https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-prem-md-fort-detrick-disinformation-20210721-6n4sglv5lzaurdbmjyxdfud3sa-story.html 这篇里的说法是，Fort Detrick的COVID阴谋论是照着前苏联针对Fort Detrick的有关HIV的disinformation campaign 来的。 吃瓜中。 看着真的好像啊。这里写东德也参加了。 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24697634/ Disinformation squared: was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Erhard Geissler1, Robert Hunt Sprinkle Affiliations expand PMID: 24697634 DOI: 10.2990/32_2_2 Abstract Background: When in May 1983 the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first securely attributed to a virus, eventually called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), many controversies arose. Among these was one centering on HIV''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s origin. A startling hypothesis, called here the "HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth," asserted that HIV had been a product, accidental or intentional, of bioweaponry research. While its earliest identifiable contributors were in the West, this myth''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s most dynamic propagators were in the East. The Soviet security service, the KGB, took "active measures" to create and disseminate AIDS disinformation beginning no later than July 1983 and ending no earlier than October 1987. The East German security service, a complex bureaucracy popularly known as "the Stasi," was involved, too, but how early, how deeply, how uniformly, how ably, and how successfully has not been clear. Following German reunification, claims arose attributing to the Stasi the masterful execution of ingenious elements in a disinformation campaign they helped shape and soon came to dominate. We have tested these claims. Question: Was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Methods: Primary sources were documents and photographs assembled by the Ministry of State Security (MfS) of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany), the Ministry of Interior of the People''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s Republic of Bulgaria, and the United States Department of State; the estate of myth principals Jakob and Lilli Segal; the "AIDS box" in the estate of East German literary figure Stefan Heym; participant-observer recollections, interviews, and correspondence; and expert interviews. We examined secondary sources in light of primary sources. Findings: The HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth had debuted in print in India in 1983 and had been described in publications worldwide prior to 1986, the earliest year for which we found any Stasi document mentioning the myth in any context. Many of the myth''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s exponents were seemingly independent conspiracy theorists. Its single most creative exponent was Jakob Segal, an idiosyncratic Soviet biologist long resident in, and long retired in, the GDR. Segal applied to the myth a thin but tenacious layer of plausibility. We could not exclude a direct KGB influence on him but found no evidence demonstrating it. The Stasi did not direct his efforts and had difficulty tracking his activities. The Stasi were prone to interpretive error and self-aggrandizement. They credited themselves with successes they did not achieve, and, in one instance, failed to appreciate that a major presumptive success had actually been a fiasco. Senior Stasi officers came to see the myth''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s propagation as an embarrassment threatening broader interests, especially the GDR''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s interest in being accepted as a scientifically sophisticated state. In 1986, 1988, and 1989, officers of HV A/X, the Stasi''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s disinformation and "active measures" department, discussed the myth in meetings with the Bulgarian secret service. In the last of these meetings, HV A/X officers tried to interest their Bulgarian counterparts in taking up, or taking over, the myth''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s propagation. Further efforts, if any, were obscured by collapse of the East German and Bulgarian governments. Conclusion: No, the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth was not a Stasi success. Impressions to the contrary can be attributed to reliance on presumptions, boasts, and inventions. Presumptions conceding to the Stasi an extraordinary operational efficiency and an irresistible competence - qualities we could not confirm in this case - made the boasts and inventions more convincing than their evidentiary basis, had it been known, would have allowed. The result was disinformation about disinformation, a product we call "disinformation squared."
