How Israel Air Force penetrated Hezbollah's underground HQ in Beirut?
以色列空军是如何穿透真主党的地下总部的？
Dahiyeh, located in the southern suburbs of Beirut, was known as the place where Hezbollah's underground headquarters was based. According to Tel Aviv, the Israel Air Force carried out a precise airstrike on Friday to kill Nasrallah, among other targets.
But how can air raids cause damage to such an extent to underground bunkers? Is it easy for modern weapons to drop from the air to penetrate targets located beneath the ground?
但空袭如何能对地下掩体造成如此严重程度的破坏？从空中投掷的现代武器很容易穿透位于地下的目标吗？
Bunker-buster bombs
钻地弹
The result depends on what kind of bombs/warheads are deployed by the fighter planes. While staying inside underground bunkers can protect targets from several modern air-to-surface weapons, others can still hit them. A military-strong state like Israel obviously has access to such weapons.
Israel instructed its pilots to let loose as many as 85 so-called “bunker-buster” bombs in Beirut during the recent offensive against Hezbollah, Al Jazeera said. The name comes from these bombs' ability to reduce underground facilities and reinforced concrete buildings, into rubble.
Weighing between 2,000 and 4,000 pounds each, “bunker-buster” missiles dig deep into the ground instead of exploding immediately after making contact with the ground. These warheads are half the size of a regular bomb of similar weight. This is because their primary purpose is to burrow rather than obliterate the whole area.
They are manufactured with thicker steel than many other bombs. When fired, they maintain their shape and donot get dismantled if delivered on the roof of the target facility. Instead, it descends downward at high speed.
Living up to the name “ground penetration munition”, they detonate only after reaching targets many feet under the ground. It doesn’t require a powerful explosion to destroy its lower levels once it breaks through the underground structure, the Jerusalem Post said in a report.
“Bunker-buster” bombs penetrate 30 metres after hitting the ground. Even if the surface is blast-proof, the targets could still be neutralised as they are equipped to shatter six metres of concrete and create shockwaves that can collapse entire structures.
US-made GBU-39 and GBU-28 are reportedly among the bombs that fall under this category that are owned by Israel.
据报道，美国制造的GBU-39和GBU-28属于以色列拥有的这一类炸弹。
The Geneva Convention outlaws the use of these bombs in densely populated areas due to the risk of mass and indiscriminate casualties, Al Jazeera added.
半岛电视台补充说，《日内瓦公约》禁止在人口稠密地区使用这些炸弹，因为有可能造成大规模滥杀滥伤。
However, the use of the said weapon was not confirmed by IDF. Lt. Col. Nadav Shoshani, an army spokesperson of Israel, meanwhile declined to say what munitions were used in the strike. He told Reuters that the airstrike was based on years of tracking Nasrallah along with real-time information that made it viable. He said Nasrallah's death had been confirmed through various types of intelligence.
译者按：据印度媒体《周刊》(The Week)报道，以色列在轰炸真主党位于黎巴嫩地下掩体中的总部时，采用了钻地弹，这种钻地弹能够钻入地下30米，能够突破6米厚的钢筋混泥土。以色列总理称，击杀纳斯鲁拉能够改变中东的平衡。
(被炸身亡的真主党领袖纳斯鲁拉)
How Israel Air Force penetrated Hezbollah's underground HQ in Beirut?
以色列空军是如何穿透真主党的地下总部的？
Dahiyeh, located in the southern suburbs of Beirut, was known as the place where Hezbollah's underground headquarters was based. According to Tel Aviv, the Israel Air Force carried out a precise airstrike on Friday to kill Nasrallah, among other targets.
众所周知，位于贝鲁特南郊的达希耶(Dahiyeh)是真主党地下总部所在地。据以色列方面称，以色列空军于周五(9月27日)实施了一次精确空袭，以击毙纳斯鲁拉和其他目标人物。
But how can air raids cause damage to such an extent to underground bunkers? Is it easy for modern weapons to drop from the air to penetrate targets located beneath the ground?
但空袭如何能对地下掩体造成如此严重程度的破坏？从空中投掷的现代武器很容易穿透位于地下的目标吗？
Bunker-buster bombs
钻地弹
The result depends on what kind of bombs/warheads are deployed by the fighter planes. While staying inside underground bunkers can protect targets from several modern air-to-surface weapons, others can still hit them. A military-strong state like Israel obviously has access to such weapons.
结果取决于战斗机携带何种炸弹/弹头。虽然待在地下掩体内可以保护被打击目标免受几种现代空对地武器的攻击，但其他武器仍可击中目标。像以色列这样的军事强国，显然可以获得这类武器。
Israel instructed its pilots to let loose as many as 85 so-called “bunker-buster” bombs in Beirut during the recent offensive against Hezbollah, Al Jazeera said. The name comes from these bombs' ability to reduce underground facilities and reinforced concrete buildings, into rubble.
