Coronavirus Recommendations from a pathologist and molecular virologist. 来自于冠状病毒病理学家和分子病毒学家的建议 Date: February 26, 2020 at 2:35:50 PM EST 日期:2020 年 2 月 26 日，美国东部标准时间下午 2:35:50 Subject: What I am doing for the upcoming COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic 主题:我对 COVID-19 冠状病毒所采取的措施 Dear Colleagues, as some of you may recall, when I was a professor of pathology at the University of California San Diego, I was one of the first molecular virologists in the world to work on coronaviruses (the 1970s). I was the first to demonstrate the number of genes the virus contained. Since then, I have kept up with the coronavirus field and its multiple clinical transfers into the human population (e.g., SARS, MERS), from different animal sources. The current projections for its expansion in the US are only probable, due to continued insufficient worldwide data, but it is most likely to be widespread in the US by mid to late March and April. Here is what I have done and the precautions that I take and will take. These are the same precautions I currently use during our influenza seasons, except for the mask and gloves.: 各位同事，您可能还记得，当我是加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的病理学教授时，我是世界 上最早研究冠状病毒的分子病毒学家之一(1970 年代)。我是第一个证明该病毒包含的基因 数量的人。从那时起，我一直跟踪了解冠状病毒领域的发展及其从不同动物身上转移到人类 身上(例如 SARS，MERS)。 由于全球数据持续不足，目前对它在美国扩张的预测是可能的，但最有可能在 3 月中旬至 4 月中旬在美国广泛传播。 这是我建议采取的预防措施，它们和我在流感季节使用的预防措施相同，此外还加上口罩和 手套。 1) NO HANDSHAKING! Use a fist bump, slight bow, elbow bump, etc. 1)见面打招呼不握手，换成碰拳，鞠躬，碰肘就好。 2) Use ONLY your knuckle to touch light switches. elevator buttons, etc.. Lift the gasoline dispenser with a paper towel or use a disposable glove. 2)用指关节触碰灯开关，电梯按钮等。加油时拿喷枪时用餐巾纸包裹或者戴上一次性手套。 3) Open doors with your closed fist or hip - do not grasp the handle with your hand, unless there is no other way to open the door. Especially important on bathroom and post office/commercial doors. 3)除非没有别的办法，否则用拳头或臀部推开门，不要用手抓门把手，尤其在上厕所和开 邮局/公共区域的门时。 4) Use disinfectant wipes at the stores when they are available, including wiping the handle and child seat in grocery carts. 4)去商店时，请使用消毒湿巾，包括擦拭超市推车上的把手和推车中的儿童座椅。
5) Wash your hands with soap for 10-20 seconds and/or use a greater than 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer whenever you return home from ANY activity that involves locations where other people have been. 5)从外头回家后请用肥皂洗手 10-20 秒和/或使用以上 60%酒精含量的洗手液。 6) Keep a bottle of sanitizer available at each of your home's entrances. AND in your car for use after getting gas or touching other contaminated objects when you can't immediately wash your hands. 6)在您家的每个入口处都准备一瓶消毒液。并且当您无法立即洗手时，在加油或接触其它 物体后，可以在车上使用。 7) If possible, cough or sneeze into a disposable tissue and discard. Use your elbow only if you have to. The clothing on your elbow will contain infectious virus that can be passed on for up to a week or more! 7)如果可能，对着纸巾咳嗽或打喷嚏，仅在必要时才使用肘部;肘部的衣服将携带传染性 病毒，这些病毒可以传播长达一周或更长时间! What I have stocked in preparation for the pandemic spread to the US: 建议囤货的库存: 1) Latex or nitrile latex disposable gloves for use when going shopping, using the gasoline pump, and all other outside activity when you come in contact with contaminated areas. 1)乳胶或丁腈乳胶一次性手套:用于购物和加油泵，以及所有其他室外活动。 Note: This virus is spread in large droplets by coughing and sneezing. This means that the air will not infect you! BUT all the surfaces where these droplets land are infectious for about a week on average - everything that is associated with infected people will be contaminated and potentially infectious. The virus is on surfaces and you will not be infected unless your unprotected face is directly coughed or sneezed upon. This virus only has cell receptors for lung cells (it only infects your lungs) The only way for the virus to infect you is through your nose or mouth via your hands or an infected cough or sneeze onto or into your nose or mouth. 注意:该病毒通过咳嗽和打喷嚏以飞沫形式传播。这意味着空气不会感染您!但是这些飞 沫降落的所有表面都具有传染性，大约一周左右-与感染者相关的所有事物都会被污染并具 有潜在的传染性。该病毒仅停留在物体表面，除非脸部被病毒携带者正对着咳嗽或打喷嚏， 否则不会被感染。该病毒仅具有肺细胞的细胞受体(开始仅感染肺部)。唯一感染该病毒的 方法是通过鼻子，嘴巴，手，或被病毒携带者正对着咳嗽或打喷嚏。 2) Stock up now with disposable surgical masks and use them to prevent you from touching your nose and/or mouth (We touch our nose/mouth 90X/day without knowing it!). This is the only way this virus can infect you - it is lung-specific. The mask will not prevent the virus in a direct sneeze from getting into your nose or mouth - it is only to keep you from touching your nose or mouth. 2)存放一次性外科口罩:戴口罩主要是用它们来防止触摸鼻子和/或嘴巴(我们不知不觉每 天触摸鼻子/嘴 90 次!)。这是该病毒感染您的唯一方法-病毒开始只攻击肺。口罩除了防止 病毒通过飞沫直接进入鼻子或嘴巴，还防止直接触摸鼻子或嘴巴。
