According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes a review of Nobel prizes award between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes Laureates, have identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference.[76] Overall, Christians have won a total of 72.5% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry,[77]65.3% in Physics,[77] 62% in Medicine,[77] 54% in Economics.[77][77]
According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes a review of Nobel prizes award between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes Laureates, have identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference.[76] Overall, Christians have won a total of 72.5% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry,[77]65.3% in Physics,[77] 62% in Medicine,[77] 54% in Economics.[77][77]
Sir — The question of religious belief among US scientists has been debated since early in the century. Our latest survey finds that, among the top natural scientists, disbelief is greater than ever — almost total.
Research on this topic began with the eminent US psychologist James H. Leuba and his landmark survey of 1914. He found that 58% of 1,000 randomly selected US scientists expressed disbelief or doubt in the existence of God, and that this figure rose to near 70% among the 400 "greater" scientists within his sample [1]. Leuba repeated his survey in somewhat different form 20 years later, and found that these percentages had increased to 67 and 85, respectively [2]. In 1996, we repeated Leuba's 1914 survey and reported our results in Nature [3]. We found little change from 1914 for American scientists generally, with 60.7% expressing disbelief or doubt. This year, we closely imitated the second phase of Leuba's 1914 survey to gauge belief among "greater" scientists, and find the rate of belief lower than ever — a mere 7% of respondents. Leuba attributed the higher level of disbelief and doubt among "greater" scientists to their "superior knowledge, understanding, and experience" [3]. Similarly, Oxford University scientist Peter Atkins commented on our 1996 survey, "You clearly can be a scientist and have religious beliefs. But I don't think you can be a real scientist in the deepest sense of the word because they are such alien categories of knowledge." [4] Such comments led us to repeat the second phase of Leuba's study for an up-to-date comparison of the religious beliefs of "greater" and "lesser" scientists. Our chosen group of "greater" scientists were members of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Our survey found near universal rejection of the transcendent by NAS natural scientists. Disbelief in God and immortality among NAS biological scientists was 65.2% and 69.0%, respectively, and among NAS physical scientists it was 79.0% and 76.3%. Most of the rest were agnostics on both issues, with few believers. We found the highest percentage of belief among NAS mathematicians (14.3% in God, 15.0% in immortality). Biological scientists had the lowest rate of belief (5.5% in God, 7.1% in immortality), with physicists and astronomers slightly higher (7.5% in God, 7.5% in immortality). Overall comparison figures for the 1914, 1933 and 1998 surveys appear in Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison of survey answers among "greater" scientists
Sir — The question of religious belief among US scientists has been debated since early in the century. Our latest survey finds that, among the top natural scientists, disbelief is greater than ever — almost total.
Research on this topic began with the eminent US psychologist James H. Leuba and his landmark survey of 1914. He found that 58% of 1,000 randomly selected US scientists expressed disbelief or doubt in the existence of God, and that this figure rose to near 70% among the 400 "greater" scientists within his sample [1]. Leuba repeated his survey in somewhat different form 20 years later, and found that these percentages had increased to 67 and 85, respectively [2]. In 1996, we repeated Leuba's 1914 survey and reported our results in Nature [3]. We found little change from 1914 for American scientists generally, with 60.7% expressing disbelief or doubt. This year, we closely imitated the second phase of Leuba's 1914 survey to gauge belief among "greater" scientists, and find the rate of belief lower than ever — a mere 7% of respondents. Leuba attributed the higher level of disbelief and doubt among "greater" scientists to their "superior knowledge, understanding, and experience" [3]. Similarly, Oxford University scientist Peter Atkins commented on our 1996 survey, "You clearly can be a scientist and have religious beliefs. But I don't think you can be a real scientist in the deepest sense of the word because they are such alien categories of knowledge." [4] Such comments led us to repeat the second phase of Leuba's study for an up-to-date comparison of the religious beliefs of "greater" and "lesser" scientists. Our chosen group of "greater" scientists were members of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Our survey found near universal rejection of the transcendent by NAS natural scientists. Disbelief in God and immortality among NAS biological scientists was 65.2% and 69.0%, respectively, and among NAS physical scientists it was 79.0% and 76.3%. Most of the rest were agnostics on both issues, with few believers. We found the highest percentage of belief among NAS mathematicians (14.3% in God, 15.0% in immortality). Biological scientists had the lowest rate of belief (5.5% in God, 7.1% in immortality), with physicists and astronomers slightly higher (7.5% in God, 7.5% in immortality). Overall comparison figures for the 1914, 1933 and 1998 surveys appear in Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison of survey answers among "greater" scientists
每个国家历史阶段都会有黑暗期。就像中国明清近代文化大革命一连串让中国经济滞后一样。宗教本来就不应该和政治的联合。你说的科学脱离宗教,应该是宗教脱离政治吧。
针对你的现代科学家有多少是信教的。我搜了一下,帮你贴上来。
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christians_in_science_and_technology
According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes a review of Nobel prizes award between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes Laureates, have identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference.[76] Overall, Christians have won a total of 72.5% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry,[77]65.3% in Physics,[77] 62% in Medicine,[77] 54% in Economics.[77][77]
中國明清時代怎麼了?燒女巫迫害科學家了?經濟滯後?天災或者 戰亂時期吧,除此之外的經濟不要太好,中國一直到清末都是奢侈品的出口大國,不然咋來的鴉片戰爭呢。
這是98年的時候Nature針對美國頂點科學家信不信教做的調查,還蠻有名的,現在應該更少信得了吧, 僅供參考
Leading scientists still reject God
Nature, Vol. 394, No. 6691, p. 313 (1998) © Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Sir — The question of religious belief among US scientists has been debated since early in the century. Our latest survey finds that, among the top natural scientists, disbelief is greater than ever — almost total.