https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-prem-md-fort-detrick-disinformation-20210721-6n4sglv5lzaurdbmjyxdfud3sa-story.html 这篇里的说法是，Fort Detrick的COVID阴谋论是照着前苏联针对Fort Detrick的有关HIV的disinformation campaign 来的。 吃瓜中。 看着真的好像啊。这里写是东德弄的。 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24697634/ Disinformation squared: was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Erhard Geissler1, Robert Hunt Sprinkle Affiliations expand PMID: 24697634 DOI: 10.2990/32_2_2 Abstract Background: When in May 1983 the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first securely attributed to a virus, eventually called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), many controversies arose. Among these was one centering on HIV''''''''s origin. A startling hypothesis, called here the "HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth," asserted that HIV had been a product, accidental or intentional, of bioweaponry research. While its earliest identifiable contributors were in the West, this myth''''''''s most dynamic propagators were in the East. The Soviet security service, the KGB, took "active measures" to create and disseminate AIDS disinformation beginning no later than July 1983 and ending no earlier than October 1987. The East German security service, a complex bureaucracy popularly known as "the Stasi," was involved, too, but how early, how deeply, how uniformly, how ably, and how successfully has not been clear. Following German reunification, claims arose attributing to the Stasi the masterful execution of ingenious elements in a disinformation campaign they helped shape and soon came to dominate. We have tested these claims. Question: Was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Methods: Primary sources were documents and photographs assembled by the Ministry of State Security (MfS) of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany), the Ministry of Interior of the People''''''''s Republic of Bulgaria, and the United States Department of State; the estate of myth principals Jakob and Lilli Segal; the "AIDS box" in the estate of East German literary figure Stefan Heym; participant-observer recollections, interviews, and correspondence; and expert interviews. We examined secondary sources in light of primary sources. Findings: The HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth had debuted in print in India in 1983 and had been described in publications worldwide prior to 1986, the earliest year for which we found any Stasi document mentioning the myth in any context. Many of the myth''''''''s exponents were seemingly independent conspiracy theorists. Its single most creative exponent was Jakob Segal, an idiosyncratic Soviet biologist long resident in, and long retired in, the GDR. Segal applied to the myth a thin but tenacious layer of plausibility. We could not exclude a direct KGB influence on him but found no evidence demonstrating it. The Stasi did not direct his efforts and had difficulty tracking his activities. The Stasi were prone to interpretive error and self-aggrandizement. They credited themselves with successes they did not achieve, and, in one instance, failed to appreciate that a major presumptive success had actually been a fiasco. Senior Stasi officers came to see the myth''''''''s propagation as an embarrassment threatening broader interests, especially the GDR''''''''s interest in being accepted as a scientifically sophisticated state. In 1986, 1988, and 1989, officers of HV A/X, the Stasi''''''''s disinformation and "active measures" department, discussed the myth in meetings with the Bulgarian secret service. In the last of these meetings, HV A/X officers tried to interest their Bulgarian counterparts in taking up, or taking over, the myth''''''''s propagation. Further efforts, if any, were obscured by collapse of the East German and Bulgarian governments. Conclusion: No, the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth was not a Stasi success. Impressions to the contrary can be attributed to reliance on presumptions, boasts, and inventions. Presumptions conceding to the Stasi an extraordinary operational efficiency and an irresistible competence - qualities we could not confirm in this case - made the boasts and inventions more convincing than their evidentiary basis, had it been known, would have allowed. The result was disinformation about disinformation, a product we call "disinformation squared." heyykitty0 发表于 2021-08-10 05:44
https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-prem-md-fort-detrick-disinformation-20210721-6n4sglv5lzaurdbmjyxdfud3sa-story.html 这篇里的说法是，Fort Detrick的COVID阴谋论是照着前苏联针对Fort Detrick的有关HIV的disinformation campaign 来的。 吃瓜中。 看着真的好像啊。这里写是东德弄的。 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24697634/ Disinformation squared: was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Erhard Geissler1, Robert Hunt Sprinkle Affiliations expand PMID: 24697634 DOI: 10.2990/32_2_2 Abstract Background: When in May 1983 the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first securely attributed to a virus, eventually called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), many controversies arose. Among these was one centering on HIV''''''''s origin. A startling hypothesis, called here the "HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth," asserted that HIV had been a product, accidental or intentional, of bioweaponry research. While its earliest identifiable contributors were in the West, this myth''''''''s most dynamic propagators were in the East. The Soviet security service, the KGB, took "active measures" to create and disseminate AIDS disinformation beginning no later than July 1983 and ending no earlier than October 1987. The East German security service, a complex bureaucracy popularly known as "the Stasi," was involved, too, but how early, how deeply, how uniformly, how ably, and how successfully has not been clear. Following German reunification, claims arose attributing to the Stasi the masterful execution of ingenious elements in a disinformation campaign they helped shape and soon came to dominate. We have tested these claims. Question: Was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Methods: Primary sources were documents and photographs assembled by the Ministry of State Security (MfS) of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany), the Ministry of Interior of the People''''''''s Republic of Bulgaria, and the United States Department of State; the estate of myth principals Jakob and Lilli Segal; the "AIDS box" in the estate of East German literary figure Stefan Heym; participant-observer recollections, interviews, and correspondence; and expert interviews. We examined secondary sources in light of primary sources. Findings: The HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth had debuted in print in India in 1983 and had been described