半岛电视台称，在最近对真主党的进攻中，以色列指示其飞行员在贝鲁特投掷了多达85枚所谓的钻地弹。这种炸弹能将地下设施和钢筋混凝土建筑炸成废墟，因此得名为“掩体克星”。
Weighing between 2,000 and 4,000 pounds each, “bunker-buster” missiles dig deep into the ground instead of exploding immediately after making contact with the ground. These warheads are half the size of a regular bomb of similar weight. This is because their primary purpose is to burrow rather than obliterate the whole area.
钻地弹每枚重2000至4000磅，能深入地下，而不是在接触地面后立即爆炸。这些弹头的大小是重量相近的常规炸弹的一半。其主要目是钻入地下，而不是摧毁整个区域。
They are manufactured with thicker steel than many other bombs. When fired, they maintain their shape and donot get dismantled if delivered on the roof of the target facility. Instead, it descends downward at high speed.
与许多其他炸弹相比，钻地弹采用更厚的钢材制造。发射后，它们能保持形状，如果投放到目标设施的屋顶上，也不会解体。相反，会高速向下坠落。
How do bunker-buster bombs work?
钻地弹如何工作？
Living up to the name “ground penetration munition”, they detonate only after reaching targets many feet under the ground. It doesn’t require a powerful explosion to destroy its lower levels once it breaks through the underground structure, the Jerusalem Post said in a report.
正如“穿透地面弹药”的名称一样，它们只有在到达地下许多英尺的目标后才会引爆。《耶路撒冷邮报》在一篇报道中说，一旦突破地下结构，它不需要强大的爆炸力就能摧毁地下层面。
“Bunker-buster” bombs penetrate 30 metres after hitting the ground. Even if the surface is blast-proof, the targets could still be neutralised as they are equipped to shatter six metres of concrete and create shockwaves that can collapse entire structures.
钻地弹击中地面后可穿透30米，即使地表是防爆的，目标仍然可以被摧毁，因为这些炸弹可以炸碎6米厚的钢筋混凝土，产生的冲击波可以使整个建筑坍塌。
Israel's ever-growing arsenal
以色列不断增长的武器库
US-made GBU-39 and GBU-28 are reportedly among the bombs that fall under this category that are owned by Israel.
据报道，美国制造的GBU-39和GBU-28属于以色列拥有的这一类炸弹。
The Geneva Convention outlaws the use of these bombs in densely populated areas due to the risk of mass and indiscriminate casualties, Al Jazeera added.
半岛电视台补充说，《日内瓦公约》禁止在人口稠密地区使用这些炸弹，因为有可能造成大规模滥杀滥伤。
However, the use of the said weapon was not confirmed by IDF. Lt. Col. Nadav Shoshani, an army spokesperson of Israel, meanwhile declined to say what munitions were used in the strike. He told Reuters that the airstrike was based on years of tracking Nasrallah along with real-time information that made it viable. He said Nasrallah's death had been confirmed through various types of intelligence.
以色列国防军并未证实使用了上述武器。同时，以色列军队发言人纳达夫·肖沙尼(Nadav Shoshani)中校拒绝透露袭击中使用了何种弹药。他告诉路透社记者，这次空袭是基于多年来对纳斯鲁拉的追踪和实时信息，因此是可行的。他说，纳斯鲁拉的死亡已通过各种情报得到证实。
以高官：跟踪纳斯鲁拉数月，行动时投下超80枚炸弹
以色列军方9月28日称，在对黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特南郊的空袭中炸死黎巴嫩真主党领导人纳斯鲁拉。据美国《纽约时报》28日报道，有以色列高官透露，以方在此次行动前数月就开始跟踪纳斯鲁拉。
报道称，三名以色列军方高官透露，以领导人数月来一直知道纳斯鲁拉的行踪，日前以军决定发动袭击，是因为他们认为，在纳斯鲁拉从一个地方消失并前往另一个地方之前，以方只有很短的时间来采取行动。两名以色列高官说，以方于本周早些时候开始策划袭击行动。
报道称，两名以色列高官还透露，在袭击纳斯鲁拉的行动中，以军在几分钟内投下了超过80枚炸弹。不过，他们没有透露炸弹的重量和型号等有关信息。
《纽约时报》称，以色列官员援引情报信息称，黎真主党于28日早上发现了纳斯鲁拉的遗体。
据《以色列时报》等媒体报道，当地时间27日晚至28日凌晨，以色列国防军空袭了位于黎巴嫩贝鲁特郊区的真主党目标。28日，以军和真主党先后确认，纳斯鲁拉在袭击中身亡。以军发言人绍沙尼称，针对纳斯鲁拉的空袭是基于多年的追踪以及“实时情报”。伊朗方面强烈谴责以军这轮空袭，警告以方正越过“红线”。伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬发表声明称，以色列对贝鲁特的袭击是明显的战争罪行。
袭击纳斯鲁拉，似乎并非以色列行动的终点。据法新社报道，以色列军方28日在一份声明中说，以军当天对几十个真主党目标进行了“大规模打击”。黎真主党称对以色列北部进行了火箭弹袭击。《纽约时报》称，杀死纳斯鲁拉是过去两周以色列对真主党迅速扩大攻势的重大升级，这场攻势有可能演变为一场全面的地区战争。