Research on this topic began with the eminent US psychologist James H. Leuba and his landmark survey of 1914. He found that 58% of 1,000 randomly selected US scientists expressed disbelief or doubt in the existence of God, and that this figure rose to near 70% among the 400 "greater" scientists within his sample [1]. Leuba repeated his survey in somewhat different form 20 years later, and found that these percentages had increased to 67 and 85, respectively [2].
In 1996, we repeated Leuba's 1914 survey and reported our results in Nature [3]. We found little change from 1914 for American scientists generally, with 60.7% expressing disbelief or doubt. This year, we closely imitated the second phase of Leuba's 1914 survey to gauge belief among "greater" scientists, and find the rate of belief lower than ever — a mere 7% of respondents.
Leuba attributed the higher level of disbelief and doubt among "greater" scientists to their "superior knowledge, understanding, and experience" [3]. Similarly, Oxford University scientist Peter Atkins commented on our 1996 survey, "You clearly can be a scientist and have religious beliefs. But I don't think you can be a real scientist in the deepest sense of the word because they are such alien categories of knowledge." [4] Such comments led us to repeat the second phase of Leuba's study for an up-to-date comparison of the religious beliefs of "greater" and "lesser" scientists.
Our chosen group of "greater" scientists were members of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Our survey found near universal rejection of the transcendent by NAS natural scientists. Disbelief in God and immortality among NAS biological scientists was 65.2% and 69.0%, respectively, and among NAS physical scientists it was 79.0% and 76.3%. Most of the rest were agnostics on both issues, with few believers. We found the highest percentage of belief among NAS mathematicians (14.3% in God, 15.0% in immortality). Biological scientists had the lowest rate of belief (5.5% in God, 7.1% in immortality), with physicists and astronomers slightly higher (7.5% in God, 7.5% in immortality). Overall comparison figures for the 1914, 1933 and 1998 surveys appear in Table 1.
