古埃及aDNA Verena J. Schuenemann, Alexander Peltzer, Beatrix Welte, W. Paul van Pelt, Martyna Molak, Chuan-Chao Wang, Anja Furtwängler, Christian Urban, Ella Reiter, Kay Nieselt, Barbara Teßmann, Michael Francken, Katerina Harvati, Wolfgang Haak, Stephan Schiffels & Johannes Krause Nature Communications 8, Article number: 15694 (2017) doi:10.1038/ncomms15694 Received: 19 October 2016 Accepted: 20 April 2017 Published online: 30 May 2017 Abstract Egypt, located on the isthmus of Africa, is an ideal region to study historical population dynamics due to its geographic location and documented interactions with ancient civilizations in Africa, Asia and Europe. Particularly, in the first millennium BCE Egypt endured foreign domination leading to growing numbers of foreigners living within its borders possibly contributing genetically to the local population. Here we present 90 mitochondrial genomes as well as genome-wide data sets from three individuals obtained from Egyptian mummies. The samples recovered from Middle Egypt span around 1,300 years of ancient Egyptian history from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period. Our analyses reveal that ancient Egyptians shared more ancestry with Near Easterners than present-day Egyptians, who received additional sub-Saharan admixture in more recent times. This analysis establishes ancient Egyptian mummies as a genetic source to study ancient human history and offers the perspective of deciphering Egypt’s past at a genome-wide level. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15694 重点来了，结论是， 古埃及人种三例样本分别是J（mt-J1d),J(mt-M1a1),E1b1b1a1b2(mt-U6a2)。 战虎点评：搞了半天， 古埃及人种和现在的埃及人种一样，都是E J。几乎没变。 古埃及的土著们地位是最高的，而生活在古埃及的努比亚人，黑人和利比亚人，都属于被驯服的群体，地位相当于底层的奴隶。
古埃及aDNA Verena J. Schuenemann, Alexander Peltzer, Beatrix Welte, W. Paul van Pelt, Martyna Molak, Chuan-Chao Wang, Anja Furtwängler, Christian Urban, Ella Reiter, Kay Nieselt, Barbara Teßmann, Michael Francken, Katerina Harvati, Wolfgang Haak, Stephan Schiffels & Johannes Krause Nature Communications 8, Article number: 15694 (2017) doi:10.1038/ncomms15694 Received: 19 October 2016 Accepted: 20 April 2017 Published online: 30 May 2017 Abstract Egypt, located on the isthmus of Africa, is an ideal region to study historical population dynamics due to its geographic location and documented interactions with ancient civilizations in Africa, Asia and Europe. Particularly, in the first millennium BCE Egypt endured foreign domination leading to growing numbers of foreigners living within its borders possibly contributing genetically to the local population. Here we present 90 mitochondrial genomes as well as genome-wide data sets from three individuals obtained from Egyptian mummies. The samples recovered from Middle Egypt span around 1,300 years of ancient Egyptian history from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period. Our analyses reveal that ancient Egyptians shared more ancestry with Near Easterners than present-day Egyptians, who received additional sub-Saharan admixture in more recent times. This analysis establishes ancient Egyptian mummies as a genetic source to study ancient human history and offers the perspective of deciphering Egypt’s past at a genome-wide level. