simple incontinence. If you
suspect your water has broken, you must inform your health care provider
immediately. You should also prepare to have your baby, as the risk of
infection increases if the baby is not delivered within 24 hours of the
rupture.
Shoulder Dystocia 肩难产: The baby\\\'s shoulder gets caught on the mother\\\'s
pubic bone during delivery.
Silver Nitrate 硝酸银: Generally administered in both eyes within the first
hour of life, this medication is used to prevent serious problems in the
newborn\\\'s eyes in the event that the mother has gonorrhea (a VSD that is
common and can be present without symptoms). Tetracycline and erythromycin
can be substituted.
Speculum 窥器，张开器: A metal or plastic instrument used to open the vagina
slightly wider so that the cervix can be seen more easily.
Stadol 酒石酸布托啡诺制剂: A narcotic pain reliever commonly used during
labor and delivery.
Station: This is the measure of how far the baby has traveled down the birth
canal. \\\"Zero station\\\" means he hasn\\\'t yet descended, while \\\"fully engaged\\\"
means he is ready to be born.
Stress Test 应力试验: This test records the fetal heart rate in response to
induced mild contractions of the uterus. See also Non-stress test.
Teratogens 致畸原: Agents such as drugs, chemicals and infections that can
cause birth defects when a mother is exposed to them during pregnancy.
Term 足月妊娠: Referring to a 40 week pregnancy (\\\"full term\\\", \\\"preterm\\\" and
\\\"post term\\\").
Timing contractions: Contractions are usually measured from the beginning
of one until the beginning of the next. Time your contractions with a
stopwatch or the second hand on a clock. Take note also of the duration of
each individual contraction.
Toxemia 妊娠中毒症: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, a dangerous condition
that may occur during pregnancy. Symptoms may include elevated maternal
blood pressure, swelling of ankles and hands, sudden weight gain and protein
in the urine. See Eclampsia and PIH.
Toxoplasmosis 弓形体病: This disease is caused by an organism found in raw
and rare meat, garden soil and cat feces. It is typically not harmful to
adults, but can cause injury to the fetus and placenta.
Transition: This is the phase after active labor when the cervix finishes
dilating to 10 centimeters. Contractions are the strongest and closest
together during this phase (which is also the shortest phase).
Transverse 横的，横位的: Describes the side-lying (where the baby\\\'s body length
is horizontal in the uterus) position of the baby before birth. Unless moved,
the baby will have to be delivered by c-section.
＊Ultrasound 超声: This test uses sound waves to view and examine the fetus
or view the internal organs. It can also be used to measure bone size
(usually femur length and skull diameter) to aid in gauging the gestational
age of the fetus.
＊Umbilical Cord 脐带: The cord that carries blood, oxygen and nutrients to
the baby from the placenta during pregnancy.
＊Uterus 子宫: The uterus is your baby\\\'s home during gestation. Also referred
to as the womb, the uterus is hollow with a thick, muscular wall, and is
considered the strongest muscle in the human body.
Vacuum Extractor 真空吸引器: An instrument that attaches to the baby\\\'s head
and helps guide it out of the birth canal during delivery.
Vagina 阴道: The internal female genitalia where sperm are deposited. Also
called the vaginal canal during birth.
VBAC: Acronym stands for vaginal birth after cesarean.
Vernix: A greasy white substance coats and protects the baby\\\'s skin in
utero. Some babies happen to be born with lots of vernix still on the skin.
It is harmless, no longer necessary, and will be washed or wiped off.
Vulva 外阴: The vulva is the external female genitalia, and includes the
labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening.
Waterbirth 水中分娩: A birth that takes place in a sterile birthing tub or
pool.
幸好我的ob是中国人啊..
