After WWII ended in Europe, about 11–12 million[8][9][10] Germans were forced to flee from or were expelled from several countries throughout Eastern and Central Europe, including Russia, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia and the prewar territory of Poland. A large number of them were also displaced when Germany's former eastern provinces either passed to Soviet Russia or became part of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement (Poland lost some of these territories in various periods over several centuries), regardless of the fact that those lands had been under heavy German ethnic and cultural influence since the German colonization of them in the Late Middle Ages or the 19th century, and the fact that they had been under German rule since the conquests and expansion of Brandenburg and Prussia. The majority of these expelled and displaced Germans ended up in what remained of Germany, with some of them being sent to West Germany and others being sent to East Germany. The ethnic cleansing of the Germans was the largest displacement of a single European population in modern history.[8][9] Estimates for the total number of those who died during the removals range from 500,000 to 2,000,000, where the higher figures include "unsolved cases" of persons reported as missing and presumed dead. Many German civilians were sent to internment and labor camps as well, where they often died. Usually, the events are either classified as a population transfer,[11][12] or they are classified as an ethnic cleansing.[13][14][15][16] Felix Ermacora, among a minority of legal scholars, equated ethnic cleansing with genocide,[17][18] and stated that the expulsion of the Germans therefore constituted genocide.[19]
乌克兰难民营 截取自中国网站
俄罗斯侵犯乌克兰期间不但多次轰炸民宅、屠杀平民，还犯下许多性侵强暴恶行，连幼小孩童都不放过，行径令人髮指。乌克兰国会人权专员鲁宾内兹（Dmytro Lubinets）2日指控俄罗斯绑架乌克兰儿童，强迫他们卖淫并拍摄色情影片，鲁宾内兹呼吁乌克兰警方、网络警察及检察官设法找到并严惩犯罪者。
根据法新社报导，鲁宾内兹在通讯软体Telegram上发文控诉：“Telegram频道显示，俄罗斯人正在绑架乌克兰孩童，并强迫他们拍摄色情片。”鲁宾内兹举例，有一名年届学龄的男童被标价25万卢布，这名男童是乌克兰的孤儿。
鲁宾内兹也公布一段通讯软体WhatsApp上的对话截图，对话中的2人正在讨论利用一名男童拍摄儿童色情片，其中一人指称：“他是从乌克兰被带来的，来自孤儿院、无亲无故。”他提到：“他们替他（男童）预定了一系列拍片行程”，并坦承：“我们正在为这类工作引进孩童，这已经不是我们第一次这么做了”。
鲁宾内兹要求乌克兰警方、网络警察及检察官设法找到并严惩犯罪者，他直言：“俄罗斯联邦正在阴险地绑架、杀害、拐骗和性侵我们的孩子…当今世界怎么会发生这种事？！”乌克兰检察总长科斯廷（Andriy Kostin）近日指出，俄罗斯发动侵略近1年来已经犯下65000起战争罪，包括无差别砲击平民、故意杀戮、酷刑、与衝突有关的性暴力、抢劫和大规模强迫流离失所。
乌克兰总统幕僚长叶尔马克（Andriy Yermak）上月在达沃斯（Davos）经济论坛（World Economic Forum）说：“我们记录了俄罗斯入侵者犯下的8万起罪行，已有超过9000多名平民丧生，其中包括453名儿童。”他强调：“我们不会原谅任何一项酷刑或夺取生命（的行为）。每个罪犯都会被追究责任。”并重申乌克兰希望有特别的国际法庭来审判俄罗斯政治领导人。