Given the traveler and the air traffic from anywhere in Italy but also particularly northern itlay,it is just not surprising that unfortunately and inadvertently New York was seeded before theyreally knew what was going on.
Yesand no.So yes, we were surprised by the number of viruses that were interrelated with viruses circulating in Europe. And no, we were not surprised because it's really a lot of travel. For tourists going forth and back, and New Yorkerswerealso traveling to Europe. The way is not so surprising, but the extent of itwas unexpected.
The Mount Sinai health system is the largest healthcare provider in New York city. And we serve a very diverse population across the city's different neighborhoods. To monitor the viruses and bacteria that cause disease in our patients.Wein place a pathogensurveillance program over the past years, so that we can follow and monitor, for example, the influenza or bacteria.
When the first cases were identified in New York City, we wereready to take action and to immediately sequence those viruses.Middle of March, we could sequence and obtain information of the viruses that cause those diseases in the many New Yorkers.
We can compare those sequences from New Yorkers we analyzed and with those sequences in the database from the worldwide analyzed coronaviruses.And we can compare based on those mutationsin the viruses. We noticed with surprise that many of the survivors’ viruses in New York City resemble those viruses found in Europe.
In a phylogenetic network analysis of 160 complete human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) genomes, we find three central variants distinguished by amino acid changes, which we have named A, B, and C, with A being the ancestral type according to the bat outgroup coronavirus.
连续多日，一项关于美国疫情最严重地区纽约的研究结果持续引发关注。报告数据证实，纽约疫情的直接来源地是欧洲，而非中国。
自美国疫情发生以来，包括蓬佩奥、彭斯等在内的一些政要竭力操纵舆论，导致很多民众对亚洲、对中国形成固有偏见。因此，直接来源地是欧洲这一研究结果公布后，部分美国民众甚至媒体都表示很意外甚至震惊。
近日，一段短短3分多钟的采访中，美国有线电视新闻网主播瞪着难以置信的大眼睛，反复询问报告可信么？这结果出乎你们的意料么？
跟主播不同，美国“抗疫队长”、国家过敏症和传染病研究所主任安东尼·福奇表示：“我对此并不意外”。
安东尼·福奇博士对美国媒体发表了他的看法，认为研究结果可信。
他表示：“根据旅行和航班记录发现，纽约新冠病毒源自意大利，而且是意大利北部。我对此并不感到意外。不幸的是，在纽约民众弄清情况之前病毒已悄然在纽约扩散。”
Given the traveler and the air traffic from anywhere in Italy but also particularly northern itlay,it is just not surprising that unfortunately and inadvertently New York was seeded before theyreally knew what was going on.
CNN主持人坦言，我猜如果在疫情暴发早期大家都不会想到纽约的疫情源自欧洲。
在连线西奈山伊坎医学院微生物学和传染病学教授维维亚娜·西蒙(Viviana Simon)时，她再次问道：“当你看到研究结果表明，纽约的新冠病毒源自欧洲时你们感到惊讶吗？”
维维亚娜·西蒙教授直言，“结果并不让人意外，只是没想到输入病例的范围如此之广。”
我们没想到有那么多的纽约新冠病毒数都与正在欧洲蔓延的新冠病毒有关联。但这个结果也在我们的意料之中，毕竟往来纽约及欧洲的旅行者人数众多，也有很多纽约人去欧洲旅行。从某种程度上来说，这个研究结果并不让人意外，但是欧洲输入病例的范围之广出乎我们的意料。
Yesand no.So yes, we were surprised by the number of viruses that were interrelated with viruses circulating in Europe. And no, we were not surprised because it's really a lot of travel. For tourists going forth and back, and New Yorkerswerealso traveling to Europe. The way is not so surprising, but the extent of itwas unexpected.