这也太汗了~可足月的宝宝怎么才3斤呢？
人家说像这种情况叫刮油娘..油水都被娘刮走了
太寒了。。。
她就是这样啊..怀孕初期和我说让我买小孩的东西..她说她早就准备了张支票了..到现在我宝宝东西都买好了支票影子都没见到..反正我很厌恶这种只会喊口号的人
人家说像这种情况叫刮油娘..油水都被娘刮走了
人家说像这种情况叫刮油娘..油水都被娘刮走了
这样更好，省的她以后念叨了。
人家说像这种情况叫刮油娘..油水都被娘刮走了
妈呀，希望我没刮我家宝宝的油水，不然他爹以后肯定要限制我吃吃喝喝了~
哈哈，我同学胖了５０斤，孩子５斤。
我回来了，上午产检，32周，重了21磅，我要求不高，希望宝宝这次能有7磅就好了，不过猪头不看好我，说能有6.5磅就不错了。。。
这两天看大家complain pp, 觉得自己真是幸运啊.......
实在不行你就暂时妥协。然后跟你妈说好了，家里怎么样都行, 如果外出的话就照美国人的穿法。
布的尿布倒是比尿片好。就是洗起来太麻烦了。
这个已经说好了，上升到国家尊严的角度，让她不要丢中国人的脸，被别人笑话
偶是担心宝宝用尿布，搞得到处都脏脏的，还得找地方晾
对了，大家买什么奶瓶消毒器啊？怎么知道这些消毒器含不含BPA呢？还有比如avent的消毒器是不是只能配他们自己的奶瓶啊？
我想买Dr.brown的玻璃奶瓶和他家的消毒器，据说湿bpafree的，
belss，只要和lg相亲相爱，一起把宝宝养大就好了，自己的孩子自己疼
吃过饭冒着大太阳到靶子店掏75%OFF的玩具去了，一买起东西来连耻骨疼都好像感觉不到了，一停下来又不行了。。。
哈哈，烧瓶就是好呀！还能治病于无形！
谢谢mousebaby， 这个list很全，我得让lg学习一下，到时候我半晕菜状态，还是得靠他跟医生交流。
谢谢谢谢mousebaby too。我也存下来给lg学习。哈哈。
我LG朋友的LP长了58斤, 大补大补
谢谢MM
把东西都存下来了，让老公好好背一下
免得到时候稀里糊涂的
她就是这样啊..怀孕初期和我说让我买小孩的东西..她说她早就准备了张支票了..到现在我宝宝东西都买好了支票影子都没见到..反正我很厌恶这种只会喊口号的人
是。还不如不说的那么好听呢。
谢谢谢谢mousebaby too。我也存下来给lg学习。哈哈。
同谢
我也COPY到WORD存起来了
哈哈，打算怎么庆祝呀？
某人今天突然问我，想要个啥礼物？我楞了半天也没想出来。很无聊地问，多少BUDGET？人家说，别管BUDGET。
结果想到现在也没想出来啥～～～
是啊，而且好多人想要女宝宝都要不到呢
我家ld说我们做大B超医生告诉我宝宝是男宝宝时，我的脸马上就耷拉老长了
我也是诶，技师还安慰我半天，说她有俩儿子，也挺好的～～～
对。一定要忍。加油啊！！！
对了，你考虑过回国弄牙么？我还在想要不要回去弄。国内的技术不错，还特便宜，大家都说加上机票都比这边划算。
不过也看保险。因为我打算弄implant，所以保险应该是不包或者包很少，这样的话回国可能省一些钱。
今天我OB也叫我忍到生完娃。
预产期又提前两天，到8月29号了
是的，我也这么想的，我老公昨晚给他妈打电话，他妈就一个劲儿地说自己最近感冒了，身体不好，国内物价贵，东西不舍得吃什么地，挂电话之前才问了我一句身体好不好，我其实我也不在意她问不问，毕竟不是自己的妈，他姐姐还要好，我老公的外孙没考上高中，她一把抢过电话问我老公能不能到美国来读高中，他们愿意出点钱，我当场就晕了，还好我老公也打马虎眼过去了，难不成我还要照顾他外孙不成！我连我肚子里的女儿都没搞定，可不想赖这事在身上！
某人的哥哥想让他侄女来米国过暑假。敢情我们这是城门，想来来，想走走～～～
别生气。其实国内的很多东西这边反倒不太适合用，比如开裆裤，棉袄棉裤什么的。所以你不如下次和婆婆说，多谢他们的心意，这边穿的是不太一样的衣服，用的这边也都是便宜质量又好，所以就不用他们操心了。
就是就是，我公婆啥都没给孙子准备，我觉得自己的孩子自己疼也是天经地义的
哈哈，张艺谋的凉皮和肉夹馍又上榜了！
我现在超想吃那个羊肉串。真的挺好吃的。
天气太热，吃肉食要多多小心～～～
都是你招的, 我去做了个担担面给自己吃.....