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15694 重点来了，结论是， 古埃及人种三例样本分别是J（mt-J1d),J(mt-M1a1),E1b1b1a1b2(mt-U6a2)。 战虎点评：搞了半天， 古埃及人种和现在的埃及人种一样，都是E J。几乎没变。 古埃及的土著们地位是最高的，而生活在古埃及的努比亚人，黑人和利比亚人，都属于被驯服的群体，地位相当于底层的奴隶。 大内密探008 发表于 2021-06-17 19:10
反驳文，质疑采样： Schuenemann et al.1 study is best seen as a contribution to understanding a local population history in northern Egypt asopposed to a population history of all Egypt from its inception. https://osf.io/ecwf3 black civilization 学派: “It has always struck me as odd that Egyptologists have been reluctant to admit that the ancient (and modern) Egyptians were rather dark-skinned Africans, especially the farther south one goes,” Smith continued. “As Bruce Williams pointed out years ago, an ancient Egyptian transported to the American South in the days of segregation would not be allowed to sit at the Woolworth’s lunch counter, would have to go to the back of the bus, would be barred from facilities reserved for whites. Smith, who is also director of UCSB’s Institute for Social, Behavioral and Economic Research, noted that the work of early American Egyptologists was used as justifications for American slavery, segregation and anti-blackness in the 19th and 20th centuries. https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2020/020030/african-egypt
古埃及aDNA Verena J. Schuenemann, Alexander Peltzer, Beatrix Welte, W. Paul van Pelt, Martyna Molak, Chuan-Chao Wang, Anja Furtwängler, Christian Urban, Ella Reiter, Kay Nieselt, Barbara Teßmann, Michael Francken, Katerina Harvati, Wolfgang Haak, Stephan Schiffels & Johannes Krause Nature Communications 8, Article number: 15694 (2017) doi:10.1038/ncomms15694 Received: 19 October 2016 Accepted: 20 April 2017 Published online: 30 May 2017 Abstract Egypt, located on the isthmus of Africa, is an ideal region to study historical population dynamics due to its geographic location and documented interactions with ancient civilizations in Africa, Asia and Europe. Particularly, in the first millennium BCE Egypt endured foreign domination leading to growing numbers of foreigners living within its borders possibly contributing genetically to the local population. Here we present 90 mitochondrial genomes as well as genome-wide data sets from three individuals obtained from Egyptian mummies. The samples recovered from Middle Egypt span around 1,300 years of ancient Egyptian history from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period. Our analyses reveal that ancient Egyptians shared more ancestry with Near Easterners than present-day Egyptians, who received additional sub-Saharan admixture in more recent times. This analysis establishes ancient Egyptian mummies as a genetic source to study ancient human history and offers the perspective of deciphering Egypt’s past at a genome-wide level. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15694 重点来了，结论是， 古埃及人种三例样本分别是J（mt-J1d),J(mt-M1a1),E1b1b1a1b2(mt-U6a2)。 战虎点评：搞了半天， 古埃及人种和现在的埃及人种一样，都是E J。几乎没变。 古埃及的土著们地位是最高的，而生活在古埃及的努比亚人，黑人和利比亚人，都属于被驯服的群体，地位相当于底层的奴隶。 大内密探008 发表于 2021-06-17 19:10
是啊。 美国白垃圾黑垃圾都非常有政治势力。
我刚离开美国就一年多，不过这不重要 关键是，华人上的政治正确跟美国的政治正确差太远了吧？这里是一窝蜂骂黑人的
古埃及aDNA Verena J. Schuenemann, Alexander Peltzer, Beatrix Welte, W. Paul van Pelt, Martyna Molak, Chuan-Chao Wang, Anja Furtwängler, Christian Urban, Ella Reiter, Kay Nieselt, Barbara Teßmann, Michael Francken, Katerina Harvati, Wolfgang Haak, Stephan Schiffels & Johannes Krause Nature Communications 8, Article number: 15694 (2017) doi:10.1038/ncomms15694 Received: 19 October 2016 Accepted: 20 April 2017 Published online: 30 May 2017 Abstract Egypt, located on the isthmus of Africa, is an ideal region to study historical population dynamics due to its geographic location and documented interactions with ancient civilizations in Africa, Asia and Europe. Particularly, in the first millennium BCE Egypt endured foreign domination leading to growing numbers of foreigners living within its borders possibly contributing genetically to the local population. Here we present 90 mitochondrial genomes as well as genome-wide data sets from three individuals obtained from Egyptian mummies. The samples recovered from Middle Egypt span around 1,300 years of ancient Egyptian history from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period. Our analyses reveal that ancient Egyptians shared more ancestry with Near Easterners than present-day Egyptians, who received additional sub-Saharan admixture in more recent times. This analysis establishes ancient Egyptian mummies as a genetic source to study ancient human history and offers the perspective of deciphering Egypt’s past at a genome-wide level. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15694 重点来了，结论是， 古埃及人种三例样本分别是J（mt-J1d),J(mt-M1a1),E1b1b1a1b2(mt-U6a2)。
战虎点评：搞了半天， 古埃及人种和现在的埃及人种一样，都是E J。几乎没变。
古埃及的土著们地位是最高的，而生活在古埃及的努比亚人，黑人和利比亚人，都属于被驯服的群体，地位相当于底层的奴隶。
反驳文，质疑采样： Schuenemann et al.1 study is best seen as a contribution to understanding a local population history in northern Egypt asopposed to a population history of all Egypt from its inception. https://osf.io/ecwf3
black civilization 学派: “It has always struck me as odd that Egyptologists have been reluctant to admit that the ancient (and modern) Egyptians were rather dark-skinned Africans, especially the farther south one goes,” Smith continued. “As Bruce Williams pointed out years ago, an ancient Egyptian transported to the American South in the days of segregation would not be allowed to sit at the Woolworth’s lunch counter, would have to go to the back of the bus, would be barred from facilities reserved for whites.