☆ 发自 iPhone 华人一网 1.11.08
嗯,整个大乘佛教里有很多后人编的佛经,经典,文字,组织形式都更是宗教的样子。
要真正从佛学里得到益处还是要去南传佛教里去学。原始佛教其实不太像宗教,就是修行。
直接丢了link, 对你贴的那个survey结果的质疑。自己看吧。美国大选survey还说希拉里大赢呢。survey的问题和survey的人群决定了survey的结果。你要是真较真儿,去改我之前贴的wiki link吧,实名实姓。
https://ncse.com/library-resource/do-scientists-really-reject-god
我开贴首先就声明了这个就是纯粹讨论宗教,不想convert不信教的。不管信教不信教大家都可以分享宗教知识和对宗教的理解。如果你一味的想证明宗教有多不好,请你单开一贴。我相信一定会有人响应。
主耶稣基督解决了人罪和死的问题,这也是其他是宗教不是信仰的原因。并且不是人选择信神,而是神的救赎是早已成就的。
同意你说的。还有很多人从法律的角度理解罪,我觉得没有杀人放火偷盗抢劫,怎么说我是罪人。不能理解罪,就不会接受救赎。
Mormon是摩尔门,不是魔门,他们教会成员都自称耶稣基督后期圣徒或者LDS member。我在mormon本家州,mormon给我的第一感觉非常非常重视家庭,重视夫妻子女,相信多子多福,30岁这一代基本都是四个孩子标配,上一代六个都不算多的。mormon家庭的太太都能力非凡,娃生的早,也很重视个人形象,带着四个娃没有保姆临时工照顾家庭还游刃有余。大大小小公司经商的人很多,公司里一堆mormon教徒年龄超过65还在工作。因为经商和传教,对于台湾,中国文化,中文有着巨大的热情,三个月说一口中文的lds member一打打的,邻居都是白人但中文流利到可以跟爸妈海阔天空的聊天,大的daycare只有三个讲中文的小朋友,但每个教室和房间都有中文标识。说到传教,我们这经常有别的国家和别的州过来传教的missionaries,有男孩有女孩,我们本地家庭的孩子满18也会被派去世界各个角落传教,回来的时候街口有大牌子,welcome home elder xxxx。进一步了解过,这些传教的孩子的费用都是家庭自己出,传教士的生活听起来很枯燥,这个不能看那个不能做,他们人都非常好,会中文的很多。教会条条框框很多,首先不能喝茶咖啡任何带caffeine的饮料,酒烟大麻肯定更是大忌。教会内等级和制度都是一般基督教会不可比的,教会涉及到生活每个层面,连个人理财也有授课。我相信mormon重视家庭,教育,工作,经商,虔诚这些特质某种程度上使得我们州安全指数较高。
家人都是佛教改信基督教,洗过礼,其中有人对mormon偏见很大的,就像这里的基督教会专门开课批判的。我们本地的牧师水平还是挺高的,讲课风趣幽默有一些哲理,不会生搬硬套书里的内容,所以我对基督教有了解也有疑惑,一为什么别的宗教就是邪教,别的宗教膜拜的偶像就是邪物;二可能是我们本地华人基督教会部分管理人员的特性,见到有想法加入基督教的就很热情,观察你一段时间没有入教想法,就理也不理;三是有一些看待解决问题的观点很虚,一切都靠上帝,动不动拉经文出来敷衍。
谢谢mm码这么多字解释摩门教。摩门教为什么会会有多妻制。我见到的摩门教传教的人都是两个很年轻很帅的人一起,白衬衫打领带。女生是不是不传教? 是不是中国不信教的多,他们才想学中文传教。你在那个州信摩门教的中国人多吗?他们也每周日去教会吗?
一。关于膜拜偶像,首先是圣经里神的指示。我有时候也想为什么圣经里从一开始就不让膜拜偶像。而以色列人见证那么多神的奇迹之后,还是会经常膜拜偶像,被视为unfaithful。有可能人们需要有一个具体的影像, 否则无影无形,比较难以接受。如果我们塑造一个神话一些的形象,说这就是创造宇宙的xxx神。如果你敬拜这个神,他就保你平安给你钱财保你健康。我们看到偶像,觉得神在这个偶像上,而不是无处不在,重要的是在我们身上和我们一起。如果我们敬拜偶像,是敬拜的心里的神,还是面前的小雕塑? 我觉得敬拜心里的神,比敬拜面前的偶像更难。敬拜偶像会让我们失去和神的connection, 所以神才不让敬拜偶像。
二,我觉得是有些华人教会的特征,不知道华人教会是什么教派。但是另一方面有些不信教的,对传教的人也有诋毁情绪。有微信都知道,如果一方热情几次,对方没有什么反应,友谊的小船都容易翻,何况不认识的两个人。所以我觉得前后冷热变化两方面原因都有吧。信教的人也是凡人。对有些事也比较敏感。拿我自己说,我会非常小心的分享和基督教有关的东西。怕对方有压力,本来只是想分享,如果给对方添堵就不好了。
三,这个我觉得要看你在什么阶段看。不信的时候觉得很虚。当你信的时候,你就不觉得虚了。我老公父母就是非常虔诚的基督徒。我老公爸爸今年手术,ER的车上从一个城市到另一个城市。他在Er车上痛苦万分的时侯,一直想着圣经里的话才能得到安慰。所以有些人我们听着虚,并不一定真的虚。当然肯定也有虚的。这个在所难免,电视上那些有名的传教人还有很多false teaching呢。浑水摸鱼,虚伪的人哪里都有。
讨论某个宗教必然会牵扯到宗教的历史特质,我分享的也是我对宗教的知识和理解,你认为哪点不对,可以摆事实,讲道理,用你自己的知识和理解指出来。按你的逻辑,如果你所谓讨论宗教就是只能一味证明某个宗教有多好的话,那就是变相传教,文不对题的大概是你。
神 也 没 有 宽 容 上 古 的 世 代 , 曾 叫 洪 水 临 到 那 不 敬 虔 的 世 代 , 却 保 护 了 传 义 道 的 挪 亚 一 家 八 口 。
又 判 定 所 多 玛 , 蛾 摩 拉 , 将 二 城 倾 覆 , 焚 烧 成 灰 , 作 为 后 世 不 敬 虔 人 的 鉴 戒 。
只 搭 救 了 那 常 为 恶 人 淫 行 忧 伤 的 义 人 罗 得 。
精神是不错,可惜是后人编的,你是要跟那个人间的佛陀学呢,还是跟后人编出来的天上的那个佛?