3) Stock up now with hand sanitizers and latex/nitrile gloves (get the appropriate sizes for your family). The hand sanitizers must be alcohol-based and greater than 60% alcohol to be effective. 3)储备洗手液和乳胶/丁腈手套(为您的家人准备合适的尺码):洗手液必须基于酒精，并 且酒精含量大于 60%才能有效。 4) Stock up now with zinc lozenges. These lozenges have been proven to be effective in blocking coronavirus (and most other viruses) from multiplying in your throat and nasopharynx. Use as directed several times each day when you begin to feel ANY "cold-like" symptoms beginning. It is best to lie down and let the lozenge dissolve in the back of your throat and nasopharynx. Cold-Eeze lozenges is one brand available, but there are other brands available. 4)存储含锌锭剂:这些锭剂已被证明可有效阻止冠状病毒(和大多数其他病毒)在您的喉 咙和鼻咽中繁殖。当您开始感觉到任何“感冒”症状时，请每天按指示使用几次。最好躺下， 让锭剂溶解在您的喉咙和鼻咽后部。 Cold-Eeze 锭剂是一个可用的品牌，但还有其他可用的 品牌。 I, as many others do, hope that this pandemic will be reasonably contained, BUT I personally do not think it will be. Humans have never seen this snake-associated virus before and have no internal defense against it. Tremendous worldwide efforts are being made to understand the molecular and clinical virology of this virus. Unbelievable molecular knowledge about the genomics, structure, and virulence of this virus has already been achieved. But, there will be no drugs or vaccines available this year to protect us or limit the infection within us. Only symptomatic support is available. I hope these personal thoughts will be helpful during this potentially catastrophic pandemic. You are welcome to share this email. Good luck to all of us! 我和其他许多人一样，希望这一流行病能够得到合理遏制，但我个人认为不会。人类以前从 未见过这种与蛇相关的病毒，也没有内部防御措施。全球正在作出巨大的努力来了解这种病 毒分子和临床病毒学。关于这种病毒的基因组学，结构和毒力，已经获得了令人难以置信的 分子知识。但是，今年将没有可用的药物或疫苗来保护我们或限制感染。目前的药物仅能缓 解症状。我希望这些个人想法对这一潜在的灾难性大流行有帮助。欢迎您分享此电子邮件。 祝大家好运! James Robb, MD FCAP 詹姆斯·罗伯(James Robb)，医学博士
来自于冠状病毒病理学家和分子病毒学家的建议
Date: February 26, 2020 at 2:35:50 PM EST
日期:2020 年 2 月 26 日，美国东部标准时间下午 2:35:50
Subject: What I am doing for the upcoming COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic 主题:我对 COVID-19 冠状病毒所采取的措施
Dear Colleagues, as some of you may recall, when I was a professor of pathology at the University of California San Diego, I was one of the first molecular virologists in the world to work on coronaviruses (the 1970s). I was the first to demonstrate the number of genes the virus contained. Since then, I have kept up with the coronavirus field and its multiple clinical transfers into the human population (e.g., SARS, MERS), from different animal sources.
The current projections for its expansion in the US are only probable, due to continued insufficient worldwide data, but it is most likely to be widespread in the US by mid to late March and April. Here is what I have done and the precautions that I take and will take. These are the same precautions I currently use during our influenza seasons, except for the mask and gloves.: 各位同事，您可能还记得，当我是加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的病理学教授时，我是世界 上最早研究冠状病毒的分子病毒学家之一(1970 年代)。我是第一个证明该病毒包含的基因 数量的人。从那时起，我一直跟踪了解冠状病毒领域的发展及其从不同动物身上转移到人类 身上(例如 SARS，MERS)。
由于全球数据持续不足，目前对它在美国扩张的预测是可能的，但最有可能在 3 月中旬至 4 月中旬在美国广泛传播。 这是我建议采取的预防措施，它们和我在流感季节使用的预防措施相同，此外还加上口罩和 手套。
1) NO HANDSHAKING! Use a fist bump, slight bow, elbow bump, etc. 1)见面打招呼不握手，换成碰拳，鞠躬，碰肘就好。
2) Use ONLY your knuckle to touch light switches. elevator buttons, etc.. Lift the gasoline dispenser with a paper towel or use a disposable glove. 2)用指关节触碰灯开关，电梯按钮等。加油时拿喷枪时用餐巾纸包裹或者戴上一次性手套。
3) Open doors with your closed fist or hip - do not grasp the handle with your hand, unless there is no other way to open the door. Especially important on bathroom and post office/commercial doors. 3)除非没有别的办法，否则用拳头或臀部推开门，不要用手抓门把手，尤其在上厕所和开 邮局/公共区域的门时。
4) Use disinfectant wipes at the stores when they are available, including wiping the handle and child seat in grocery carts. 4)去商店时，请使用消毒湿巾，包括擦拭超市推车上的把手和推车中的儿童座椅。
可能是。不过之前知乎杀生丸提到过，锌的膳食补充剂有助于降低肺炎的强度。我也搜了一下google scholar，感觉是有文献支持的。