Smith, who is also director of UCSB’s Institute for Social, Behavioral and Economic Research, noted that the work of early American Egyptologists was used as justifications for American slavery, segregation and anti-blackness in the 19th and 20th centuries. https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2020/020030/african-egypt
不说了。。。
你也不太上华人吧。 我怎么觉得华人每天都要骂白垃圾的帖子啊。
这次疫情和川粉彻底打碎了我以前潜意识还保留的一点白人至上
这位点评的人说法不咋科学，那次调查的样品是单一来源，不能代表所有古埃及人。另外历史上非洲文明也有过辉煌时代，Mali, aksum, kush譬如说。。
川粉中的垃圾比例，呵呵呵
那说明什么呢？ 所以，种族主义白人不屑于中国人为当年华夏文明的辉煌的自豪，认为那离现在太远了。 关于种族主义，现在被披上很多科学的外衣，或者，一些客观的科学研究，被利用来为种族主义张目。当然，这些被称之为“科学种族主义”（scientific racism) 的言论，历史很悠久，也早已经被驳斥过。 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism 事实是，不同种族的文明发展过程中，受到诸多因素（譬如非常重要的地理特征）的影响，不同种族的人类之间的差异（从生物学角度看），影响是微乎其微的。 反种族主义，并不是为了追求政治正确，或者民粹主义，既有人类历史血的教训，也有科学依据。 从人类历史的教训来说，任何一个种族，既可能成为种族主义的迫害者，也可能成为受害者。 从科学依据上看，不同种族的DNA的差别微乎其微。 一个具体的例子，在白人社区中成长的奥巴马，一半基因是非裔，但同样可以非常优秀。当然，很多人指出，他其实是培养出了白人意识。 美国非裔为什么始终难以改善其社会经济状况？如果一个非裔孩子，从小生活在不同的环境中，会如何？ 我一直认为，stereotype在有意塑造他们的自我认知。当年著名的Clark Doll Experiment，黑人孩子选择玩具，67%的黑人孩子选择白洋娃娃。 直到今天，从小在白人为主的环境中长大的华人男孩，我遇到过非常多（从十几岁青少年到五十岁ABC，都认为金发白女是最迷人的，只是人家瞧不上他们，所以最后才选择亚裔结婚）。这种审美观来自哪里？ 但是，经过很多年纠正，实验表明，今天的黑人孩子，大部分开始选择黑洋娃娃玩耍。这中间经过了非常艰苦的努力。 现在很多华人的审美观，包括华女自身，都已经被白人文化熏陶，倾向于白人脸部特征的审美观了。这虽然没有自恨那么严重，但绝对影响自我认同。（看看华人上的大妈小留们讨论美女标准） 美国非裔同样深受其害。不仅非裔，亚裔同样如此。看看西方主流社会选择的亚裔美女代表，有多少符合亚裔自身传统的审美观？（当然，需要区分后工业文明审美观的变化，以及不同文化之间的差异，需要谨慎） 我们家是女娃。她从小在白人为主的学校长大，同样觉得金发白人男生更帅，看不起华裔男生长相，哪怕我们觉得很可爱很帅。 这其实都是主流文化的影响。未必是种族歧视，但确实会影响自我认同。 很多二代孩子，直到二三十岁之后，自我意识才真正觉醒并自我认同，而甚至有的人一生都在困惑之中。 我拿华裔自身举例，是想说同样作为少数裔的华裔，应当对种族歧视感同身受。 但是，华裔难道能认为天生就聪明？勤劳？善于数学、科学？ 当然不。 今天中国高速发展后，城市里通常出现大量不思进取的食利族。而我第一次接触这个概念，其实是二三十年前的国内某报纸，讨论上海某些先富起来的家庭，开始靠利息生活而不工作。（现在回忆起来，那时的财富自由标准非常之低） 所以中国人天生勤奋，和种族实在没有关系。而是文化、教育、社会经济状况等多种因素决定的。也不是所有中国人都勤奋的。 毋庸讳言，由于各种原因，包括殖民主义者、种族主义者对殖民地非裔的长期奴役，（非洲也有长期殖民地史）包括灌输的种族主义偏见，在很大程度上也造成了非裔自身的问题。这也是很多非裔中的有识之士意识到并在呼吁改变的。 （从上面doll实验，到非裔对自身的认知，都深受种族主义影响） 举例来说，为什么我们要反对亚裔擅长数学、非裔擅长田径运动的偏见？因为潜台词就是，亚裔不擅长运动，非裔不擅长学术。 曾经认识一位本科数学、硕士CS的非裔学生，和他有过一些交往，虽然我对他身上非常典型的发展中国家一代移民的某些道德素质不太感冒（譬如急功近利、撒谎等，很多早期华裔一样有），但从另一个角度看，他非常聪明，反应敏捷，上进心强，除去肤色，和华裔没有什么不同。他在白人社区长大吗？不。他出生乍得，考取土耳其一所大学奖学金，然后又获得美国的大学奖学金。） 至于为什么非洲没有产生过辉煌的文明？有些历史学家曾从地理角度给出解释。个人认为是合理的。感兴趣可以去了解一下。 其实，看看南美某些白人为主的国家的现况，比如阿根廷，和许多种族主义者经常喜欢用的南非的例子，可以对比一下。种族并不是原因。历史、文化、社会、经济，这些复杂因素，恐怕才是原因。 其实研究非裔的困境，从某种角度也是为了更加客观认识华裔自身。 通过娃所了解的美国教育系统，发现，要根除那些潜移默化的偏见和歧视对娃的许多观念的影响，真不是一件容易的事情。毕竟，是在纠正整个主流文化中系统性偏见。而我们还是在深蓝州。难以想象深红州教育系统是什么样子。
Crime level要加入过度执法的考量来看啊亲
冲击国会这么吓人的事都没人开枪，就一个SS 被迫无奈开了枪，想像一下国会山的墙上爬的都是黑人会怎么样？
婚都没结算哪门子的妻？
黑人放火烧大楼，零元购，谁敢突突
对Ben Shapiro同感，他伪装得比较好，要多看多听他说的才能发现。
哪里看出楼主的发言里觉得自己高人一等了？
他也从来不隐藏自己对这些在他眼里“下等人”的不屑和鄙视，从纽约当建筑商就开始了。出门greet群众，不喜欢握手，号称有“细菌恐惧症”。