大乘里的漏洞很多,不过一般人了解不多,所以看不出来,或者被洗脑了不愿意承认。
男女missionaries都可以传教,男生是白衬衫西裤打领带背包,女孩一般都是过了膝盖的长裙背包。传教的过程有的时候是男孩骑车或者步行,有的时候是由其他有车的教徒开车带他(她)们,但教会规定了,男教徒送男传教士,女教徒送女传教士。这是他们成长过程很重要的一部分,很多教徒是上大学前就要被分派传教,回来后继续学业。他们每周日都会去教会,人数众多,无论老人大人孩子,去教会都会西装革履,打扮的非常隆重精致,每个mormon教会的停车场都是爆满,一般早上9点到12点。每一片区域都有自己的教会,很多地区每隔5分钟车程内就有一个。目前国内是不允许mormon合法传教的,台湾和香港可以,传教士都是去这两个地方,所以台湾和香港的教徒很多。台湾是90年前就开始传教了,韩国人很多是1992年洛杉矶暴乱逃到这里的家庭。现在我们当地华人mormon教会以韩国的,台湾的,国内的女传教士和家庭,还有一大批会讲中文的美国家庭组成。有的中国家庭是在这里入教的,有的是在国内就入了,在国内他们有家庭教会,有被当局请喝茶过,但也算相安无事,国内教徒经常去香港的教会,他们的父母也很多在香港做了永恒婚姻的seal。国内来的传教士女孩,我遇到过四川和江苏的,她们都是过来美国经由slc圣殿分配传教,传教结束后就回国了,有的人会回国申请BYU的专业再回来,我认识的国内摩门教徒没有人以什么宗教庇护滞留美国的,这是第一点让人尊重的原因。
楼主说的现在还存在的一夫多妻是隐居的mormon fundamentalism,简称FLDS,也是原教旨主义之一,与世隔绝,多妻,童妻,可以喝酒喝咖啡,血祭,不参加选举,否定有色人种,否定正统mormon,这些和正统mormon的教义都是严重相悖的,也和正常的伦理道德大相径庭。他们这一群不被slc圣殿接受,不被承认是mormon教徒,也大多数不住在我们州,大部分生活在colorado。现在正统mormon的历史里确实一夫多妻过,在1890年以前,现在我周围的邻居同事100%都是一夫一妻四个娃+。
至于正统mormon一夫多妻的原因,我了解的是因为当年基督徒利用极少数摩门教徒一夫多妻制的现象,还有mormon在当地建立的繁盛的生意和zion社会机制,煽动暴徒对mormon进行残酷迫害,发动了1838年的mormon war,使ohio和missouri的mormon在1839年向illinois逃亡。 结果同样的原因又造成了基督教的不满,当时mormon的创始人Joseph Smith被杀,很多男教徒在反抗中被杀,存活的一批人携家带子从illinois迁往当时荒芜的utah。现在这里各处还有当年这些被后世称为pionners的雕像,男人拉着车,女人推着车,车上一群孩子,长途跋涉到荒凉的utah。迁徙途中,又病逝了一批男丁。到了这里,mormon开始像以前在别处安家那样开荒种地建教会房子,拿带来的种子一个一个尝试适合这里气候的植物。mormon本身的说法是接受神的旨意,让更多女性可以踏入永恒婚姻的契约中。但我看过一些史实,我觉得更多为了繁衍,因为几次战争迁徙让信徒的数量极具下滑,为了让自己的宗教在荒芜人烟的地方延续下去,生育是唯一的办法。1890年这个制度彻底废除,以这个条件,utah才于1896年加入federal government。但即便有这些冲突的历史,我迄今为止没有听到过一个mormon恶意评论或者诋毁过基督教,以现在mormon在商业上的成功,这是第二点我信任前面一些说法且尊敬他们的原因。