从福奇和西蒙教授的两个“不意外”，我们都不难看出，美国专家、学者清醒地知道，就连直接源头都可能根本不是亚洲。
早在2月底，《纽约时报》、美国消费者新闻与商业频道（CNBC）等多家主流媒体就报道过，美国拟确诊首例无法确定感染源新冠患者。该病患未曾离开美国，也未与任何确诊病例有过接触。
由此可见，很多美国政客变着花样地对中国搞污名化，揣着明白装糊涂，竭力混淆视听、带节奏，目的就是甩锅给中国。
如何判断出疫情直接源是欧洲？
研究人员是怎样发现纽约的疫情主要源自欧洲的？是因为病毒变异，使得研究人员得以判定来源地的么？
据CNN主播介绍，从基本层面上来说，当人们听到新冠病毒一词，多数人会以为它只是一种病毒。研究表明不同种的新冠病毒之间还存在着细微差别，使得研究者可以分辨出病毒来源地。
参与研究的西奈山伊坎医学院微生物学和传染病学教授维维亚娜·西蒙(Viviana Simon)在接受CNN的独家专访时，也进一步详细回答了该问题：
西奈山医疗系统是纽约市最大的医疗机构，我们为纽约市不同社区的多元人口提供服务。为了追踪致使病人患病的病毒或细菌，过去几年内我们建立了病原体监测程序以便追踪监测，例如，流感或者细菌。
The Mount Sinai health system is the largest healthcare provider in New York city. And we serve a very diverse population across the city's different neighborhoods. To monitor the viruses and bacteria that cause disease in our patients.Wein place a pathogensurveillance program over the past years, so that we can follow and monitor, for example, the influenza or bacteria.
当纽约市出现首例新冠病例时，我们已准备就绪，立即对该病毒的基因组进行测序。三月中旬，当我们开始实施更大规模的检测及诊断时，我们也对许多纽约新冠病患进行了病毒基因测序，获得了更多病毒信息。
When the first cases were identified in New York City, we wereready to take action and to immediately sequence those viruses.Middle of March, we could sequence and obtain information of the viruses that cause those diseases in the many New Yorkers.
维维亚娜·西蒙教授表示：“我们可以根据病毒序列，把纽约确诊病例的新冠病毒基因组分析结果与全球新冠病毒基因测序数据库的数据进行对比，却发现纽约新冠病毒与许多欧洲新冠病毒相似。”
We can compare those sequences from New Yorkers we analyzed and with those sequences in the database from the worldwide analyzed coronaviruses.And we can compare based on those mutationsin the viruses. We noticed with surprise that many of the survivors’ viruses in New York City resemble those viruses found in Europe.
此前，西奈山伊坎医学院微生物学和传染病学教授维维亚娜·西蒙(Viviana Simon)在一份声明中说，在被研究的78例病例中，只有一例感染了明显从亚洲输入的病毒，并且该病毒与来自西雅图的病毒分离株关系最为密切。
Only one of the 78 cases studied was infected with a virus that was a clear candidate for introduction from Asia...
新冠病毒有细微差异这一结论在另一篇学术文章中也得到了证实。4月8日，英国剑桥大学和德国的研究人员在《美国科学院院刊》（PNAS）上发表了一篇名为《用基因进化网络分析新冠病毒》的研究报告。
据报道介绍，在对世界各地160个新冠病毒基因组按照进化网络分析后，研究人员发现了以氨基酸变化为特征的三个主要变异体，研究团队将其分别标记为A型、B型和C型。
其中，与蝙蝠身上的那种冠状病毒最为接近的是A型新冠病毒，这也被研究人员认定为是在人类身上传播的新冠病毒的“原始”类型。
In a phylogenetic network analysis of 160 complete human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) genomes, we find three central variants distinguished by amino acid changes, which we have named A, B, and C, with A being the ancestral type according to the bat outgroup coronavirus.
研究发现，A型毒株虽然出现在中国武汉，但在武汉样本中更多的是变异的B型毒株，A型毒株在美国和澳洲研究样本上更为常见。流传于欧洲的主要是C型毒株。
文章第一作者、英国剑桥大学遗传学家Peter Forster博士介绍，这项研究尚无法就新冠病毒的来源给出一个确切答案，他和其他学者们还将继续对这一问题进行研究。
新冠病毒的性质和源头依然未知，可以确认的是，“病毒不分国界”。真正的敌人“新冠病毒”不会因为你的性别、肤色、国籍而停下脚步。
希望污名化中国的政客不要再继续以牺牲无辜百姓的生命为代价，达成自己的政治企图。
编辑：王瑜实习生：顾贝盈