赞～～～～
这么早就吃晚饭了，我俩刚刚进门呢～～～
今天收到ENFAMIL家得奶粉了。2桶。还有2张5刀得奶粉支票，哈哈
哈哈，我同学胖了５０斤，孩子５斤。
怎么会这么长呢？是不是吃脂肪高的东西太多了
今天我OB也叫我忍到生完娃。
预产期又提前两天，到8月29号了
是做BC看出来的么？我倒希望我的预产期也提前呢~
就是就是，我公婆啥都没给孙子准备，我觉得自己的孩子自己疼也是天经地义的
me too~
说到这个我可郁闷了, 我邀请我妈来探亲, 给的材料有我的收入, 我妈自己查字典看了, 然后就一直觉得我赚很多, 后来我跟她解释我的税超过40%, 每个月消费有多高, 她老人家还不信, 觉得我不说实话, 真是冤枉啊.
亲妈，还好啦～～～我妈上次来，常常跟我朋友或者人家的父母打听人家挣多少钱
回国弄牙的话一定要找熟人介绍。我妈最近在弄，找了个朋友的朋友，比口腔医院要价便宜好多。而且认识的人会跟你实话实说，什么该弄，怎么弄最划算。直接去医院肯定是挨宰。
我这颗就是在我舅医院弄坏的，无良牙医把药棉忘里面了。美国牙医跟看古董一样看那块在牙里放了5年的药棉，笑得差点没晕过去。一再地追问我在哪里做的
NND,我就不告诉他～～～
老人是不是都觉得美国遍地是黄金啊？我妈居然听别人说在美国捡废品卖钱能买大house
我妈的朋友90年代去过夏威夷，我来的时候还跟我说美国500块钱买辆车呢～～～
我这颗就是在我舅医院弄坏的，无良牙医把药棉忘里面了。美国牙医跟看古董一样看那块在牙里放了5年的药棉，笑得差点没晕过去。一再地追问我在哪里做的
NND,我就不告诉他～～～
嘿嘿，让我想起做手术把纱布留在病人肚子里的医生
我妈的朋友90年代去过夏威夷，我来的时候还跟我说美国500块钱买辆车呢～～～
500块是能买车，我原来一个朋友一个巨旧的下雨顶上会漏的车就卖了500块，哈哈。。。。
我老早就叫LG帮我剪了
我的指甲一直都是某人剪的，甲油倒是从怀孕起就没涂过了
我在吃咖哩牛。真香啊。
我最近戒土豆了，终于这两周体重没再涨～～～
亲妈，还好啦～～～我妈上次来，常常跟我朋友或者人家的父母打听人家挣多少钱
很多老人有这样的习惯的
那时候还没结婚，第一次去ld家，他婶婶就问我妈我爸一个月赚多少银子，偶狂不爽，没理那老太太，反正他不是ld的妈妈，呵呵
我最近戒土豆了，终于这两周体重没再涨～～～
我没称，不过我这周体重肯定长了
ld去开了三天会，回来看着偶说，圆了
主要这几天我一个人在家，也懒得出去吃，就自己弄点面条，炒饭什么的，都是炭水混合物
吃过饭冒着大太阳到靶子店掏75%OFF的玩具去了，一买起东西来连耻骨疼都好像感觉不到了，一停下来又不行了。。。
买啥好东西了？
是做BC看出来的么？我倒希望我的预产期也提前呢~
我之前有俩预产期，最近给我妈定机票今天就顺嘴问了句，结果OB到电脑那去查，说比8月31还早两天。不过他也安慰我，说预产期没准过。唉，估计我妈最早只能9月2号来了～～～
我没称，不过我这周体重肯定长了
ld去开了三天会，回来看着偶说，圆了
主要这几天我一个人在家，也懒得出去吃，就自己弄点面条，炒饭什么的，都是炭水混合物