第三点是我质疑的重点,教人向善的宗教没有高低贵贱先来后到之分,博大精深的宗教靠强大宽宏的精神文明吸引慕道友和异教友,而不是用不信教就下地狱,说白了就跟o8m care不买保险就加倍罚款异曲同工。在我一个暂不信任何教的外人眼里,mormon是一群执着坚韧的信徒,天赋异禀的能工巧匠,勤劳聪明的劳动者和生意人,热爱家庭孩子重视传统的一群人。有些观念甚至和中国人的传统意识重合。但在基督徒的眼里,mormon至今仍是一个邪教,比如楼主在前面的发言,请楼主勿怪我私自截图。其实让我这样的人更加不信服,包括楼主用魔教误称这个已经稳固存在且发展繁荣的宗教,mormon发展迄今已不单是宗教和信仰,现在也是政府和企业,从措辞这一点也能窥测到基督徒的不了解和不尊重。楼主不是我遇到第一个这样说法的基督徒,可以说我遇到的95%的基督徒都是这个说法,我相信这不是个人原因。
现在已经是信息快捷的科技社会,事实到底怎么样,任何人都可以亲临其境去探究,而不是肆意揣测。可一部分人/基督徒没有任何想了解的意愿,或者社会和团体有某种目的不允许去解开这些误解,什么年代了还在拿一夫多妻说事。可见以100多年前的条件,那些悲剧是如何发生的。
另外佛教的转世理论也是后期伪佛教的产物,反正汉传里自相矛盾的地方多的很,一般信众也就是追求个精神安慰而已。可以看看一些讨论吧: https://www.douban.com/group/topic/72286630/
摩门教采纳一夫多妻制是在1840年代初期,教主约瑟夫史密斯把这条新教义作为上帝给予的启示向教徒推广。那个时代摩门教绝对没有男女比例失调的问题,当时Nauvoo的人口搞不好比同期的芝加哥还多,是伊利诺伊最繁华的城市。单纯就事论事的说,约瑟夫的正妻Emma身体很不好,可能是一夫多妻制的一大诱因。实际上摩门教被屠杀的数量非常的少,Haun’s Mill大屠杀死了20来个,念叨了好多年。而几十年后,摩门教徒搞的Mountain Meadows大屠杀,可是把去西部的移民车队杀了120个,而且是妇女儿童都杀,只留下18个婴儿。在迁徙犹他的过程中,除非这个教派特别照顾女性,否则我认为残酷自然环境下,女性的死亡率应该更高,至少在世界其他地方,大迁徙时都是女人死的更多。所以我认为人口比例失调说,除非有严谨的证据,很可能不成立。
Mountain Meadows Massacre到现在还是具有争议性的,发生在特殊时期的悲剧。死亡面前没有性别年龄之分,无论mormon还是emigrants被屠杀,无论男女老少,都是悲剧。我觉得不能说死的人数少,都是男人,那么惨痛就不值一提。没有给任何宗教洗白的意思,任何一个宗教追溯到历史,都血迹斑斑,高高在上的基督教也是一样。无论是什么起因和经过,现在随便来个人随口说的一夫多妻制度126年前就废了,mormon在现代社会也不是兴风起浪的狂徒和恐怖分子。
因为神差他的儿子降世、不是要定世人的罪、〔或作审判世人下同〕乃是要叫世人因他得救。
信他的人、不被定罪.不信的人、罪已经定了、因为他不信神独生子的名。
耶穌這個半仙是不是個單純傳說先不論,死後復活的人現代社會就有哇,google一下要多少有多少。猶太人當時的傳統是人死後在墓地邊守三天(懷疑就是耶穌三天復活的原型),因爲當時的醫學不發達,假死太多拉。
你們信教的居然不是信自己死後會復活? 那你信什麼,願聞其詳。並且貴經書裏罪也有大小,甚至有不被赦免的罪, 那就是褻瀆聖靈。。。。
旧约本身的可靠性就存疑,没有任何考古学证据证明旧约中犹太人的迁移,如果真的犹太人当时在埃及有60万以上人口,这么庞大的人口群体,埃及同时期的文献和古迹中却没有记录他们在埃及长达430年的生活也没有记录离开埃及的事件(想象一下一个地方几十万人离开是什么情形)。犹太人客居埃及的时间段,埃及当时的几次大战争旧约中也没有提到,所以七十士译本Septuagint的可靠性有大问题
https://www.quora.com/What-evidence-is-there-that-the-Bible-is-a-reliable-historical-document