in publications worldwide prior to 1986, the earliest year for which we found any Stasi document mentioning the myth in any context. Many of the myth''''''''s exponents were seemingly independent conspiracy theorists. Its single most creative exponent was Jakob Segal, an idiosyncratic Soviet biologist long resident in, and long retired in, the GDR. Segal applied to the myth a thin but tenacious layer of plausibility. We could not exclude a direct KGB influence on him but found no evidence demonstrating it. The Stasi did not direct his efforts and had difficulty tracking his activities. The Stasi were prone to interpretive error and self-aggrandizement. They credited themselves with successes they did not achieve, and, in one instance, failed to appreciate that a major presumptive success had actually been a fiasco. Senior Stasi officers came to see the myth''''''''s propagation as an embarrassment threatening broader interests, especially the GDR''''''''s interest in being accepted as a scientifically sophisticated state. In 1986, 1988, and 1989, officers of HV A/X, the Stasi''''''''s disinformation and "active measures" department, discussed the myth in meetings with the Bulgarian secret service. In the last of these meetings, HV A/X officers tried to interest their Bulgarian counterparts in taking up, or taking over, the myth''''''''s propagation. Further efforts, if any, were obscured by collapse of the East German and Bulgarian governments. Conclusion: No, the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth was not a Stasi success. Impressions to the contrary can be attributed to reliance on presumptions, boasts, and inventions. Presumptions conceding to the Stasi an extraordinary operational efficiency and an irresistible competence - qualities we could not confirm in this case - made the boasts and inventions more convincing than their evidentiary basis, had it been known, would have allowed. The result was disinformation about disinformation, a product we call "disinformation squared." heyykitty0 发表于 2021-08-10 05:44
别翻译为德语 法语
欧洲真没人看 人民日报
人民日报呢
角度清奇
你说实话，央视这样正常不正常
特朗普不是下去了么？ 再说好歹能骂骂总统，过过嘴瘾也挺爽啊。
我说你啊，靠这个拿工资累不累，干点啥不好
呃，单纯回一下，登堂入室“ 比喻学问或技能从浅到深，达到很高的水平”。不是这样用的。
没有政治正确，说得很准。可惜叫不醒米国人。
中央民族大学吧
为五毒所辟谣，哈哈
朋友圈上精英中高产们没少刷这些玩意儿，都支持美国民主党的，以希拉里，埃莉诺罗斯福为偶像，连生的娃都以这两人名字命名
请指出 上面哪一条 是错误的 说明下咯
看着真的好像啊。这里写东德也参加了。
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24697634/ Disinformation squared: was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Erhard Geissler 1, Robert Hunt Sprinkle Affiliations expand PMID: 24697634 DOI: 10.2990/32_2_2 Abstract Background: When in May 1983 the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first securely attributed to a virus, eventually called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), many controversies arose. Among these was one centering on HIV''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s origin. A startling hypothesis, called here the "HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth," asserted that HIV had been a product, accidental or intentional, of bioweaponry research. While its earliest identifiable contributors were in the West, this myth''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s most dynamic propagators were in the East. The Soviet security service, the KGB, took "active measures" to create and disseminate AIDS disinformation beginning no later than July 1983 and ending no earlier than October 1987. The East German security service, a complex bureaucracy popularly known as "the Stasi," was involved, too, but how early, how deeply, how uniformly, how ably, and how successfully has not been clear. Following German reunification, claims arose attributing to the Stasi the masterful execution of ingenious elements in a disinformation campaign they helped shape and soon came to dominate. We have tested these claims. Question: Was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Methods: Primary sources were documents and photographs assembled by the Ministry of State Security (MfS) of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany), the Ministry of Interior of the People''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s Republic of Bulgaria, and the United States Department of State; the estate of myth principals Jakob and Lilli Segal; the "AIDS box" in the estate of East German literary figure Stefan Heym; participant-observer recollections, interviews, and correspondence; and expert interviews. We examined secondary sources in light of primary sources. Findings: The HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth had debuted in print in India in 1983 and had been described in publications worldwide prior to 1986, the earliest year for which we found any Stasi document mentioning the myth in any context. Many of the myth''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s exponents were seemingly independent conspiracy theorists. Its single most creative exponent was Jakob Segal, an idiosyncratic Soviet biologist long resident in, and long retired in, the GDR. Segal applied to the myth a thin but tenacious layer of plausibility. We could not exclude a direct KGB influence on him but found no evidence demonstrating it. The Stasi did not direct his efforts and had difficulty tracking his activities. The Stasi were prone to interpretive error and self-aggrandizement. They credited themselves with successes they did not achieve, and, in one instance, failed to appreciate that a major presumptive success had actually been a fiasco. Senior Stasi officers came to see the myth''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s propagation as an embarrassment threatening broader interests, especially the GDR''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s interest in being accepted as a scientifically sophisticated state. In 1986, 1988, and 1989, officers of HV A/X, the Stasi''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s disinformation and "active measures" department, discussed the myth in meetings with the Bulgarian secret service. In the last of these meetings, HV A/X officers tried to interest their Bulgarian counterparts in taking up, or taking over, the myth''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s propagation. Further efforts, if any, were obscured by collapse of the East German and Bulgarian governments. Conclusion: No, the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth was not a Stasi success. Impressions to the contrary can be attributed to reliance on presumptions, boasts, and inventions. Presumptions conceding to the Stasi an extraordinary operational efficiency and an irresistible competence - qualities we could not confirm in this case - made the boasts and inventions more convincing than their evidentiary basis, had it been known, would have allowed. The result was disinformation about disinformation, a product we call "disinformation squared."