我这两周差不多天天做面包啊，好在大部分都给某人消灭了
我这两周差不多天天做面包啊，好在大部分都给某人消灭了
刚烤了一批scone在炉子里....我老安慰自己自己烤的好歹比店里买的健康点儿。。。。
刚烤了一批scone在炉子里....我老安慰自己自己烤的好歹比店里买的健康点儿。。。。
的确健康多了，我做了豆沙，感觉放了很多糖，竟然一点都不甜～～
吃过饭冒着大太阳到靶子店掏75%OFF的玩具去了，一买起东西来连耻骨疼都好像感觉不到了，一停下来又不行了。。。
淘到啥好东西没,现在儿子大了,好象没啥玩具要给他买的,而且我们这的靶子店我也不抱啥希望
最近大腿酸痛厉害,走两步就不行了,不过逛街就不一样了,和和
宝宝还没出来，现在就买鞋是不是太早了亚~
看到版上那么多mm积极的跳target的玩具, amazon的鞋的deal, 我就心痒痒的。
宝宝还没出来，现在就买鞋是不是太早了亚~
我现在已经不痒了，锻炼出来了，那些玩具和鞋，估计至少1年以后咱们的宝宝才能用的上。deal总是有的，不值得屯起来在家里占地方。当然有大house大储藏间的除外。
看到版上那么多mm积极的跳target的玩具, amazon的鞋的deal, 我就心痒痒的。
宝宝还没出来，现在就买鞋是不是太早了亚~
太早了，deal一直都有的，放着还占地方，而且象鞋子最好到时候去店里试，象我家老大就是脚背特别厚，好多鞋都没法穿，所以一般不屯
看到版上那么多mm积极的跳target的玩具, amazon的鞋的deal, 我就心痒痒的。
宝宝还没出来，现在就买鞋是不是太早了亚~
鞋是孩子能走前最浪费的投资之一
鞋是孩子能走前最浪费的投资之一
我家老大第一双鞋就是会走路了才去买的
我也是诶，技师还安慰我半天，说她有俩儿子，也挺好的～～～
我也是B超师安慰我说儿子挺好的
而且儿子会很爱妈妈的
看到版上那么多mm积极的跳target的玩具, amazon的鞋的deal, 我就心痒痒的。
宝宝还没出来，现在就买鞋是不是太早了亚~
我忍住了
主要是一年后可能会搬家，实在是不想背着太多的东西走
我也是B超师安慰我说儿子挺好的
而且儿子会很爱妈妈的
一模一样，我的技师也说MOM'S BOY来着～～～
淘到啥好东西没,现在儿子大了,好象没啥玩具要给他买的,而且我们这的靶子店我也不抱啥希望
最近大腿酸痛厉害,走两步就不行了,不过逛街就不一样了,和和
偶也是，今天去学校，上个小坡就气喘吁吁的
可刚出去逛mall，走得比ld都快，一点都不累，而且蹲下去找衣服什么的也不辛苦
某人今天突然问我，想要个啥礼物？我楞了半天也没想出来。很无聊地问，多少BUDGET？人家说，别管BUDGET。
结果想到现在也没想出来啥～～～
太幸福了。别管Budget
天气太热，吃肉食要多多小心～～～
我可能吃肉吃惯了。怎么吃都没事
太幸福了。别管Budget
你说那个施家的小花耳环怎么样？
不成我就要个PANCAKE MACHINE，跟酒店里用的那种一样～～～
怎么会这么长呢？是不是吃脂肪高的东西太多了
可能是吧。而且国内一般都是生一个，还有很多就直接考虑刨了，所以宝宝个儿大也无所谓的。