Q 1876至1879年间，中国皇朝漫长的饥荒灾难史上最致命的干旱饥荒袭击了山东，直隶，山西，河南，陕西这五个北部省份。黄河流域盆地的干旱从1876年开始，在1877年时，因为全面性的缺雨而急遽恶化。 直到1879年，状况开始稳定，受影响地区的总人口为1.08亿人, 据估计其中的950万-1300万人死于饥饿以及与饥荒相关的疾病。[1] https://club.6parkbbs.com/other/index.php?app=forum&act=threadview&tid=13264900 ... 木版印刷：尚未被埋葬的尸体被鸟类与野兽吞噬 Source: “Si sheng gao zai tu qi,” shou juan (Pictures reporting the disaster in the four provinces, opening volume), in Qi Yu Jin Zhi zhenjuan zhengxin lu (Statement of accounts for relief contributions for Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, and Zhili) (n.p., 1881), 14a. Courtesy of the Shanghai Library. ... 木板印刷：人类互食，与瘦骨如柴的人们 Source: The Graphic (London), July 6, 1878. From the collection of Pierre Fuller. UQ Cf. Q Kathryn Edgerton-Tarpley | History | Arts & Letters | SDSU https://history.sdsu.edu › people › edgerton-tarpley 26 Jan 2022 — Kathryn Edgerton-Tarpley (Indiana University Ph.D., 2002) is Professor of Late Imperial and Modern Chinese History. UQ Cf. Q DisasterHistory.org contributions North China famine, 1876-79 Kathryn Edgerton-Tarpley 繁體 简体 Between 1876 and 1879, the most lethal drought-famine in imperial China’s long history of famines and disasters struck the five northern provinces of Shandong, Zhili, Shanxi, Henan, and Shaanxi. The drought in the Yellow River basin area began in earnest in 1876, and worsened dramatically with the almost total failure of rain in 1877. Continue reading → https://disasterhistory.org/author/ket UQ
< Chinese immigrants > Q The Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879 (Chinese: 丁戊奇荒) was led by drought-induced crop failures began in 1875. Between 9.5 and 13 million people in China died,[1] mostly in Shanxi province (5.5 million dead), but also in Zhili (now Hebei, 2.5 million dead), Henan (1 million) and Shandong (0.5 million).[2] The population reduction in censuses, which include famine migration, shows a drop of 23 million people, among which Shanxi lost 48% (8.18 million), Shaanxi lost 25% (2.43 million), Henan lost 22% (7.48 million).[3] The drought was influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Chinese_Famine_of_1876-1879 Chinese immigrants portrayed as locusts invading Uncle Sam''''s farm, fleeing the shadow of famine, 1878. UQ
Q “California was the locus of Chinese advances in agriculture” (Takaki 89). The Chinese were the anthesis of greedy locusts.The irony of course, is that California’s agriculture success was cultivated and directly benefited from the transformative innovations contributed by the Chinese. “Their work boosted the value of the land from twenty-eight dollars an acre in 1875 to one hundred dollars an acre two years later” (Takaki 89). Keller also used agricultural imagery in his cartoon Devastation. https://thomasnastcartoons.com/2014/02/14/uncle-sams-farm-in-danger-9-march-1878/ UQ
https://club.6parkbbs.com/other/index.php?app=forum&act=threadview&tid=13264900
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木版印刷：尚未被埋葬的尸体被鸟类与野兽吞噬 Source: “Si sheng gao zai tu qi,” shou juan (Pictures reporting the disaster in the four provinces, opening volume), in Qi Yu Jin Zhi zhenjuan zhengxin lu (Statement of accounts for relief contributions for Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, and Zhili) (n.p., 1881), 14a. Courtesy of the Shanghai Library.
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木板印刷：人类互食，与瘦骨如柴的人们 Source: The Graphic (London), July 6, 1878. From the collection of Pierre Fuller.
UQ
Cf.
Q Kathryn Edgerton-Tarpley | History | Arts & Letters | SDSU https://history.sdsu.edu › people › edgerton-tarpley
26 Jan 2022 — Kathryn Edgerton-Tarpley (Indiana University Ph.D., 2002) is Professor of Late Imperial and Modern Chinese History. UQ
Cf.
Q DisasterHistory.org contributions North China famine, 1876-79 Kathryn Edgerton-Tarpley
https://disasterhistory.org/author/ket UQ
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1 UQ
Q 古代荒地很多，為何窮人不自己開墾荒地，非要去給地主種地？ 2022-07-28
https://kknews.cc/history/549b3n6.html
在古代封建社會中，地主階級和農民階級之間的矛盾，從來沒有消失過。正是因為封建地主無情地剝削，和無止境的壓制，百姓苦不堪言，在長期生活的重擔下過得生不如死。一部分的人會默默接受生來卑微的命運，一部分人骨子裏不屈的血液，讓他們拿起武器鬥爭。
歷史上發生過許多的農民起義，都是因為不堪朝廷的暴政，以及地主的壓迫，既然如此農民何不自給自足呢？這是因為古代地域遼闊，但卻有很多的地方沒有被開發。此時便又有一個問題出現：既然古代的荒地很多，那窮人為何不自己開墾荒地，非要給地主種地呢？ UQ
Q 中國古代有大量的未開墾的荒地，百姓為何餓死也不去開墾荒地？ 2019-10-31 由 青梅煮酒談歷史 發表于歷史
中國自古就是幅員遼闊的國家，人口至清乾隆時期才突破一億人口，大部分時候維持在五千萬左右。咱們現在近十四億人口都能吃飽喝足，古時候人口區區五千萬為何經常發生飢餓和災荒，無地農民頻頻暴亂？
原文網址：https://kknews.cc/history/pvgx5me.html
UQ
Q The Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879 (Chinese: 丁戊奇荒) was led by drought-induced crop failures began in 1875. Between 9.5 and 13 million people in China died,[1] mostly in Shanxi province (5.5 million dead), but also in Zhili (now Hebei, 2.5 million dead), Henan (1 million) and Shandong (0.5 million).[2] The population reduction in censuses, which include famine migration, shows a drop of 23 million people, among which Shanxi lost 48% (8.18 million), Shaanxi lost 25% (2.43 million), Henan lost 22% (7.48 million).[3] The drought was influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Chinese_Famine_of_1876-1879
Chinese immigrants portrayed as locusts invading Uncle Sam''''s farm, fleeing the shadow of famine, 1878.
UQ
Q “California was the locus of Chinese advances in agriculture” (Takaki 89). The Chinese were the anthesis of greedy locusts.The irony of course, is that California’s agriculture success was cultivated and directly benefited from the transformative innovations contributed by the Chinese. “Their work boosted the value of the land from twenty-eight dollars an acre in 1875 to one hundred dollars an acre two years later” (Takaki 89). Keller also used agricultural imagery in his cartoon Devastation.
https://thomasnastcartoons.com/2014/02/14/uncle-sams-farm-in-danger-9-march-1878/ UQ