原来土共又是学的俄共. 哈哈哈
这是和共和党在国会提交的那份报告打擂台吗？
央视为什么要这么好心叫醒美国人啊，让美国从此滑向深渊，看着她衰落不好吗
他在蹲监狱赚工分呢
啊……. 才知道 真的假的，语文里还上过呢
看来是真的： https://news.cctv.com/2021/08/09/ARTIe15oYhw0XdqzGQinYkTT210809.shtml 都出书了，这是系统性的 全面战役已经开打了
哪像你们中国，敢说政府一点不是，寻衅滋事！
著名外宣ID还假惺惺说官媒low。
对 强国政治最统一
这作业抄的
因为溯源两个字是重点，宁可牺牲队形
不发疯就得封，让这场盛宴继续
赞阅读理解
搞半天是美国表现这么差但还勉强拿了第一，宝宝不开心
借用央视的话得“你品，你品，你细品”
细思极恐，小学生可能想着打击教育产业很久了😂
没有几千年.. 中东，欧洲留下那么多的古迹，实打实的文明
是的， 文革之后， 中华文明的传承已经中断了。
自己左右手互搏
这不是环球时报嘛
一直在说美国是发源国啊？
而且还是抄的俄爹的作业，80年代克格勃就说了艾滋病也是德特里克堡制造出来的，这次又梦幻联动了
这是内媒。
点赞还有名额限制么？我的确在这楼里贡献了不少
你们不会真信这报告能有啥料吧。 这一年来全世界最成功的人就是郭文贵了，成功洗脑美国人，包括一些美国华人。 真是中美通吃，真是人不要脸天下无敌。我相信哪天美国让他不满意了，太还能搞一堆恶心操作黑美国。我这话放这儿，过几年大家看。
呵呵，大裤衩里的男男女女主持人，看着伟光正，私底下。。。
现在官媒流行这种表达，以为更接地气，能讨老百姓开心😁🤪🤪
用溯源新冠来转移人民注意力 听这里 https://weibo.com/2656274875/KsIajgNkt?filter=hot&root_comment_id=4668433163355716&type=comment
恐怖俩字可以琢磨哈哈
your opinion worth 5cents
这个也太丢人了
这是啥外媒？不就是环球屎报吗？
最早应该是土改以后吧
你不知道现在的中共高层里最高学历是高中毕业的韩正吗？🤣🤣🤣
就是美国追溯新冠起源这件事对中国来说太恐怖了，要严正抗议
王沪宁改开后的硕士学位你也不承认啊？ 1978－1981年 复旦大学国际政治系国际政治专业硕士研究生
病毒是你家起源的，因为你家从来不让别人去你家溯源
王是工农兵大学生吧。李克强应该是文革以后自己考上大学的，这个算正规学历
那韩正等人名义上的学位也很高啊，我说的是真实学历。团派以外不就是韩正最高嘛。
这么看来国内疫情有点焦灼
错了，五毛粉红们最爱这个调调，这叫义正词严，掷地有声。直接喷你一脸，但都是空洞口号，不列事实，让你都没法反驳， 不会像人民日报一样被瑞士抓了小辫子。
这个好，我也这么想的LOL
我跟国内朋友说美国人根本不讨论中国新闻，得到的回应是 黑人问号脸
挺大一部分人智商就是这个水平。 这不当晚队友父母就微信跟进了：央视都报道了，美国都成啥啦！你们赶快放弃在美国的一切回来守在老家吧！ ——完全真事
U1S1国内网站的人特别喜欢这样，不管说的是不是事实，反正我哇啦哇啦骂你一顿就是我赢了，好像声音大就是真理，遇到这种情况也就随便吧，给对方眼神你就输了